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Chen Y, Guo DZ, Zhu CL, Ren SC, Sun CY, Wang Y, Wang JF. The implication of targeting PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in treating sepsis through immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1323797. [PMID: 38193090 PMCID: PMC10773890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1323797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis currently remains a major contributor to mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU), with 48.9 million cases reported globally and a mortality rate of 22.5% in 2017, accounting for almost 20% of all-cause mortality worldwide. This highlights the urgent need to improve the understanding and treatment of this condition. Sepsis is now recognized as a dysregulation of the host immune response to infection, characterized by an excessive inflammatory response and immune paralysis. This dysregulation leads to secondary infections, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and ultimately death. PD-L1, a co-inhibitory molecule expressed in immune cells, has emerged as a critical factor in sepsis. Numerous studies have found a significant association between the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and sepsis, with a particular focus on PD-L1 expressed on neutrophils recently. This review explores the role of PD-1/PD-L1 in immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways, illustrates the intricate link between PD-1/PD-L1 and sepsis, and summarizes current therapeutic approaches against PD-1/PD-L1 in the treatment and prognosis of sepsis in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-zhi Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-long Zhu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-chun Ren
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-yan Sun
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-feng Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Wadowska M, Dobosz E, Golda A, Bryzek D, Lech M, Fu M, Koziel J. MCP-Induced Protein 1 Participates in Macrophage-Dependent Endotoxin Tolerance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:1348-1358. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chen R, Zhou L. PD-1 signaling pathway in sepsis: Does it have a future? Clin Immunol 2021; 229:108742. [PMID: 33905818 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by high mortality and poor prognosis and is one of the leading causes of death among patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). In the past, drugs that block early inflammatory responses have done little to reverse the progression of sepsis. Programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its two ligands, programmed cell death receptor ligand 1(PD-L1) and programmed cell death receptor ligand 2 (PD-L2), are negative regulatory factors of the immune response of the body. Recently, the role of the PD-1 signaling pathway in sepsis has been widely studied. Studies showed that the PD-1 signaling pathways are closely related to the mortality and prognosis of sepsis patients. In the immunotherapy of sepsis, whether in animal experiments or clinical trials, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have shown good promise. In this review, firstly, we focus on the immunosuppressive mechanism of sepsis and the structure and function of the PD-1 signaling pathway. The variety of the PD-1 signaling pathways in sepsis is introduced. Then, the relationship between the PD-1 signaling pathway and immune cells and organ dysfunction and the regulatory factors of the PD-1 signaling pathway in sepsis is discussed. Finally, the application of the PD-1 signaling pathway in sepsis is specifically emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongping Chen
- Department of Intensive care unit, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China; Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lixin Zhou
- Department of Intensive care unit, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China.
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Nguyen TH, Turek I, Meehan-Andrews T, Zacharias A, Irving H. Analysis of interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-3 (IRAK3) function in modulating expression of inflammatory markers in cell culture models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244570. [PMID: 33382782 PMCID: PMC7774834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IRAK3 is a critical modulator of inflammation in innate immunity. IRAK3 is associated with many inflammatory diseases, including sepsis, and is required in endotoxin tolerance to maintain homeostasis of inflammation. The impact of IRAK3 on inflammatory markers such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cell culture models remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To analyse temporal effects of IRAK3 on inflammatory markers after one- or two-challenge interventions in cell culture models. METHODS A systematic search was performed to identify in vitro cell studies reporting outcome measures of expression of IRAK3 and inflammatory markers. Meta-analyses were performed where sufficient data were available. Comparisons of outcome measures were performed between different cell lines and human and mouse primary cells. RESULTS The literature search identified 7766 studies for screening. After screening titles, abstracts and full-texts, a total of 89 studies were included in the systematic review. CONCLUSIONS The review identifies significant effects of IRAK3 on decreasing NF-κB DNA binding activity in cell lines, TNF-α protein level at intermediate time intervals (4h-15h) in cell lines or at long term intervals (16h-48h) in mouse primary cells following one-challenge. The patterns of TNF-α protein expression in human cell lines and human primary cells in response to one-challenge are more similar than in mouse primary cells. Meta-analyses confirm a negative correlation between IRAK3 and inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) expression after two-challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Hong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilona Turek
