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Machaalani M, Eid M, Semaan K, El Hajj Chehade R, Nawfal R, Baca SC, Choueiri TK. Liquid biopsy in renal cell carcinoma. Oncologist 2024:oyae230. [PMID: 39187381 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This commentary focuses on the article by Correa et al on the association of circulating tumor DNA with patient prognosis in renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Eid
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karl Semaan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Rashad Nawfal
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sylvan C Baca
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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2
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Gerke MB, Jansen CS, Bilen MA. Circulating Tumor DNA in Genitourinary Cancers: Detection, Prognostics, and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2280. [PMID: 38927984 PMCID: PMC11201475 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
CtDNA is emerging as a non-invasive clinical detection method for several cancers, including genitourinary (GU) cancers such as prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). CtDNA assays have shown promise in early detection of GU cancers, providing prognostic information, assessing real-time treatment response, and detecting residual disease and relapse. The ease of obtaining a "liquid biopsy" from blood or urine in GU cancers enhances its potential to be used as a biomarker. Interrogating these "liquid biopsies" for ctDNA can then be used to detect common cancer mutations, novel genomic alterations, or epigenetic modifications. CtDNA has undergone investigation in numerous clinical trials, which could address clinical needs in GU cancers, for instance, earlier detection in RCC, therapeutic response prediction in castration-resistant prostate cancer, and monitoring for recurrence in bladder cancers. The utilization of liquid biopsy for ctDNA analysis provides a promising method of advancing precision medicine within the field of GU cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo B. Gerke
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (M.B.G.); (C.S.J.)
| | - Caroline S. Jansen
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (M.B.G.); (C.S.J.)
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mehmet A. Bilen
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Lyskjær I, Iisager L, Axelsen CT, Nielsen TK, Dyrskjøt L, Fristrup N. Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma: Promising Biomarkers and the Challenges to Reach the Clinic. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:663-672. [PMID: 37874628 PMCID: PMC10870122 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasing worldwide, yet research within this field is lagging behind other cancers. Despite increased detection of early disease as a consequence of the widespread use of diagnostic CT scans, 25% of patients have disseminated disease at diagnosis. Similarly, around 25% progress to metastatic disease following curatively intended surgery. Surgery is the cornerstone in the treatment of RCC; however, when the disease is disseminated, immunotherapy or immunotherapy in combination with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor is the patient's best option. Immunotherapy is a potent treatment, with durable treatment responses and potential to cure the patient, but only half of the patients benefit from the administered treatment, and there are currently no methods that can identify which patients will respond to immunotherapy. Moreover, there is a need to identify the patients in greatest risk of relapsing after surgery for localized disease and direct adjuvant treatment there. Even though several molecular biomarkers have been published to date, we are still lacking routinely used biomarkers to guide optimal clinical management. The purpose of this review is to highlight some of the most promising biomarkers, discuss the efforts made within this field to date, and describe the barriers needed to be overcome to have reliable and robust predictive and prognostic biomarkers in the clinic for renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iben Lyskjær
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura Iisager
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Fristrup
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Rausch T, Snajder R, Leger A, Simovic M, Giurgiu M, Villacorta L, Henssen AG, Fröhling S, Stegle O, Birney E, Bonder MJ, Ernst A, Korbel JO. Long-read sequencing of diagnosis and post-therapy medulloblastoma reveals complex rearrangement patterns and epigenetic signatures. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100281. [PMID: 37082141 PMCID: PMC10112291 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer genomes harbor a broad spectrum of structural variants (SVs) driving tumorigenesis, a relevant subset of which escape discovery using short-read sequencing. We employed Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long-read sequencing in a paired diagnostic and post-therapy medulloblastoma to unravel the haplotype-resolved somatic genetic and epigenetic landscape. We assembled complex rearrangements, including a 1.55-Mbp chromothripsis event, and we uncover a complex SV pattern termed templated insertion (TI) thread, characterized by short (mostly <1 kb) insertions showing prevalent self-concatenation into highly amplified structures of up to 50 kbp in size. TI threads occur in 3% of cancers, with a prevalence up to 74% in liposarcoma, and frequent colocalization with chromothripsis. We also perform long-read-based methylome profiling and discover allele-specific methylation (ASM) effects, complex rearrangements exhibiting differential methylation, and differential promoter methylation in cancer-driver genes. Our study shows the advantage of long-read sequencing in the discovery and characterization of complex somatic rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Rausch
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), GeneCore, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rene Snajder
