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Neerhut T, Shin BNH, Rhee H, Chung E. A review of the objective cognitive function measurements in males receiving hormonal therapy for prostate cancer. Investig Clin Urol 2023; 64:521-540. [PMID: 37932563 PMCID: PMC10630686 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20230103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer (PC) is more common in the older population and the use of hormonal therapy in PC can increase medical frailty and cognitive decline. This narrative review examines the impact of androgen deprivation therapies (ADTs) and next-generational hormonal therapies (NGHT) on cognitive function outcomes amongst patients with hormone-sensitive or castrate-resistant PC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six electronic databases were searched from January 2000 to June 2022 for quantitative studies to evaluate the impacts of hormonal therapies (ADT, combined androgen blockade, and NGHT) on cognitive functions in men with PC. RESULTS Of the 36 studies identified, 20 studies reported no effect of hormonal therapies on any cognitive domain while 16 studies found possible declines in at least one domain. The domains assessed were highly variable and objective assessment measurements were not standardized or widely adopted. While the results have been inconsistent, a relationship between declining androgen levels and poorer performances in the visuospatial and visual memory domains has been highlighted. It was not possible to distinguish the degree of cognitive parameter changes between the populations of hormone-sensitive and castrate-resistant PC. CONCLUSIONS While the exact impact of ADT and NGHT on cognitive function in men with PC remains controversial, appropriate care should be undertaken especially in older and frail individuals, specifically in those with progressive or established visuospatial or visual memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neerhut
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane QLD Australia, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brian Ng Hung Shin
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane QLD Australia, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Handoo Rhee
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane QLD Australia, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Eric Chung
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane QLD Australia, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- AndroUrology Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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2
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Doma KM, Lewis ED, Barracato JM, Brink LR, Gratson AA, Pandey N, Crowley DC, Evans M. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Study Investigating the Efficacy of a Whole Coffee Cherry Extract and Phosphatidylserine Formulation on Cognitive Performance of Healthy Adults with Self-Perceived Memory Problems. Neurol Ther 2023; 12:777-794. [PMID: 36929344 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-023-00454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognition refers to brain functions including memory, learning, and thought processing and is increasingly important to individuals. However, impairment of cognitive function is a concern among North American adults. Therefore, effective and reliable treatments are needed. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of 42 days of Neuriva® supplementation, a whole coffee cherry extract and phosphatidylserine supplement, on memory, accuracy, focus and concentration and learning among 138 healthy adults (40-65 years) with self-reported memory problems. Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, Computerized Mental Performance Assessment System (COMPASS) tasks, the Everyday Memory Questionnaire (EMQ), and Go/No-Go tests were assessed at baseline and day 42. RESULTS As compared to placebo, Neuriva® supplementation elicited greater improvements at day 42 in numeric working memory COMPASS task accuracy outcomes (p ≤ 0.024) which assessed memory, accuracy, and focus and concentration, and reaction time outcomes (p ≤ 0.031) which assessed memory as well as focus and concentration. Neuriva® supplementation improved overall accuracy (p = 0.035) in the picture recognition task that assessed memory, accuracy, and learning compared to placebo. No significant differences between groups were observed for BDNF, the EMQ, or Go/No-Go tests. CONCLUSION Results suggest 42 days of Neuriva® supplementation was safe, well tolerated, and beneficial in improving memory, accuracy, focus and concentration, and learning in a healthy adult population with self-reported memory problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina M Doma
- KGK Science Inc, 275 Dundas Street, Tower A Suite A1605, London, ON, N6B 3L1, Canada
| | - Erin D Lewis
- KGK Science Inc, 275 Dundas Street, Tower A Suite A1605, London, ON, N6B 3L1, Canada.
