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Li Q, Ding J, Xia B, Liu K, Zheng K, Wu J, Huang C, Yuan X, You Q. L-theanine alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis through activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in mice. Mol Med 2024; 30:98. [PMID: 38943069 PMCID: PMC11214244 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-theanine is a unique non-protein amino acid in tea that is widely used as a safe food additive. We investigated the cardioprotective effects and mechanisms of L-theanine in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). METHODS The cardioprotective effects and mechanisms of L-theanine and the role of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling were investigated in MIRI mice using measures of cardiac function, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. RESULTS Administration of L-theanine (10 mg/kg, once daily) suppressed the MIRI-induced increase in infarct size and serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels, as well as MIRI-induced cardiac apoptosis, as evidenced by an increase in Bcl-2 expression and a decrease in Bax/caspase-3 expression. Administration of L-theanine also decreased the levels of parameters reflecting oxidative stress, such as dihydroethidium, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide, and increased the levels of parameters reflecting anti-oxidation, such as total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in ischemic heart tissue. Further analysis showed that L-theanine administration suppressed the MIRI-induced decrease of phospho-JAK2 and phospho-STAT3 in ischemic heart tissue. Inhibition of JAK2 by AG490 (5 mg/kg, once daily) abolished the cardioprotective effect of L-theanine, suggesting that the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway may play an essential role in mediating the anti-I/R effect of L-theanine. CONCLUSIONS L-theanine administration suppresses cellular apoptosis and oxidative stress in part via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby attenuating MIRI-induced cardiac injury. L-theanine could be developed as a potential drug to alleviate cardiac damage in MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, #20 Xishi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, #20 Xishi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Boyu Xia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, #20 Xishi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, #20 Xishi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Koulong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qingsheng You
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, #20 Xishi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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García-Niño WR, Correa F, Zúñiga-Muñoz AM, José-Rodríguez A, Castañeda-Gómez P, Mejía-Díaz E. L-theanine abates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by positively regulating the antioxidant response. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 486:116940. [PMID: 38677602 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
L-theanine (L-THE), a non-protein amino acid isolated from Camelia sinensis, has antioxidant properties that could prevent oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction generated by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. The present study aimed to identify the effects of pretreatment with L-THE in rat hearts undergoing I/R. Wistar rats received vehicle or 250 mg/Kg L-THE intragastrically for 10 days. On day 11, hearts were removed under anesthesia and exposed to I/R injury in the Langendorff system. Measurement of left ventricular developed pressure and heart rate ex vivo demonstrates that L-THE prevents I/R-induced loss of cardiac function. Consequently, the infarct size of hearts subjected to I/R was significantly decreased when L-THE was administered. L-THE also mitigated I/R-induced oxidative injury in cardiac tissue by decreasing reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels, while increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, SOD and CAT. Additionally, L-THE prevents oxidative phosphorylation breakdown and loss of inner mitochondrial membrane potential caused by I/R, restoring oxygen consumption levels, increasing respiratory control and phosphorylation efficiency, as well as buffering calcium overload. Finally, L-THE modifies the expression of genes involved in the antioxidant response through the overexpression of SOD1, SOD2 and CAT; as well as the transcriptional factors PPARα and Nrf2 in hearts undergoing I/R. In conclusion, L-THE confers cardioprotection against I/R injury by preventing oxidative stress, protecting mitochondrial function, and promoting overexpression of antioxidant genes. More studies are needed to place L-THE at the forefront of cardiovascular research and recommend its therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylly Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Correa
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Alejandra María Zúñiga-Muñoz
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Aldo José-Rodríguez
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Patricio Castañeda-Gómez