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty for Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- HIDSS4Health, Helmholtz Information and Data Science School for Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrien Leger
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Milena Simovic
- Group “Genome Instability in Tumors,” German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mădălina Giurgiu
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the Max Delbrück Center (MDC) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Villacorta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), GeneCore, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anton G. Henssen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the Max Delbrück Center (MDC) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ewan Birney
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelie Ernst
- Group “Genome Instability in Tumors,” German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan O. Korbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Bridging Research Division on Mechanisms of Genomic Variation and Data Science, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
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Koudonas A, Papaioannou M, Kampantais S, Anastasiadis A, Hatzimouratidis K, Dimitriadis G. Methylation of PCDH17 and NEFH as prognostic biomarker for nonmetastatic RCC: A cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29599. [PMID: 35838992 PMCID: PMC11132415 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation makes up a main part of the molecular mechanism of cancer evolution and has shown promising results in the prognosis of renal cell cancer (RCC). In this study, we investigated the possible association of promoter methylation of PCDH17, NEFH, RASSF1A, and FHIT, genes with the prognosis of nonmetastatic RCC patients. Cancerous and normal adjacent tissues from surgical specimens of 41 patients with long follow-up were treated for DNA isolation and bisulfite conversion. The gene promoter methylation was determined with quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for paired methylation comparisons, while univariate linear regression and Mann-Whitney test were applied for associating methylation status with clinical and disease characteristics. Cox regression proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier plots were used for survival analyses in reference to methylation status. Paired comparisons showed tissue-specific hypermethylation for PCDH17 (P < .001), NEFH (P < .001), RASSF1A (P = .032), while a positive association of methylation in normal tissues with age was demonstrated for PCDH17 (P < .001), RASSF1A (P < .001), FHIT (P < .001). PCDH17 was more methylated in cases with clear cell RCC (P = .015) and high-grade tumor (P = .013), while NEFH methylation was higher in locally advanced cases (P = .032). PCDH17 hypermethylation in cancerous and normal tissues was linked to shorter disease-specific survival (DSS, P = .026, P = .004), disease-free survival (DFS, P = .004, P = .019) while NEFH hypermethylation in cancerous tissues was related to shorter DSS (P = .032). Increased methylation difference of NEFH was also associated with shorter DSS (P = .041) and DFS (P = .020), while the corresponding parameter for PCDH17 was associated with poor DFS (P = .014). Kaplan-Meier curves for hypermethylation in cancer tissues demonstrated different clinical courses for PCDH17 (P = .017), NEFH (P = .023) regarding DSS, and PCDH17 (P = .001) regarding DFS. Our study not only highlights the prognostic value of promoter methylation of PCDH17 and NEFH in cancer tissues but also is the first report of the prognostic value of methylation alterations in normal tissues. Our findings are the first report of the prognostic value of methylation alterations in normal tissues, which can contribute to improved assessment of recurrence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Koudonas
- First Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyridon Kampantais
- First Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Anastasiadis
- First Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Dimitriadis
- First Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma. A Systematic Review of the Literature. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022; 37:27-35. [PMID: 35106503 PMCID: PMC8784339 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Over the past decade there has been increasing interest in the potential of liquid biopsies and systematic biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of kidney cancer, as they may provide a tool for early detection of disease and monitoring of treatment response. Objective To identify and summarize relevant published data on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Evidence acquisition We performed a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement of studies identified in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library up to January 15, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened all articles and performed the data extraction. Evidence synthesis Nineteen studies investigating ctDNA in RCC (1237 patients) were included and analyzed in the final review. The study size and design varied widely, and the studies were divided into five groups according to the method used for ctDNA detection. The outcome data included (1) the sensitivity/specificity if available; (2) the method used for ctDNA detection; and (3) the main findings in the studies. Conclusions The studies highlight that the level of ctDNA in RCC appears to be low. Studies using multiple methods for ctDNA detection indicate that tumor-guided analysis improves the ctDNA detection rate and suggest that cell-free methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing may be a very sensitive method for ctDNA detection in RCC. Patient summary We systematically reviewed the literature to identify all relevant studies investigating circulating tumor DNA in patients with kidney cancer to investigate its use and potential in this highly malignant disease. We found that the level of circulating tumor DNA is low in kidney cancer and that very sensitive methods have to be used for detection in this disease.