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terri Meehan-Andrews
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anita Zacharias
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Irving
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
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Mu D, Miao C, Cheng Y, Li P, Gong J, Zhang W. The on-off action of Forkhead protein O3a in endotoxin tolerance of Kupffer cells depends on the PI3K/AKT pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106342. [PMID: 32143003 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endotoxin tolerance (ET) of Kupffer cells (KCs) is an important protective mechanism for limiting endotoxin shock. As a key anti-inflammatory molecule, the roles and mechanism of Forkhead protein O3a (Foxo3a) in ET of KCs are not yet well understood. METHODS ET and nonendotoxin tolerance (NET) KCs models were established in vitro and in vivo. The levels of cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expression and phosphorylation levels were detected by western blotting (WB). Changes in the localization of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Foxo3a in KCs were detected by immunofluorescence assays. KCs apoptosis and survival rates were detected by flow cytometry and an automatic cell counter, respectively. RESULTS The activity of NF-κB and the levels of p-Foxo3a and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in the ET group were significantly lower than those in the NET group, while the levels of Foxo3a and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in the ET group were significantly higher than those in the NET group. Overexpression of Foxo3a or the use of a phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxykinase (PI3K) inhibitor suppressed the activation of NF-κB by decreasing the levels of p-Foxo3a by inhibiting the activity of PI3K/AKT, which improved the tolerance of KCs and mice to endotoxin. In contrast, silencing Foxo3a or the use of a PI3K agonist reduced the tolerance of KCs and mice to endotoxin. The PI3K agonist counteracted the inhibitory effects of Foxo3a overexpression on NF-κB, impairing the tolerance of KCs to endotoxin. CONCLUSIONS The on-off action of Foxo3a in the ET of KCs depends on the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Mu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chunmu Miao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Peizhi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
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IRAK family in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Rebl A, Rebl H, Verleih M, Haupt S, Köbis JM, Goldammer T, Seyfert HM. At Least Two Genes Encode Many Variants of Irak3 in Rainbow Trout, but Neither the Full-Length Factor Nor Its Variants Interfere Directly With the TLR-Mediated Stimulation of Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2246. [PMID: 31616422 PMCID: PMC6763605 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-1-receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK3) is known in mammals as a negative feedback regulator of NF-κB-mediated innate-immune mechanisms. Our RNA-seq experiments revealed a prototypic 1920-nt sequence encoding irak3 from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), as well as 20 variants that vary in length and nucleotide composition. Based on the DNA-sequence information from two closely related irak3 genes from rainbow trout and an irak3-sequence fragment from Atlantic salmon retrieved from public databases, we elucidated the underlying genetic causes for this striking irak3 diversity. Infecting rainbow trout with a lethal dose of Aeromonas salmonicida enhanced the expression of all variants in the liver, head kidney, and peripheral blood leucocytes. We analyzed the functional impact of the full-length factor and selected structural variants by overexpressing them in mammalian HEK-293 cells. The full-length factor enhanced the basal activity of NF-κB, but did not dampen the TLR2-signaling-induced levels of NF-κB activation. Increasing the basal NF-κB-activity through Irak3 apparently does not involve its C-terminal domain. However, more severely truncated factors had only a minor impact on the activity of NF-κB. The TLR2-mediated stimulation did not alter the spatial distribution of Irak3 inside the cells. In salmonid CHSE-214 cells, we observed that the Irak3-splice variant that prominently expresses the C-terminal domain significantly quenched the stimulation-dependent production of interleukin-1β and interleukin-8, but not the production of other immune regulators. We conclude that the different gene and splice variants of Irak3 from trout play distinct roles in the activation of immune-regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rebl
- Fish Genetics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henrike Rebl
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marieke Verleih
- Fish Genetics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Stephanie Haupt
- Fish Genetics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Judith M Köbis
- Fish Genetics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Fish Genetics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Seyfert
- Fish Genetics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
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