| | - Jane M Barracato
- Global Medical Science, Reckitt, 399 Interpace Parkway, P.O. Box 225, Parsippany, NJ, 07054-0225, USA
| | - Lauren R Brink
- Global Medical Science, Reckitt, 399 Interpace Parkway, P.O. Box 225, Parsippany, NJ, 07054-0225, USA
| | - Alejandra A Gratson
- Global Medical Science, Reckitt, 399 Interpace Parkway, P.O. Box 225, Parsippany, NJ, 07054-0225, USA
| | - Neeraj Pandey
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt, Turner House 103-105 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire, SL1 3UH, UK
| | - David C Crowley
- KGK Science Inc, 275 Dundas Street, Tower A Suite A1605, London, ON, N6B 3L1, Canada
| | - Malkanthi Evans
- KGK Science Inc, 275 Dundas Street, Tower A Suite A1605, London, ON, N6B 3L1, Canada
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3
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Qassem T, Khater MS, Emara T, Rasheedy D, Tawfik HM, Mohammedin AS, Tolba MF, Aly El-Gabry D, Abdel Aziz K, Saber HG. Validation of the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination in Mild Cognitive Impairment in Arabic Speakers. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2021; 50:178-182. [PMID: 34293741 DOI: 10.1159/000517580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a target for early detection and intervention in dementia, yet there is a shortage of validated screening tools in Arabic to diagnose MCI. The mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (m-ACE) is a brief cognitive battery that is scored out of 30 and can be administered in under 5 min providing a quick screening tool for assessment of cognition. OBJECTIVE We aimed to validate the m-ACE in Arabic speakers in Egypt with MCI to provide cut-off scores. METHODS We included 24 patients with MCI and 52 controls and administered the Arabic version of the m-ACE. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001) on the total m-ACE score between MCI patients (mean 18.54, SD 3.05) and controls (mean 24.54, SD 2.68). There was also a statistically significant difference between MCI patients and controls on the total score and the fluency, visuospatial, and memory recall sub-scores of the m-ACE (p < 0.05). Performance on the m-ACE significantly correlated with both the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III). Using a receiver operator characteristic curve, the optimal cut-off score for MCI on the m-ACE total score was 21 out of 30 (87.5% sensitivity, 84.6% specificity, and 85.5% accuracy). CONCLUSIONS We validated the Arabic m-ACE in Egyptian patients with MCI and provided objective validation of it as a screening tool for MCI, with good sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy that is comparable to other translated versions of the m-ACE in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Qassem
- Maudsley Health, Al-Amal Psychiatric Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Neuropsychiatry Department, Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP), Al-Amal Psychiatric Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed S Khater
- Geriatrics and Gerontology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer Emara
- Neurology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doha Rasheedy
- Geriatrics and Gerontology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M Tawfik
- Geriatrics and Gerontology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Mohammedin
- Geriatrics and Gerontology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Geriatrics and Gerontology Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad F Tolba
- Geriatrics and Gerontology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Aly El-Gabry
- Neuropsychiatry Department, Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Karim Abdel Aziz
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Heba G Saber
- Geriatrics and Gerontology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yang W, Luo H, Ma Y, Si S, Zhao H. Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients with Hypertension: A Review. Aging Dis 2021; 12:841-851. [PMID: 34094646 PMCID: PMC8139194 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a common comorbidity that contributes to the development of various cardiovascular disorders in elderly patients. Moreover, hypertension has been associated with cognitive decline and dementia. Cognitive impairment leads to increased morbidity and mortality in elderly patients with hypertension. However, previous studies investigating the association between blood pressure (BP), BP variability (BPV), and antihypertensive drug use and the risk of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with hypertension have reported inconsistent findings. Given the global burden of hypertension, the aging population, and the low quality of life associated with cognitive impairment, a more comprehensive understanding of the association between hypertension and cognitive decline is needed. In this review, we summarized the current preclinical evidence and clinical research regarding the association of BP control, BPV, and antihypertensive drug use and cognitive function. We particularly focused on the differences among categories of antihypertensive drugs. We concluded that the correlation of BP and risk of cognitive function is non-linear and dependent on a patient’s age. Intensive BP control is generally not recommended, particularly for the oldest-old. Increased BPV and characteristics of orthostatic hypotension in the elderly also increase the risk of cognitive decline. The current evidence does not support one category of antihypertensive drugs as superior to others for preventing dementia in elderly patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hongyu Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yixin Ma