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Epigenetic Biomarkers of Renal Cell Carcinoma for Liquid Biopsy Tests. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168846. [PMID: 34445557 PMCID: PMC8396354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) account for 2–3% of the global cancer burden and are characterized by the highest mortality rate among all genitourinary cancers. However, excluding conventional imagining approaches, there are no reliable diagnostic and prognostic tools available for clinical use at present. Liquid biopsies, such as urine, serum, and plasma, contain a significant amount of tumor-derived nucleic acids, which may serve as non-invasive biomarkers that are particularly useful for early cancer detection, follow-up, and personalization of treatment. Changes in epigenetic phenomena, such as DNA methylation level, expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are observed early during cancer development and are easily detectable in biofluids when morphological changes are still undetermined by conventional diagnostic tools. Here, we reviewed recent advances made in the development of liquid biopsy-derived DNA methylation-, miRNAs- and lncRNAs-based biomarkers for RCC, with an emphasis on the performance characteristics. In the last two decades, a mass of circulating epigenetic biomarkers of RCC were suggested, however, most of the studies done thus far analyzed biomarkers selected from the literature, used relatively miniature, local, and heterogeneous cohorts, and suffered from a lack of sufficient validations. In summary, for improved translation into the clinical setting, there is considerable demand for the validation of the existing pool of RCC biomarkers and the discovery of novel ones with better performance and clinical utility.
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Lin Y, Yin P, Zhu Z, Peng Y, Li M, Li J, Liang L, Yu X. Epigenome-wide association study and network analysis for IgA Nephropathy from CD19 + B-cell in Chinese Population. Epigenetics 2021; 16:1283-1294. [PMID: 33319642 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1861171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease in China and worldwide. The proliferation of B cells is known to be associated with both risk and prognosis of IgAN, but the epigenetic mechanism underlying this association is unknown. In this study we carried out the first Epigenome-wide Association Study (EWAS) by using the latest Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip on 184 B cell-specific samples (92 case/control pairs) for Chinese IgAN population. After rigorous data normalization and residual batch effect correction, linear mixed effect model was used to detect methylation CpG sites associated with IgAN adjusting for age, gender and smoking. False discovery rate (FDR) less than 10% was used to account for multiple testing. Weighted gene co-methylation networks were generated to identify gene modules highly correlated with IgAN. A permutation test was performed to account for the potential effect of overfitting. After adjusting clinical covariates and potential technical batch effects, three CpGs corresponding to PCDH17, TERT, WDR82 genes and three in the intergenic regions passed the genome-wide significant threshold. Methylation network analysis identified an additional IgAN associated gene module, containing 72 significant CpGs including GALNT6, IQSEC1, CDC16 and SYS1, involved in the pathway related to tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis of IgAN. These results suggested important DNA methylation and gene targets in CD19+ B cells for the pathogenesis of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Lin
- Precision Medicine Center, Department of Urology, Medical Device Regulatory Research and Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peiran Yin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaozhong Zhu
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Dai J, Yuan G, Li Y, Zhou H. MicroRNA-596 is epigenetically inactivated and suppresses prostatic cancer cell growth and migration via regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1394-1404. [PMID: 33387246 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although studies have reported that miR-596 extensively participates in multiple cancer progression, the biological mechanisms and effects of miR-596 in prostatic cancer remain unclear. The literature is aimed to reveal the function and possible molecular mechanisms of miR-596 in prostatic cancer carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS qRT-PCR was applied to examine miR-596 expression in prostatic cancer cell lines and samples, also methylation-specific PCR was used to detect the methylation status of the promoter CpG islands in prostatic cancer samples. Meanwhile, the tumor-related effects of miR-596 were detected via cell viability, clone formation assay, migration assay, flow cytometric and AO/EB assay. qRT-PCR and Western blots were applied to investigate the function of miR-596 on malignant behavior in prostatic cancer cells. RESULTS We found that miR-596 mRNA was decreased in prostatic cancer samples and cell lines. miR-596 mRNA level was also correlated to cancer stage, Gleason scores, while miR-596 promoter methylation was related to cancer tumor stage, Gleason score and preoperative PSA levels. miR-596 inhibited the cell growth and activity by causing cell apoptosis, and also suppressed the migration of prostatic cancer cells by revealing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. In addition, Western blot indicates that miR-596 overexpression deregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, by restraining phosphorylation levels of β-catenin and expression levels of downstream targets. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this research indicates that miR-596 overexpression could be potentially useful in the cell growth and migration of prostatic cancer and serves as a potential molecular marker in prostatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dai
