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周 海, 杨 利, 谢 诗, 杨 家, 张 家. [Transcriptome sequencing for identification of the genes associated with restenosis of venous grafts in rabbits]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:1804-1809. [PMID: 37933658 PMCID: PMC10630209 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.10.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the genes associated with venous graft restenosis in rabbits using transcriptome sequencing. METHODS Forty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, and in the experimental group, the left external jugular veins of the rabbits were engrafted to the left common carotid artery with continuous running suture; the rabbits in the control group received no operation. At 2 and 4 weeks after the operation, 10 rabbits from each group were euthanized and the venous grafts (in experimental group) or left external jugular vein (in control group) were harvested for measurement of the intima-media thickness using HE staining. RNA high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the venous grafts and the control veins, and the biological functions of the DEGs were analyzed using GO and KEEG databases. RESULTS In the experimental group, intima-media thickening with increased extracellular matrix and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation occurred in the venous grafts at 2 weeks and aggravated at 4 weeks after the operation. RNA high-throughput sequencing identified 1583 up-regulated genes and 608 down-regulated genes in the venous grafts in the experimental group, and GO and KEGG analysis of the DEGs pinpointed 10 hub genes, namely CD4, ZAP70, SYK, CD28, PIK3CD, CXCR4, CCR5, ITK, CCL5 and BTK. CONCLUSION CD4, ZAP70, SYK, CD28, PIK3CD, CXCR4, CCR5, ITK, CCL5 and BTK are probably the key genes associated with vein graft restenosis in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- 海深 周
- />南方医科大学珠江医院胸外科, 广东 广州 510280Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 利博 杨
- />南方医科大学珠江医院胸外科, 广东 广州 510280Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 诗 谢
- />南方医科大学珠江医院胸外科, 广东 广州 510280Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 家明 杨
- />南方医科大学珠江医院胸外科, 广东 广州 510280Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - 家庆 张
- />南方医科大学珠江医院胸外科, 广东 广州 510280Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
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Kang H, Yan G, Zhang W, Xu J, Guo J, Yang J, Liu X, Sun A, Chen Z, Fan Y, Deng X. Impaired endothelial cell proliferative, migratory, and adhesive abilities are associated with the slow endothelialization of polycaprolactone vascular grafts implanted into a hypercholesterolemia rat model. Acta Biomater 2022; 149:233-247. [PMID: 35811068 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Most small diameter vascular grafts (inner diameter<6 mm) evaluation studies are performed in healthy animals that cannot represent the clinical situation. Herein, an hypercholesterolemia (HC) rat model with thickened intima and elevated expression of pro-inflammatory intercellular adhesion molecular-1 (ICAM-1) in the carotid branch is established. Electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) vascular grafts (length: 1 cm; inner diameter: 2 mm) are implanted into the HC rat abdominal aortas in an end to end fashion and followed up to 43 days, showing a relative lower patency accompanied by significant neointima hyperplasia, abundant collagen deposition, and slower endothelialization than those implanted into healthy ones. Moreover, the proliferation, migration, and adhesion behavior of endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from the HC aortas are impaired as evaluated under both static and pulsatile flow conditions. DNA microarray studies of the HC aortic endothelium suggest genes involved in EC proliferation (Egr2), apoptosis (Zbtb16 and Mt1), and metabolism (Slc7a11 and Hamp) are down regulated. These results suggest the impaired proliferative, migratory, and adhesive abilities of ECs are associated with the bad performances of grafts in HC rat. Future pre-clinical evaluation of small diameter vascular grafts may concern more disease animal models with clinical complications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: During the development of small diameter vascular grafts (D<6 mm), young and healthy animal models from pigs, sheep, dogs, to rabbits and rats are preferred. However, it cannot represent the clinic situation, where most cardiovascular grafting procedures are performed in the elderly and age is the primary risk factor for disease development or death. Herein, the performance of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) vascular grafts implanted into hypercholesterolemia (HC) or healthy rats were evaluated. Results suggest the proliferative, migratory, and adhesive abilities of endothelial cells (ECs) are already impaired in HC rats, which contributes to the observed slower endothelialization of implanted PCL grafts. Future pre-clinical evaluation of small diameter vascular grafts may concern more disease animal models with clinical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guiqin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Junwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Anqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zengsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Karaagac E, Besir Y, Kurus M, Gokalp O, Iscan S, Gokkurt Y, Kandemir C, Topal FE, Keselik E, Eygi B, Gurbuz A. The effect of bovine serum albumin-glutaraldehyde and polyethylene glycol polymer on neointimal hyperplasia in rabbit carotid artery anastomosis. J Biomater Appl 2020; 36:152-164. [PMID: 33050834 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220964913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the systemic drugs have been used to reduce the hyperplasic response in the tunica intima, the periadventitial local drug applications to the vascular wall have gained more popularity. In this study, we investigated the effect of bovine serum albumin-glutaraldehyde and polyethylene glycol polymer on neointimal hyperplasia in rabbit carotid artery anastomosis to explore the effects of these two different agents. METHODS 21 New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. The carotid artery transection and anastomosis was performed onthe control group. The bovine serum albumin-glutaraldehyde and the polyethylene glycol polymer were applied locally on the other two groups seperatley after transection and anastomosis of the carotid arteries. At the end of 28-day follow-up, the histological and the immunohistochemical results related to neointimal hyperplasia were compared. RESULTS The glue residues were detected in the BSA-glutaraldehyde group, but in the PEG polymer group there was no glue residue. The intima thickness and the intima/media thickness ratio in the control group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the other groups. These values did not differ significantly between the BSA-glutaraldehyde group and the PEG polymer group (p>0.05). The lumen diameter and the area in the control group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the BSA-glutaraldehyde group. These values between the control group and the PEG polymer group did not differ significantly (p>0.05). aSMA-positive staining score in the Control group was found to be significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the BSA-glutaraldehyde and PEG polymer group and the VEGF-positive staining score in the control group was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the BSA-glutaraldehyde and the PEG polymer group. CONCLUSIONS Although the both agents have positive results on neointimal hyperplasia, it would be favorable to use polyethylene glycol polymer, since it does not seem to affect the lumen area and the lumen diameter of the vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erturk Karaagac