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Edson Mejía-Díaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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Xu W, Xiang X, Lin L, Gong ZH, Xiao WJ. l-Theanine delays d-galactose-induced senescence by regulating the cell cycle and inhibiting apoptosis in rat intestinal cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2073-2084. [PMID: 37919877 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal senescence is associated with several aging-related diseases. l-Theanine (LTA) has demonstrated strong potential as an antioxidant and antisenescence agent. This study investigated the regulatory effect of LTA on cellular senescence using an in vitro model of d-galactose (D-Gal)-induced senescence in the rat epithelial cell line, intestinal epithelioid cell-6 (IEC-6). RESULTS Treatment of IEC-6 cells with 40 mg/mL D-Gal for 48 h resulted in the successful development of the senescent cell model. Compared with D-Gal alone, both LTA preventive and delayed intervention increased cell viability and the ratio of JC-1 monomers to aggregates, increased the antioxidant capacity, and decreased the advanced glycation end product (AGE) levels and the overall number of senescent cells. Preventive and delayed intervention with 1000 μM LTA alleviated the D-Gal-induced cell cycle arrest by regulating p38, p53, CDK4, and CDK6 expression at the mRNA and protein levels, and further induced CycD1 proteins. Moreover, LTA preventive intervention reduced apoptosis to a greater degree than delayed intervention by upregulating the expression of the receptors of AGEs, Bax, Bcl-2, and NF-κB at the mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that LTA intervention could attenuate senescence in IEC-6 cells by regulating the cell cycle and inhibiting apoptosis. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Sino-Kenya Joint Laboratory of Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Xiang
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Sino-Kenya Joint Laboratory of Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Sino-Kenya Joint Laboratory of Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Gong
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Sino-Kenya Joint Laboratory of Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Jun Xiao
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Sino-Kenya Joint Laboratory of Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Luo Q, Luo L, Zhao J, Wang Y, Luo H. Biological Potential and Mechanisms of Tea's Bioactive Compounds in Tea: An Updated Review. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00378-8. [PMID: 38056775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea (Camellia sinensis) has a rich history and is widely consumed across many countries, and is categorized into green tea, white tea, oolong tea, yellow tea, black tea, and dark tea based on the level of fermentation. Based on a review of previous literature, the commonly recognized bioactive substances in tea include tea polyphenols, amino acids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, terpenoids, macro minerals, trace elements, and vitamins, which have been known to have various potential health benefits, such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, and anti-obesity properties, cardiovascular protection, immune regulation, and control of the intestinal microbiota. Most studies have only pointed out the characteristics of tea's bioactivities, so a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms of tea's bioactivities and their use risks are vital. AIM of Review The aim of this paper is to summarize the bioactive substances of tea and their pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms, providing a scientific basis for the application of bioactive substances in tea and outlining future research directions for the study of bioactive substances in tea. Key Scientific Concepts of Review This review summarizes the main biologically active substances, pharmacological effects, and mechanisms and discusses the potential risks. It may help researchers to grasp more comprehensive progress in the study of tea bioactive substances to further promote the application of tea as a natural bioactive substance in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxian Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, P. R. China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Longbiao Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, P. R. China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, P. R. China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China.
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Chen X, Luo D, Jia G, Zhao H, Liu G, Huang Z. L-theanine attenuates porcine intestinal tight junction damage induced by LPS via p38 MAPK/NLRP3 signaling in IPEC-J2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113870. [PMID: 37271275 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
L-theanine is a natural bioactive component in tea leaves and has anti-inflammatory effects. The study aimed to investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of L-theanine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal tight junction damage in IPEC-J2 cells. Results showed that LPS induced tight junction damage by increasing reactive oxygen species production and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and decreasing the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins related genes zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1, also known as Tjp1), Occludin and Claudin-1, while L-theanine reversed such an effect and attenuated the increase of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) mRNA expression. The p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) attenuated the mRNA expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome and interleukin-1β (Il-1β), and increased the mRNA expression of Tjp1, Occludin and Claudin-1, which showed a similar effect with L-theanine. In addition, NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 attenuated the Il-1β expression and LDH release, while increased the expression of tight-junction protein-related genes. In conclusion, L-theanine could protect LPS-induced intestinal tight junction damage by inhibiting the activation of p38 MAPK-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Diaoyun Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China.
