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Xu Y, Wang JY, Zou Y, Ma XW, Meng T. Role of IL-1 Family Cytokines IL-36, IL-37, IL-38 in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4001-4016. [PMID: 38915806 PMCID: PMC11195677 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s474879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-36 (IL-36), IL-37, IL-38 belong to IL-1 family. The IL-36 subfamily obtains pro- and anti-inflammatory effects on various immune responses. Cytokine IL-37, has anti-inflammatory functions in immunity, and the recently identified IL-38 negatively associated with disease pathogenesis. To date, expression of IL-36, IL-37, IL-38 is reported dysregulated in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and may be disease markers for arthritis-related diseases. Interestingly, expression of IL-38 was different either in OA patients or animal models, and expression of IL-36Ra in synovium was different in OA and RA patients. Moreover, functional studies have demonstrated significant role of these cytokines in OA and RA progress. These processes were related to immune cells and non-immune cells, where the cytokines IL-36, IL-37, IL-38 may regulate downstream signalings in the cells, and then involve in OA, RA development. In this review, we comprehensively discuss recent advancements in cytokines and the development of OA, RA. We hope that targeting these cytokines will become a potential treatment option for OA and RA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yan Wang
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zou
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Wei Ma
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Meng
- College of Health Industry, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610100, People’s Republic of China
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Meng Y, Cai XL, Cong S, Sun J, Hu YW, Gu YQ, Ma XM, Luo L. Role of Platelet/Lymphocyte, Neutrophil/Lymphocyte, and Interleukin-37/Interleukin-17 Ratios in the Occurrence and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:464-474. [PMID: 38477623 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2299687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the correlation of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and interleukin (IL)-37/IL-17 ratio with the incidence/treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Firstly, fifty-eight patients with RA treated at the first affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected as the RA group; forty-nine healthy volunteers were enrolled in the control group. RA patients were treated with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Next, the NLR, PLR, IL-37, IL-17 and 28-joint disease activity score using erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) were deleted in two groups. Subsequently, Spearman correlation analysis was adopted for the correlations of various indicators before and after treatment in two groups. According to the analysis results, the levels of NLR, PLR, IL-37, and IL-17 before treatment in the RA group were higher than those in the control group (P < .05), but the difference in the IL-37/IL-17 level between the two groups was not significant (P > .05). After treatment, NLR, PLR, and IL-37/IL-17 levels were significantly reduced in RA patients (P < .05). NLR and PLR were significantly positively correlated with DAS28-ESR, ESR and C-reactive protein (CRP), of which represented the disease activity of RA. NLP was strongly correlated with IL-37/IL-17. Collectively, NLR, PLR, IL-37, and IL-17 are closely related to the occurrence of RA. In addition, NLR and IL-37/IL-17 are more suitable than PLR in reflecting the therapeutic effect. Therefore, IL-37/IL-17 can be considered as a new indicator for reflecting the treatment effectiveness of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Meng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Xuan-Lin Cai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Shan Cong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Yong-Wei Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Yan-Qin Gu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Xiu-Min Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
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Chen PK, Hsu WF, Peng CY, Liao TL, Chang SH, Chen HH, Chen CH, Chen DY. Significant association of elevated serum galectin-9 levels with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1347268. [PMID: 38371515 PMCID: PMC10869587 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1347268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, but its pathogenesis has rarely been explored. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) interacts with T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing-molecule-3 (TIM-3) expressed on hepatocytes and thus regulates T cell proliferation in a murine model of NAFLD. We aimed to examine the pathogenic role of the Gal-9/TIM-3 pathway in RA-NAFLD. Methods Serum levels of Gal-9, soluble TIM-3 (sTIM-3), fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP)1, and FABP4 were determined by ELISA in forty-five RA patients and eleven healthy participants. Using Oil-red O staining and immunoblotting, we examined the effects of Gal-9 and free fatty acid (FFA) on lipid accumulation in human hepatocytes and FABP1 expression. Results Serum Gal-9, sTIM-3 and FABP1 level were significantly higher in RA patients (median 5.02 ng/mL, 3.42 ng/mL, and 5.76 ng/mL, respectively) than in healthy participants (1.86 ng/mL, 0.99 ng/mL, and 0.129 ng/mL, all p < 0.001). They were also significantly higher in patients with moderate-to-severe NAFLD compared with none-to-mild NAFLD (p < 0.01; p < 0.05; and p < 0.01, respectively). Serum Gal-9 levels were positively correlated with sTIM-3, FABP1, FABP4 levels, and ultrasound-fatty liver score, respectively, in RA patients. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that Gal-9 (cut-off>3.30) was a significant predictor of NAFLD development, and Gal-9 and sTIM-3 were predictors of NAFLD severity (both p < 0.05). The cell-based assay showed that Gal-9 and FFA could upregulate FABP1 expression and enhance lipid droplet accumulation in hepatocytes. Conclusion Elevated levels of Gal-9 and sTIM3 in RA patients with NAFLD and their positive correlation with NAFLD severity suggest the pathogenic role of Gal-9 signaling in RA-related NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ku Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Hsu
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Peng
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ling Liao
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Chang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Iwamuro M, Takahashi T, Watanabe N, Abe M, Sakae H, Kono Y, Kanzaki H, Tanaka T, Kawano S, Otsuka F, Kawahara Y, Yanai H, Okada H. Site-specific differences in T lymphocyte composition of the gastric mucosa after Helicobacter pylori eradication. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30241. [PMID: 36042652 PMCID: PMC9410669 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In our earlier work, we revealed that inflammation of the lesser curvature of the gastric body and antrum could constitute independent risk factors for gastric cancer development, while inflammation of the greater curvature was not. The aims of this study were as follows: first, to reveal the differences between T lymphocyte populations of the gastric antrum and the greater and lesser curvatures of the gastric body in patients after Helicobacter pylori eradication; second, to analyze the correlation between the composition of the stomach-resident T lymphocytes and time from H. pylori eradication; and third, to evaluate the sex differences in T lymphocyte subsets after H. pylori eradication. To investigate site-specific differences in stomach-resident T lymphocytes after H. pylori eradication, we performed flow cytometry analysis on samples taken from the gastric antrum, greater curvature of the gastric body, and lesser curvature of the gastric body of 20 patients. We also analyzed the correlation between the composition of the stomach-resident T lymphocytes and the time from H. pylori eradication. The lymphocyte subsets of the antrum and lesser curvature of the body were similar. In contrast, compared to those in the greater curvature of the gastric body, CD4+/CD3+ lymphocyte subsets (43.8 ± 19.4% vs 31.7 ± 14.6%) were elevated in the lesser curvature of the body, whereas CD8+/CD3+ (67.1 ± 21.3% vs 80.4 ± 12.0%), CD7+/CD3+ (91.2 ± 4.6% vs 93.7 ± 3.8%), CCR4+/CD3+ (7.7 ± 8.1% vs 10.4 ± 7.0%), CD45RA+/CD3+CD4+ (27.2 ± 24.8% vs 39.5 ± 20.8%), and CD45RA+/CD3+CD4- (14.2 ± 11.1% vs 18.7 ± 11.5) were lower. Linear regression analysis showed a negative correlation between the time after H. pylori eradication and CD4+/CD3+ (P < .05, R2 = 0.198). There were no significant differences between men and women with respect to the lymphocyte populations. These results indicate that there are site-specific differences in lymphocyte composition in the stomach after H. pylori eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Iwamuro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masaya Iwamuro, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Takahide Takahashi
- Division of Medical Support, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Natsuki Watanabe
- Division of Medical Support, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakae
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kanzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Seiji Kawano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kawahara
- Department of Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yanai