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Muş State Hospital, Muş, Turkey
| | - Yuksel Besir
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Izmir KatipÇelebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Meltem Kurus
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir KatipÇelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Orhan Gokalp
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Izmir KatipÇelebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sahin Iscan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Izmir KatipÇelebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yasar Gokkurt
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Izmir KatipÇelebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cagri Kandemir
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Izmir KatipÇelebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Esad Topal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir KatipÇelebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erdi Keselik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir KatipÇelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bortecin Eygi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Izmir KatipÇelebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Gurbuz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Izmir KatipÇelebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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Anderson DEJ, Pohan G, Raman J, Konecny F, Yim EKF, Hinds MT. Improving Surgical Methods for Studying Vascular Grafts in Animal Models. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 24:457-464. [PMID: 29984616 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While clinical vascular grafting uses an end-to-side surgical method, researchers primarily use end-to-end implant techniques in preclinical models. This may be due in part to the limitations of using small animal models in research. The work presented here provides support and evidence for the improvement of vascular graft implant techniques by demonstrating the successful implantation of experimental grafts into both large and small animal models. Specifically, models of aortoiliac baboon (Papio anubis) bypass and common carotid rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) bypass were used to test vascular grafts for thrombosis and vascular healing after 1 month using an end-to-side anastomosis grafting procedure. Patency was evaluated with ultrasound or histological techniques, and neointimal growth was quantified with histology. In the development of this procedure for small animals, both an end-to-end/end-to-side and an end-to-side/end-to-side configuration were tested in rabbits. One hundred percent of rabbit implants (2/2) with an end-to-end/end-to-side configuration were patent at explant. However, with the end-to-side/end-to-side configuration, 66% (6/9) of rabbit implants and 93% (13/14) of baboon implants remained patent at 1 month, suggesting the importance of replicating the end-to-side method for testing vascular grafts for clinical use. This study describes feasible preclinical surgical procedures, which simulate clinical vascular bypass grafts even in small animals. Widespread implementation of these end-to-side surgical techniques in these or other animals should improve the quality of experimental, preclinical testing and ultimately increase the likelihood of translating new vascular graft technologies into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre E J Anderson
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Grace Pohan
- 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaishankar Raman
- 3 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Filip Konecny
- 4 Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica T Hinds
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
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Li R, Lan B, Zhu T, Yang Y, Cai M, Fang Z, Ma C, Chen S. Preventing graft restenosis after coronary artery bypass grafting with tissue-type plasminogen activator. Eur J Med Res 2017; 22:18. [PMID: 28606123 PMCID: PMC5469182 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-017-0259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of using tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) to prevent graft restenosis after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods In this prospective observational study, 37 patients underwent CABG between June 2009 and May 2013. These patients were grouped according to the anti-coagulation strategy after surgery: t-PA (n = 12) and conventional treatments (n = 25). In the t-PA group, the patients received acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel plus intravenous infusion of t-PA (0.25 mg/kg/day) starting at 24 h after surgery and that lasted for 3 days. In the conventional group, the patients received only ASA and clopidogrel. 64-row spiral computed tomographic coronary angiography was performed at 1 week, 1, and 3 months after surgery to evaluate the patency of the graft vessel. Results The mean stenosis severity of the saphenous vein grafts was lower in the t-PA group compared with the conventional group at 3 months after surgery (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference at 1 week and 1 month (p > 0.05). The patency rate of the grafts was not significantly different between the two groups at 1 week, 1, and 3 months after surgery (p > 0.05). Conclusion Early application of t-PA after CABG was feasible and safe, and might help prevent early restenosis of SV grafts. Additional clinical randomized trials are necessary to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiong Li
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital and Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, 515031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Lan
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital and Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, 515031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianxiang Zhu
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital and Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, 515031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlong Yang
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital and Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, 515031, People's Republic of China
| | - Muyan Cai
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital and Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, 515031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Fang
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital and Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, 515031, People's Republic of China
| | - Chensheng Ma
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital and Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, 515031, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Chen
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital and Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, 515031, People's Republic of China
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