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Sicong Si
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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5
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Qassem T, Khater MS, Emara T, Rasheedy D, Tawfik HM, Mohammedin AS, Tolba MF, Saber HG, Aly El-Gabry D, Abdel Aziz K. Validation of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III in Mild Cognitive Impairment in Arabic Speakers in Egypt. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2021; 49:418-422. [PMID: 33080612 DOI: 10.1159/000510952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents an important point on the pathway to developing dementia and a target for early detection and intervention. There is a shortage of validated cognitive screening tools in Arabic to diagnose MCI. The aim of this study was to validate Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III) (Egyptian-Arabic version) in a sample of patients with MCI, to provide cut-off scores in Egyptian-Arabic speakers. METHODS A total of 24 patients with MCI and 54 controls were included in the study and were administered the Egyptian-Arabic version of the ACE-III. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in the total ACE-III score between MCI patients (mean 75.83, standard deviation (SD) 8.1) and controls (mean 86.26, SD 6.74). There was also a statistically significant difference between MCI patients and controls in the memory, fluency, and visuospatial sub-scores of the ACE-III (p < 0.05) but not in attention and language sub-scores. Using a receiver operator characteristic curve, the optimal cut-off score for diagnosing MCI on the ACE-III total score was 81, with 75% sensitivity, 82% specificity, and 80% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide objective validation of the Egyptian-Arabic version of the ACE-III as a screening tool for MCI, with good sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy that are comparable to other translated versions of the ACE-III in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Qassem
- Maudsley Health, Al-Amal Psychiatric Hospital, Al Awir, United Arab Emirates.,Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP), Al-Amal Psychiatric Hospital, Al Awir, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed S Khater
- Geriatrics and Gerontology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer Emara
- Neurology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doha Rasheedy
- Geriatrics and Gerontology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M Tawfik
- Geriatrics and Gerontology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Mohammedin
- Geriatrics and Gerontology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad F Tolba
- Geriatrics and Gerontology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba G Saber
- Geriatrics and Gerontology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Aly El-Gabry
- Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Karim Abdel Aziz
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates,
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mastication improves cognitive function by activating cerebral cortical activity, and it is important to demonstrate the cognitive effects of masticatory training using a variety of different interventions. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of masticatory exercise on cognitive function in healthy older adults living in the community. METHODS: For six weeks, twelve participants performed a masticatory exercise using a NOSICK exerciser device, and thirteen subjects performed daily life without masticatory exercises. Trail Making Test, Digit Span Test, and Stroop test were used to measure the cognitive function. RESULTS: The participants in the experimental group showed significant improvements in TMT-A/B (p= 0.001 and 0.004), DST-forward (p= 0.001), and ST-word (p= 0.001). The effect sizes after the intervention were calculated as (1.2 and 0.8) for TMT-A/B, (0.8 and 0.2) for Digit Span Test forward/backward, and (0.6 and 0.2) for Stroop test color/word. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the masticatory exercises improve cognitive function in healthy older adults. Therefore, masticatory exercises can be used as a therapeutic exercise during cognitive rehabilitation.