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Qin YF, Ren SH, Shao B, Qin H, Wang HD, Li GM, Zhu YL, Sun CL, Li C, Zhang JY, Wang H. The intellectual base and research fronts of IL-37: A bibliometric review of the literature from WoSCC. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931783. [PMID: 35935954 PMCID: PMC9354626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IL-37 is a recently identified cytokine with potent immunosuppressive functions. The research fronts of IL-37 are worth investigating, and there is no bibliometric analysis in this field. The purpose of this study is to construct the intellectual base and predict research hotspots of IL-37 research both quantitatively and qualitatively according to bibliometric analysis. Methods The articles were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from the inception of the database to 1 April 2022. CiteSpace 5.8.R3 (64-bit, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA) and Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology (https://bibliometric.com/) were used to perform bibliometric and knowledge-map analyses. Results A total of 534 papers were included in 200 academic journals by 2,783 authors in 279 institutions from 50 countries/regions. The journal Cytokine published the most papers on IL-37, while Nature Immunology was the most co-cited journal. The publications belonged mainly to two categories of Immunology and Cell Biology. USA and China were the most productive countries. Meanwhile, the University of Colorado Denver in USA produced the highest number of publications followed by Radboud University Nijmegen in the Netherlands and Monash University in Australia. Charles A. Dinarello published the most papers, while Marcel F. Nold had the most co-citations. Top 10 co-citations on reviews, mechanisms, and diseases were regarded as the knowledge base. The keyword co-occurrence and co-citations of references revealed that the mechanisms and immune-related disorders were the main aspects of IL-37 research. Notably, the involvement of IL-37 in various disorders and the additional immunomodulatory mechanisms were two emerging hotspots in IL-37 research. Conclusions The research on IL-37 was thoroughly reviewed using bibliometrics and knowledge-map analyses. The present study is a benefit for academics to master the dynamic evolution of IL-37 and point out the direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-fei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shao-hua Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-da Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guang-ming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang-lin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng-lu Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Wang, ;
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Zeng H, Zhou K, Ye Z. Biology of interleukin‑37 and its role in autoimmune diseases (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:495. [PMID: 35837057 PMCID: PMC9257848 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are characterized by dysfunction and tissue destruction, and recent studies have shown that interleukin (IL)-37 expression is dysregulated in AIDs. Among cytokines of the IL-1 family, most are pro-inflammatory agents, and as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-37 may have the potential to alleviate excessive inflammation and can be used as a ligand or transcription factor that is involved in regulating innate and adaptive immunity. IL-37 plays important roles in the development of AIDs. This review summarizes the biological characteristics and functions of IL-37 and discusses the potential of IL-37 as a therapeutic target for effective cytokine therapy and as a biomarker in AIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiong Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518040, P.R. China
| | - Kaixia Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CUHK‑GIBH CAS Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Zhizhong Ye
- Department of Rheumatology, Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518040, P.R. China
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Matsumoto H, Fujita Y, Asano T, Matsuoka N, Temmoku J, Sato S, Yashiro–Furuya M, Yokose K, Yoshida S, Suzuki E, Yago T, Watanabe H, Kawakami A, Migita K. Association between inflammatory cytokines and immune-checkpoint molecule in rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260254. [PMID: 34793561 PMCID: PMC8601500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) and inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). T cell immunoglobulin and mucin–domain containing–3 (TIM–3) is an immune-checkpoint molecule involved in inhibitory signaling. Galectin–9 (Gal–9) mediated ligation of TIM–3 induces the amelioration of autoimmune diseases. TIM–3 is expressed in synovial osteoclasts and involved in the rheumatoid bone destruction. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between inflammatory cytokines and immune–checkpoint molecules in RA patients. Methods Serum levels of interleukin–6 (IL–6), tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF–α), soluble TIM–3 (sTIM–3) and Gal–9 were determined by ELISA. Patients were stratified into two groups based on ACPA titers: low-medium ACPA (ACPA <200 U/mL) and high ACPA (ACPA ≥200 U/mL). Serum levels of cytokines or immune-checkpoint molecules were evaluated between RA patients with low-medium ACPA titers and high ACPA titers. Results Elevated serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were correlated with DAS28–ESR in RA patients. Although serum levels of sTIM–3 were elevated in RA patients, significant correlations between sTIM–3 and cytokines (IL–6 or TNF–α) were observed exclusively in RA patients with low-medium ACPA titers (<200 U/mL). Serum levels of IL–6 and TNF–α levels were significantly correlated with elevated Gal–9 levels regardless of ACPA status. A significant correlation between IL–6 and Gal–9 was observed in RA patients without advanced joint damage. Conversely, a significant correlation between TNF–α and Gal–9 was observed in RA patients with advanced joint damage. Conclusions Our data indicated that there are positive correlations between circulating inflammatory cytokines and checkpoint molecules in RA patients and these interactions can be modulated by ACPA status or joint damage stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Matsumoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Asano