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6
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Tan X, Li H, Huang W, Ma W, Lu Y, Yan R. Enzymatic acylation improves the stability and bioactivity of lutein: Protective effects of acylated lutein derivatives on L-O2 cells upon H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress. Food Chem 2023; 410:135393. [PMID: 36621337 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The instability of lutein has limited its wide application especially in the food industry. In this study, enzymatic acylation of lutein with divinyl adipate was investigated. Three new acylated lutein derivatives, lutein-3-O-adipate (compound 1), lutein-3'-O-adipate (compound 2) and lutein-di-adipate (compound 3), were identified and their stabilities and bioactivates were evaluated. Notably, compounds 1-3 showed better thermal, light stability and stronger scavenging capacity to ABTS radical cation (ABTS+) and hydroxyl radical (OH). Most importantly, these acylated lutein derivatives exhibited excellent protective effects on L-O2 cells upon hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. In particular, the acylated lutein derivative termed compound 3 prevented cellular oxidative stress via restraining the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby increasing related antioxidant enzymes activity and inhibiting apoptosis by mitochondria pathway. Our research provides important insights into the application of acylated lutein derivatives in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjia Tan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China; College of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenwen Ma
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore.
| | - Rian Yan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
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7
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Chen S, Kang J, Zhu H, Wang K, Han Z, Wang L, Liu J, Wu Y, He P, Tu Y, Li B. L-Theanine and Immunity: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093846. [PMID: 37175254 PMCID: PMC10179891 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
L-theanine (N-ethyl-γ-glutamine) is the main amino acid in tea leaves. It not only contributes to tea flavor but also possesses several health benefits. Compared with its sedative and calming activities, the immunomodulatory effects of L-theanine have received less attention. Clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that L-theanine reduces immunosuppression caused by strenuous exercise and prevents colds and influenza by improving immunity. Numerous cell and animal studies have proven that theanine plays an immunoregulatory role in inflammation, nerve damage, the intestinal tract, and tumors by regulating γδT lymphocyte function, glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and the secretion of cytokines and neurotransmitters. In addition, theanine can be used as an immunomodulator in animal production. This article reviews the research progress of L-theanine on immunoregulation and related mechanisms, as well as its application in poultry and animal husbandry. It is hoped that this work will be beneficial to future related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Chen
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaxin Kang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huanqing Zhu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kaixi Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ziyi Han
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Leyu Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Puming He
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Youying Tu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Chen X, Chen L, Qin Y, Mao Z, Huang Z, Jia G, Zhao H, Liu G. Dietary L-theanine supplementation improves lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity in weaning piglets. Anim Biotechnol 2022; 33:1407-1415. [PMID: 35852117 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2099883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of dietary L-theanine (LT) supplementation on lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets. Twenty-one castrated DLY weaning piglets were randomly divided into three groups: a basal diet, a basal diet supplemented with 0.05% and 0.1% LT, respectively. Our data showed that dietary LT supplementation decreased T-CHO, TG, LDL-C and apoB levels and increased apoA and HDL-C levels in serum, but decreased the hepatic TG and T-CHO contents. Dietary LT supplementation increased the antioxidant capacity in serum and liver, and significantly increased the Nrf2 mRNA level and the nucleus Nrf2 protein level, but decreased the mRNA level of keap1 in the liver. In addition, dietary LT supplementation significantly increased HSL enzyme activity and the levels of CPT1 and TBA, while decreasing the enzyme activities of LPL and FAS in the liver. Furthermore, the mRNA levels HMG-CoAR, CPT-1a and PPARα and the protein levels of phosphorylated-AMPK and PGC-1α were increased by LT. Together, our data provide the first evidence that dietary supplementation of LT could improve lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity in the liver of weaned piglets, and the effect might be mediated by activation of AMPK and Nrf2 signaling, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaning Qin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyu Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Chen TS, Lai