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - G Yuan
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Li
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - H Zhou
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
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Dutra TTB, Bezerra TMM, Luna ECM, Carvalho FSR, Chaves FN, Barros Silva PGD, Costa FWG, Pereira KMA. Do Protocadherins Show Prognostic Value in the Carcinogenesis of Human Malignant Neoplasms? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3677-3688. [PMID: 33369468 PMCID: PMC8046292 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.12.3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Protocadherins (PCDHs) have been reported as tumor suppressor genes, implying that these genes may be involved in tumor suppression in a variety of cancers. However, a thorough understanding of the functions and mechanisms of PCDHs remains limited. Our aim was to investigate the methylation profile of PCDHs in human malignant neoplasms. Methods: This systematic review has been recorded in PROSPERO (#42019117844) and conducted according to PRISMA’s checklist; search was conducted in LILACS, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, manually, with search queries and without date or language restrictions. Results: We found 91 articles, of which 26 were used for this meta-analysis and categorized according to the origin of the neoplasia. In total, 3,377 cases were compiled, with PCDH10, PCDH17, and PCDH8 being the most studied; males were 2.22 times more affected than females. Studies have shown significant heterogeneity (p <0.001), with the odds ratio varying between cases and controls [2.20 (95% CI = 1.11– 4.35) to 209.05 (95% CI = 12.64– 2,457.18)], and the value of association between methylation and cancers studied was 26.08 (95% CI = 15.42–44.13). Conclusion: In this systematic review, we have demonstrated using meta-analysis that PCDHs could emerge as potential tumor suppressor genes and that a significant increase in methylation may be useful for early detection of different cancers. This work may help in the identification of new prognostic biomarkers in malignant neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Torres Barros Dutra
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Thâmara Manoela Marinho Bezerra
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ealber Carvalho Macêdo Luna
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Filipe Nobre Chaves
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceara, Campus Sobral, Sobral, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Wildson Gurgel Costa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Peters I, Merseburger AS, Tezval H, Lafos M, Tabrizi PF, Mazdak M, Wolters M, Kuczyk MA, Serth J, von Klot CA. The Prognostic Value of DNA Methylation Markers in Renal Cell Cancer: A Systematic Review. KIDNEY CANCER 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/kca-190069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Peters
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hossein Tezval
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcel Lafos
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pouriya Faraj Tabrizi
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Mazdak
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Wolters
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus A. Kuczyk
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Serth
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Yang F, Liu D, Deng Y, Wang J, Mei S, Ge S, Li H, Zhang C, Zhang T. Frequent promoter methylation of HOXD10 in endometrial carcinoma and its pathological significance. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3602-3608. [PMID: 32269635 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeobox D 10 (HOXD10) is important in cell differentiation and morphogenesis and serves as a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) in a number of malignancies. The present study investigated its promoter methylation status and association with the clinicopathological features of endometrial cancer (EC), and measured HOXD10 protein expression levels. EC samples (n=62), including 50 endometroid adenocarcinoma (EA) and 12 mucinous endometrial carcinoma samples (EC) and 70 non-cancerous samples were collected. All samples were evaluated for the methylation status of several TSGs, including HOXD10, using methylation-specific PCR. HOXD10 expression level was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment was performed in the EC cell line Ishikawa to observe the change in HOXD10 expression levels. HOXD10 promoter methylation was more frequent in cancer samples (P<0.001). Downregulation of HOXD10 in EC samples was confirmed at the protein level using immunohistochemistry (P<0.001) and immunohistochemical staining was negatively associated with methylation status (P<0.05). Less HOXD10 protein was expressed in MEC compared with EA samples (P<0.001). The HOXD10 promoter was hypermethylated in both EA and MEC, causing decreased HOXD10 protein expression levels in EC cells. HOXD10 expression levels were partially reversed by 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment. The results of the present study demonstrated that epigenetic silencing of HOXD10 putatively contributed to the tumorigenesis of EA. Although there was no significant difference in HOXD10 methylation between EA and MEC, HOXD10 protein expression levels differed between these two diseases, indicating that it may be a useful protein biomarker for distinguishing between these two lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Dongchen Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Deng