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7
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Liu Y, Lachman ME. Education and Cognition in Middle Age and Later Life: The Mediating Role of Physical and Cognitive Activity. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 75:e93-e104. [PMID: 30955036 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although educational attainment is related to cognitive function in later life, little is known about the mechanisms involved. This study assessed the independent mediating effects of two behavioral variables, physical and cognitive activity, on the association between educational attainment and cognitive function and change. METHODS Data were derived from the three waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Predictors (educational attainment) were from the 1995 baseline, mediators (physical and cognitive activities) were from the 2004 wave, and outcomes (cognitive function) were from the 2004 and 2013 waves. Conditional process modeling was applied using PROCESS in SPSS. RESULTS There were both direct and indirect effects of educational attainment on level and change of executive function (EF) and episodic memory (EM). Physical activity and cognitive activity were both significant mediators for cognitive level. For mediators of change, however, cognitive activity was significant for EF and physical activity was significant for EM. DISCUSSION Physical and cognitive activity are discussed as possible factors for protecting against cognitive decline in later life. The findings have implications for advancing supportive policies and practices related to maximizing the benefits of education and physical and cognitive activities for cognition in middle age and later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Liu
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Margie E Lachman
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
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8
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Balietti M, Pugliese A, Conti F. In aged rats, differences in spatial learning and memory influence the response to late-life Environmental Enrichment. Exp Gerontol 2020; 146:111225. [PMID: 33388381 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It has clearly been demonstrated that cognitive stimulation, physical exercise, and social engagement help counteract age-related cognitive decline. However, several important issues remain to be addressed. Given the wide differences in cognitive impairment found among individuals of the same age, identifying the subjects who will benefit most from late-life interventions is one such issue. Environmental Enrichment (EE) is a particularly valuable approach to do this. In this study, aged (21-month-old) rats were assigned to a better (BL) or a worse (WL) learner group (training phase) and to a non-impaired (NI) or an impaired (I) group (probe phase) by their performance on the Morris Water Maze, using the test performances of adult (12-month-old) rats as the cut-offs. The aged rats were retested after a 12-week EE or standard housing (SH) protocol. After 12 weeks, the performances of SH rats had deteriorated, whereas all rats benefited from EE, albeit in different ways. In particular, the animals assigned to the BL and the NI groups prior to EE still performed as well as the adult rats (performance preservation) whereas, critically, the animals assigned to the WL and the I groups before EE showed such improved performances that they reached the level of the adult rats (performance improvement), despite having aged further. EE seems to induce the preservation in BLs and the improvement in WLs of spatial search strategies and the preservation in NIs and the increase in Is of a focused and protract research of the escape point. Our findings suggest that late-life EE prevents spatial learning and memory decline in still cognitively preserved animals and stimulates residual functional reserve in already cognitively compromised animals. Future research should focus on individually tailored stimulation protocols to improve their effect and afford a better understanding of the underlying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Balietti
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Arianna Pugliese
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Fiorenzo Conti
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy; Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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9
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Cherrier MM, Higano CS. Impact of androgen deprivation therapy on mood, cognition, and risk for AD. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Qiu J, Sun H, Zhong C, Ma Q, Wang C, Zhou X, Ma Y. Reclassified cognitive leisure activity and risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults aged ≥80 years: A 16‐year prospective cohort study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19:1041-1047. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Qiu
- Department of Child Health Care and Social Medicine, School of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Hongpeng Sun
- Department of Child Health Care and Social Medicine, School of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Chongke Zhong
- Department of Child Health Care and Social Medicine, School of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- Department of Prevention and Health ProtectionThe 3rd People's Hospital of Xiangcheng District Suzhou China
| | - Congju Wang
- Department of Chronic Disease ManagementCenters for Disease Control and Prevention of Suzhou High‐tech Zone Suzhou China
| | - Xufeng Zhou
- Department of Group HealthJiangyin Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Yana Ma
- Department of Child Health Care and Social Medicine, School of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow University Suzhou China