YA, Lai YJ, Chien CT. Adipose stem cells preincubated with theanine exert liver regeneration through increase of stem cell paracrine VEGF and suppression of ROS, pyroptosis as well as autophagy markers in liver damage induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine. Life Sci 2022; 308:120969. [PMID: 36116531 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Liver diseases induce a severe decrease in quality of life. Stem cell based therapy shows therapeutic potential in the treatment of liver injury. Theanine is a unique amino acid found in green tea and could confer beneficial effects on cell protection. This study investigates if protective effect on the liver by stem cells preincubated with theanine is better than that from stem cells without preincubated theanine. METHODS We transplanted theanine preincubated adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) to male Wistar rats with liver dysfunction induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine. The viability, migration and antioxidant capabilities were performed in the ADSC pre-incubated with theanine. Hepatic functional, structural and molecular assays were determined in the animals with or without theanine preincubated ADSC. KEY FINDINGS Cell model revealed that ADSC preincubated with green tea theanine (T-ADSC) increased cell capabilities including viability, migration and paracrine secretion. In vivo results indicated that several pathological conditions were observed in rats with liver injury induced by DEN including structural changes and expression of pyroptosis as well as autophagy markers. The above pathological conditions were improved when the rats received both ADSC and T-ADSC treatment. Furthermore, T-ADSC showed better therapeutic effect on rats with liver injury than ADSC due to significant suppression of pyroptosis markers caspase-1 and IL-1β as well as autophagy marker LC3-II accompanied with intensive paracrine VEGF from T-ADSC. SIGNIFICANCE Increased paracrine VEGF secretion from T-ADSC plays a crucial role in liver regeneration. A future clinical study may be designed for further verification of these experimental in vivo findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Sheng Chen
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Lai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chiang-Ting Chien
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zhang R, Zheng S, Guo Z, Wang Y, Yang G, Yin Z, Luo L. L-Theanine inhibits melanoma cell growth and migration via regulating expression of the clock gene BMAL1. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:763-777. [PMID: 34542664 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE L-Theanine is a unique non-protein amino acid found in green tea, which has been identified as a safe dietary supplement. It has been reported that L-theanine exerts various biological activities. In this study, we explored the anti-cancer effects of L-theanine on melanoma cells. METHODS A375, B16-F10, and PIG1 cell lines were used in the present study. EdU labeling, TUNEL and Annexin V/PI staining, wound-healing, and transwell migration assay were performed to detect the effects of L-theanine on melanoma cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1 (BMAL1) was knocked down in melanoma cells to evaluate if L-theanine plays the anti-cancer role through regulating circadian rhythm of melanoma cells. The western blot, qRT-PCR, and dual luciferase assay were performed to explore the mechanism involved in the effects of L-theanine on melanoma cells. RESULTS L-Theanine apparently reduced the viability of melanoma cells. Further experiments showed that L-theanine attenuated the proliferation and migration, and promoted apoptosis of melanoma cells. L-Theanine significantly enhanced the expression of BMAL1, a clock gene in melanoma cells. Down-regulation of BMAL1 suppressed the anti-cancer effects of L-theanine on melanoma cells. Further experiments indicated that the p53 transcriptional activity raised by L-theanine was dependent on BMAL1 expression in melanoma cells. CONCLUSION L-Theanine exerts the anti-cancer effect on melanoma cells through attenuating the proliferation and migration, and promoting apoptosis of them, which is dependent on the regulation of the clock gene Bmal1 in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guocui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Cheng J, Ren C, Cheng R, Li Y, Liu P, Wang W, Liu L. Mangiferin ameliorates cardiac fibrosis in D-galactose-induced aging rats by inhibiting TGF-β/p38/MK2 signaling pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:131-137. [PMID: 33602883 PMCID: PMC7893489 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the process spontaneously occurred in living organisms. Cardiac fibrosis is a pathophysiological process of cardiac aging. Mangiferin is a well-known C-glucoside xanthone in mango leaves with lots of beneficial properties. In this study, rat model of cardiac fibrosis was induced by injected with 150 mg/kg/d D-galactose for 8 weeks. The age-related cardiac decline was estimated by detecting the relative weight of heart, the serum levels of cardiac injury indicators and the expression of hypertrophic biomakers. Cardiac oxidative stress and local inflammation were measured by detecting the levels of malondialdehyde, enzymatic antioxidant status and proinflammatory cytokines. Cardiac fibrosis was evaluated by observing collagen deposition via masson and sirius red staining, as well as by examining the expression of extracellular matrix proteins via Western blot analysis. The cardiac activity of profibrotic TGF-β1/p38/MK2 signaling pathway was assessed by measuring the expression of TGF-β1 and the phosphorylation levels of p38 and MK2. It was observed that mangiferin ameliorated D-galactose-induced cardiac aging, attenuated cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis, as well as inhibited the activation of TGF-β1/p38/MK2 signaling pathway. These results showed that mangiferin could ameliorate cardiac fibrosis in D-galactose-induced aging rats possibly via inhibiting TGF-β/p38/MK2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoyang Ren