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Mei
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Ge
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hailing Li
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Cuijuan Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tingguo Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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13
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Li P, Liu J, Li J, Liu P. DNA methylation of CRB3 is a prognostic biomarker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4377-4383. [PMID: 31147860 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that CRB3 protein expression was reduced in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and was associated with TNM stage, pathological grade, and poor prognosis of ccRCC. This study aimed to investigate if DNA methylation of CRB3 decreases its expression, subsequently leading to the progression and poor prognosis of ccRCC. Data for DNA methylation of CRB3, CRB3 mRNA expression, and ccRCC clinicopathological parameters were extracted from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. The relationships among DNA methylation of CRB3, CRB3 mRNA expression, and ccRCC clinicopathological parameters were analyzed using UALCAN, MethHC, LinkedOmics, and Wanderer. We found that CRB3 mRNA levels were lower in ccRCC compared to normal tissues. Methylation of CRB3 increased in ccRCC, with all probes showing differences between ccRCC and normal tissues. Furthermore, CRB3 DNA methylation negatively correlated with CRB3 mRNA expression. CRB3 DNA methylation was also related to pathologic stage, T stage, N stage, and M stage of ccRCC. Overall survival was shorter in ccRCC patients with high CRB3 DNA methylation compared to ccRCC patients with low CRB3 DNA methylation. Methylation of cg24798010, a CRB3 probe, was related to laterality, pathologic stage, T stage, M stage, neoplasm-histologic-grade without N stage, and race. Furthermore, treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor Decitabine resulted in the upregulation of CRB3 mRNA in ccRCC cell lines. These results indicate that DNA methylation of CRB3 may be both a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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14
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Yu DP, Zhou Y. Astrocyte Elevated Gene 1 (AEG-1) Acts as a Promoter Gene in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Growth and Metastasis. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8213-8223. [PMID: 30431025 PMCID: PMC6253984 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is usually incurable once it progresses to metastatic stage. Hence, in-depth investigations to reveal the precise molecular mechanisms behind the metastasis of ccRCC are required to improve the therapeutic outcome of ccRCC. Material/Methods The level of astrocyte elevated gene 1 (AEG-1) in ccRCC tissues and cell lines was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay. The MTS, colony formation, wound-healing, and Transwell invasion assays were used to assess the role of AEG-1 in ccRCC cells growth, migration, and invasion in vitro, respectively. Xenograft model and lung metastasis models were constructed to analyze the functions of AEG-1 in ccRCC cells growth and metastasis in vivo. Result We found that AEG-1 was overexpressed in ccRCC and was associated with the progression of ccRCC. Knocked-down AEG-1 impaired the migration and invasion of ccRCC cells in vitro. Furthermore, under-expression of AEG-1 caused complete inhibition of ccRCC cells growth and metastasis in vivo. In contrast, overexpression of AEG-1 significantly increased the migration and invasion ability of ccRCC cells in vitro. Finally, we revealed that AEG-1 boosted the metastatic ability of ccRCC cells via regulating Notch homolog 1 (Notch1). Conclusions The AEG-1/Notch1 signaling axis plays a vital role in ccRCC cell growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Peng Yu
- Department of Surgical Urology, The First People's Hospital of Jining City, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Surgical Urology, Wenshang County's First People's Hospital, Wenshang, Shandong, China (mainland)
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15
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Yang S, Dai Z, Li W, Wang R, Huang D. Aberrant promoter methylation reduced the expression of protocadherin 17 in nasopharyngeal cancer. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:364-368. [PMID: 30165032 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of protocadherin 17 (PCDH17) downregulated in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). NPC tumor and adjacent tissue samples were collected from NPC patients who received therapy in the Chinese PLA General Hospital. Meanwhile, a normal epithelial cell lines NP96 and 6 NPC and cell lines C666-1, CEN1, CEN2, HNE1, HEN2, and HONE1 were prepared. Then, the expression level of PCDH17 and the methylation level of PCDH17 promoter in both tissues samples and cell lines were determined using the PCR method. Moreover, PCDH17 was overexpressed in CNE2 and HONE1 using Lipo2000. Following this, the proliferation and apoptosis of CNE2 and HONE1 were assessed using MTT and flow cytometry. The expression of PCDH17 was significantly downregulated in NPC tissues compared with the adjacent tissues as well as in the NPC cell lines compared with the normal NP96 cells. Overexpressed PCDH17 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of CNE2 and HONE1 cells but obviously promote the apoptosis of these two cell lines. Aberrant hypermethylation in the promoter might be the explanation of PCDH17 downregulated in PCDH17 and promoted the development of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853