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Li X, Yang L, Yin J, Yu N, Ye F. Validation Study of the Chinese Version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III for Diagnosing Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia. J Clin Neurol 2019; 15:313-320. [PMID: 31286702 PMCID: PMC6620441 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2019.15.3.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose There are only a few cognitive screening tests for the Chinese-speaking population, and so this study aimed to validate the Chinese version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia. Its diagnostic accuracy was compared with the Chinese versions of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Methods The 176 included individuals were divided into 3 groups: mild dementia group, MCI group, and normal control group. MMSE, MoCA, and ACE-III were administered to all participants by researchers who were blinded to the clinical grouping. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed. Results ACE-III exhibited good internal consistency and convergent validity. Age and education level significantly influenced the total ACE-III scores. When screening MCI, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was significantly larger for ACE-III than for MMSE (0.88 vs. 0.72, p<0.05) and MoCA (0.88 vs. 0.76, p<0.05). ACE-III showed higher sensitivity (0.75) and specificity (0.89) than MMSE (0.64 and 0.63, respectively) and MoCA (0.67 and 0.77) at the optimal cutoff score of 88/89. For detecting mild dementia, ACE-III yielded satisfactory sensitivity (0.94) and specificity (0.83) at the optimal cutoff score of 74/75. The AUC of ACE-III was 0.95, which was comparable to those of MMSE (0.95) and MoCA (0.91). In participants with ≥12 years of education, the AUC was significantly larger for ACE-III than for MMSE when detecting MCI (0.90 vs. 0.68, p<0.05) and mild dementia (0.97 vs. 0.90, p<0.05). Conclusions The present study has verified that ACE-III is a reliable and accurate tool for screening MCI and mild dementia in the Chinese-speaking population, and is significantly superior to MMSE and MoCA for detecting MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Li
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Department of Neurology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Department of Neurology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Department of Neurology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Nengwei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Department of Neurology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Department of Neurology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Sint A, Baumbach SF, Böcker W, Kammerlander C, Kanz KG, Braunstein M, Polzer H. Influence of age and level of activity on the applicability of a walker orthosis - a prospective study in different cohorts of healthy volunteers. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:453. [PMID: 30579348 PMCID: PMC6303910 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Walker orthosis are frequently prescribed as they are removable to allow wound control, body care and physiotherapy and are adaptable to the soft tissue conditions. The prerequisite for successful treatment with any walker orthosis is a correct use by the patient. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate patients’ handling of a commonly used walker. Methods Prospective observational study analyzing the applicability of a walker orthosis in different cohorts with varying age and level of activity. Volunteers were recruited from a mountain-biking-team (Sport), a cardiovascular-health-sports-group (Cardio) and a retirement home (Senior). The correct application was assessed following initial training (t0) and one week later (t1). Outcome parameters were an Application Score, strap tightness, vertical heel lift-off and subjective judgement of correct application. Results Thirty-three volunteers, 11 Sports group (31 ± 7a), 12 Cardio group (59 ± 11a), 10 Senior group, (82 ± 5a) were enrolled. No differences for any parameter could be observed between t0 and t1. Age showed a moderate correlation for all outcome parameters and the cohort influenced all variables. The Senior group presented significant inferior results to the Sport- and Cardio group for the Application Score (p = 0.002-p < 0.001) and strap tightness (p < 0.001). Heel lift-off was significantly inferior in the Cardio- and Senior- compared to the Sport group (p = 0.003-p < 0.001). 14% in the Sport-, 4% in the Cardio- and 83% in the Senior group achieved less than 9 points in the Application Score – which was considered insufficient. However, out of these 90% believed the application to be correct. Conclusions The elderly cohort living in a retirement home demonstrated an impaired handling of the walker orthosis. Further, participants were incapable to self-assess the correct handling. These aspects should be respected when initiating treatment with a walker orthosis. Trial registration Retrospectively registered on the 16th of February 2018: #DRKS00013728 on DRKS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12891-018-2366-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Sint
- Department of General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Transplant- Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Felix Baumbach
- Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Nussbaumstr 20, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Böcker
- Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Nussbaumstr 20, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kammerlander
- Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Nussbaumstr 20, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Georg Kanz
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mareen Braunstein
- Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Nussbaumstr 20, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Polzer
- Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Nussbaumstr 20, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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Rizkalla MN. Cognitive training in the elderly: a randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of a self-administered cognitive training program. Aging Ment Health 2018; 22:1384-1394. [PMID: 26644269 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1118679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of a self-administered cognitive training program for improving cognition in normal elderly persons. METHOD A multisite, randomized control, double-blind trial was conducted with 28 experimental participants (Mage = 70.7 ± 8.89) and 28 active controls (Mage = 74.4 ± 9.39). Treatment conditions: experimental intervention (EI) consisted of three modules: (1) executive functioning, (2) memory, and (3) emotion training. Active control (AC) consisted of word searches, reading short stories, and answering multiple-choice questions. Treatments were self-administered one hour/five days a week for four weeks. Pre-and post-training neuropsychological outcome measures were utilized as determinants of program success. RESULTS Compared to the AC group, the EI group displayed significant gains on targeted executive (p = .002) and memory (p < .001) composites, but not the emotion (p = .105) composite. Training-induced benefits were also observed for the EI group on untrained items within global cognition (BCRS, p = .002) and functional abilities (DAD, p < .001; FRS, p = .042). The percentage of participants who showed reliable performance improvements was greater for the EI than AC on executive (55.5% vs. 12.5%), memory (55% vs. 19.5%) and functional (41% vs. 7.5%) ability. Participant recruitment and compliance rates were enhanced by the involvement of a physician. CONCLUSION Results support the efficacy of self-directed cognitive training in reliably improving cognitive and functional abilities in normal older adults. While physicians are critical in enhancing the delivery of regimented treatment, the present study illustrates the potential for self-directed prophylactic training in deterring the development of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille N Rizkalla
- a Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine , Midwestern University , Downers Grove , IL , USA
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Li Y, Fang X, Zhao WG, Chen Y, Hu SL. A Risk Factor Analysis of Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Patients with Chronic Diseases in a Chinese Population. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:4549-4558. [PMID: 28937972 PMCID: PMC5683677 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study analyzed the risk factors of cognitive impairment (CI) in elderly patients with chronic diseases. Material/Methods In total of 385 elderly patients with chronic diseases were selected and assigned into CI and normal groups. The activities of daily living (ADL), global deterioration scale (GDS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA), and mini nutritional assessment (MNA) were performed to analyze the differences between the 2 groups. Logistic regression analysis was conducted for risk factors of CI in elderly patients with chronic diseases. Results There were differences in age, education level, type 2 diabetes mellitus, multifocal cerebral infarction, hearing, and eyesight between CI and normal groups. Patients in the CI group showed more CD4+ cells, more admission times, and higher GDS scores than the normal group. Also, MMSE and MoCA scores revealed differences in total score, directive force, attention and calculating ability, language, delayed memory, reading comprehension, writing, and visual-spatial ability between the 2 groups. The number of B and CD8+ cells, ADL, and MNA scores were protective factors, while cerebral infarction history, number of CD4+ cells, admission times, GDS score, and age were risk factors of CI in elderly patients with chronic diseases. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that cerebral infarction history, number of CD4+ cells, admission times, GDS score, and age are risk factors of CI in elderly patients with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Department of Gerontology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Geriatric Healthcare Unit 5, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Geriatric Healthcare Unit 5, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Wei-Gang Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Healthcare Unit 5, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Geriatric Healthcare Unit 5, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Shi-Lian Hu
- Department of Gerontology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland).,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
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15
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Huang H, Zheng T, Liu F, Wu Z, Liang H, Wang S. Orthostatic Hypotension Predicts Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: Findings from a Cohort Study. Front Neurol 2017; 8:121. [PMID: 28421033 PMCID: PMC5377264 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a known risk factor for cerebral ischemia, but its correlation with cognitive impairment (CI) is not well established. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between OH and CI in the elderly. METHODS The study group consisted of 44 OH patients who presented with drowsiness, vertigo, and fatigue between January 2009 and December 2011 (OH group). Eighty-eight healthy elderly were paired with those in the OH group in a 1:2 based on their education levels (NOH group). Baseline sociodemographic information and cognition-related measures were collected for both groups. Cognitive function was assessed 4 years later using MMSE. RESULTS The overall incidence of CI was 14.0% among the 114 subjects who completed the follow-up assessment. There was a significant difference in the incidence of CI between the OH group (23.7%) and the NOH group (9.2%) (χ2 = 4.399, P = 0.036). After excluding the influence of age (OR = 1.199, 95% CI: 1.072-1.340, P = 0.001) and education years (OR = 0.568, 95% CI: 0.371-0.869, P = 0.009), OH (OR = 4.047, 95% CI: 1.144-14.313, P = 0.030) became an independent risk factor for CI. CONCLUSION OH can lead to CI. We suggest that future studies, with a larger sample size, use OH exposure time instead of OH exposure population to verify the conclusion of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Huang
- Department of Neurology, North Sichuan Branch of Shanghai No.1 People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianheng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, North Sichuan Branch of Shanghai No.1 People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhuoli Wu
- Department of Neurology, North Sichuan Branch of Shanghai No.1 People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huazheng Liang
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaoshi Wang
- Department of Neurology, North Sichuan Branch of Shanghai No.1 People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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