- Dong Xi Hu Municipal Healthcare Security Administration, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Renli Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Yunning Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 986 Hospital of Air Force, Xian 710054, Shanxi, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
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12
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Priya S. Therapeutic Perspectives of Food Bioactive Peptides: A Mini Review. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:664-675. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190617092140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are short chain of amino acids (usually 2-20) that are linked by amide
bond in a specific sequence which have some biological effects in animals or humans. These can be
of diverse origin like plant, animal, fish, microbe, marine organism or even synthetic. They are
successfully used in the management of many diseases. In recent years increased attention has been
raised for its effects and mechanism of action in various disease conditions like cancer, immunity,
cardiovascular disease, hypertension, inflammation, diabetes, microbial infections etc. Bioactive
peptides are more bioavailable and less allergenic when compared to total proteins. Food derived
bioactive peptides have health benefits and its demand has increased tremendously over the past
decade. This review gives a view on last two years research on potential bioactive peptides derived
from food which have significant therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulochana Priya
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIRNIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, 695 019, India
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Tai Y, Ling C, Wang H, Yang L, She G, Wang C, Yu S, Chen W, Liu C, Wan X. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Regulatory Mechanisms of Theanine Synthesis in Tea ( Camellia sinensis) and Oil Tea ( Camellia oleifera) Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10235-10244. [PMID: 31436988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tea provides a rich taste and has healthy properties due to its variety of bioactive compounds, such as theanine, catechins, and caffeine. Theanine is the most abundant free amino acid (40%-70%) in tea leaves. Key genes related to theanine biosynthesis have been studied, but relatively little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of theanine accumulation in tea leaves. Herein, we analyzed theanine content in tea (Camellia sinensis) and oil tea (Camellia oleifera) and found it to be higher in the roots than in other tissues in both species. The theanine content was significantly higher in tea than oil tea. To explore the regulatory mechanisms of theanine accumulation, we identified genes involved in theanine biosynthesis by RNA-Seq analysis and compared theanine-related modules. Moreover, we cloned theanine synthase (TS) promoters from tea and oil tea plants and found that a difference in TS expression and cis-acting elements may explain the difference in theanine accumulation between the two species. These data provide an important resource for regulatory mechanisms of theanine accumulation in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chun Liu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen 518083 , China
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Cao SY, Zhao CN, Gan RY, Xu XY, Wei XL, Corke H, Atanasov AG, Li HB. Effects and Mechanisms of Tea and Its Bioactive Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: An Updated Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E166. [PMID: 31174371 PMCID: PMC6617169 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are critical global public health issues with high morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological studies have revealed that regular tea drinking is inversely associated with the risk of CVDs. Additionally, substantial in vitro and in vivo experimental studies have shown that tea and its bioactive compounds are effective in protecting against CVDs. The relevant mechanisms include reducing blood lipid, alleviating ischemia/reperfusion injury, inhibiting oxidative stress, enhancing endothelial function, attenuating inflammation, and protecting cardiomyocyte function. Moreover, some clinical trials also proved the protective role of tea against CVDs. In order to provide a better understanding of the relationship between tea and CVDs, this review summarizes the effects of tea and its bioactive compounds against CVDs and discusses potential mechanisms of action based on evidence from epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xin-Lin Wei
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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