| | - Zhirao Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853
| | - Rongguan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853
| | - Dongyan Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 100853
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16
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Byzia E, Soloch N, Bodnar M, Szaumkessel M, Kiwerska K, Kostrzewska-Poczekaj M, Jarmuz-Szymczak M, Szylberg L, Wierzbicka M, Bartochowska A, Kalinowicz E, Grenman R, Szyfter K, Marszalek A, Giefing M. Recurrent transcriptional loss of the PCDH17 tumor suppressor in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is partially mediated by aberrant promoter DNA methylation. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:878-885. [PMID: 29566279 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protocadherins are cell-cell adhesion molecules encoded by a large family of genes. Recent reports demonstrate recurrent silencing of protocadherin genes in tumors and provide strong arguments for their tumor supresor functionality. Loss of protocadherins may contribute to cancer development not only by altering cell-cell adhesion, that is a hallmark of cancer, but also by enhancing proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition of cells via deregulation of the WNT signaling pathway. In this study we have further corroborated our previous findings on the involvement of PCDH17 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). We used bisulfite pyrosequencing to analyze a cohort of primary LSCC tumors for alterations in PCDH17 promoter DNA methylation as an alternative gene inactivation mechanism to the homozygous deletions reported earlier. Moreover, we analyzed primary LSCC samples by immunohistochemistry for PCDH17 protein loss. We identified recurrent elevation of PCDH17 promoter DNA methylation in 32/81 (40%) primary tumors (P < 0.001) and therein hypermethylation of 12 (15%) cases in contrast to no tumor controls (n = 24) that were all unmethylated. Importantly, DNA demethylation by decitabine has restored low level PCDH17 expression in LSCC cell lines. In conclusion, we provide a mechanistic explanation of recurrently observed PCDH17 silencing in LSCC by demonstrating the role of promoter methylation in this process. In light of these findings and recent reports showing that PCDH17 methylation is detectable in serum of cancer patients we suggest that testing PCDH17 DNA methylation might serve as a potential biomarker in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Byzia
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Soloch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Kiwerska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Tumor Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Malgorzata Jarmuz-Szymczak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Wierzbicka
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Bartochowska
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kalinowicz
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Reidar Grenman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, -Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Central Hospital and Turku University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Turku University Central Hospital and Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Krzysztof Szyfter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszalek
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Giefing
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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17
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Jiang LT, Wan CH, Guo QH, Yang SJ, Wu JD, Cai J. Long Noncoding RNA Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) Promotes Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression via Sponging miRNA-429. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1794-1801. [PMID: 29588438 PMCID: PMC5887685 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is closely correlated with the tumorigenesis of multiple cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the potential functional mechanism is still elusive. Material/Methods In our present research, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed for the measurement of MALAT1 and miR-429. CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay were performed for the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of RCC cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the interaction within MALAT1 and miR-429. Results Data found that MALAT1 was overexpressed in RCC clinical samples and cell lines. Moreover, loss-of-functional experiments showed that MALAT1 knockdown suppress the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of RCC cells. RT-PCR showed that miR-429 expression was downregulated in RCC cell lines, which was negatively correlated with that of MALAT1. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that miR-429 had complementary binding sequences with MALAT1, which was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Conclusions In summary, our results concluded that MALAT1 functioned as an oncogene in RCC by sponging miR-429, acting as its competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Tao Jiang
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Chun-Hua Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Qing-Hao Guo
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Shi-Jiang Yang
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jing-Dong Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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