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsuoka
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Jumpei Temmoku
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shuzo Sato
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Makiko Yashiro–Furuya
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kohei Yokose
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yoshida
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Eiji Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology, Ohta Nishinouchi General Hospital Foundation, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toru Yago
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Migita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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8
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Santarelli DM, Vincent FB, Rudloff I, Nold-Petry CA, Nold MF, Russo MA. Circulating Interleukin-37 Levels in Healthy Adult Humans - Establishing a Reference Range. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708425. [PMID: 34367169 PMCID: PMC8343013 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-37 has an important function in limiting excessive inflammation. Its expression is increased in numerous inflammatory and autoimmune conditions and correlates with disease activity, suggesting it could have potential as a disease biomarker. Nevertheless, a reference range has yet to be determined. Our aim was to establish the first reference range of circulating IL-37 levels in healthy adult humans. PubMed was searched for studies reporting blood IL-37 concentrations in healthy adult subjects as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nineteen studies were included in the analysis. Mean IL-37 levels were weighted by sample sizes, and weighted mean lower and upper levels ( ± 2SD of means) were calculated to provide a weighted mean and reference range. IL-37 levels were quantified in either serum or plasma from a total of 1035 (647 serum; 388 plasma) healthy subjects. The serum, plasma and combined matrix weighted means (reference ranges) were 72.9 (41.5 – 104.4) pg/mL, 83.9 (41.1 – 126.8) pg/mL, and 77.1 (41.4 – 112.8) pg/mL, respectively. There were no significant differences between serum and plasma means and upper and lower limits. Study means and upper IL-37 levels were significantly higher in Chinese population studies. From our analysis, a preliminary reference range for circulating IL-37 levels in healthy human adults has been established. In order to determine a reliable reference range for clinical application, large, prospective, multi-ethnic, healthy population studies are necessary. In addition, demographics, sample matrix, collection, processing and storage methods potentially affecting IL-37 detection levels should be thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabien B Vincent
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ina Rudloff
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudia A Nold-Petry
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcel F Nold
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc A Russo
- Genesis Research Services, Broadmeadow, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Pain Specialists, Broadmeadow, NSW, Australia
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Bay-Jensen AC, Siebuhr AS, Damgaard D, Drobinski P, Thudium C, Mortensen J, Nielsen CH. Objective and noninvasive biochemical markers in rheumatoid arthritis: where are we and where are we going? Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:159-175. [PMID: 33783300 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1908892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects approximately 1% of the adult population. RA is multi-factorial, and as such our understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the disease is currently limited. An increasing number of studies have suggested that several molecular phenotypes (i.e. endotypes) of RA exist, and that different endotypes respond differently to various treatments. Biochemical markers may be an attractive means for achieving precision medicine, as they are objective and easily obtainable. AREAS COVERED We searched recent publications on biochemical markers in RA as either diagnostic or prognostic markers, or as markers of disease activity. Here, we provide a narrative overview of different classes of markers, such as autoantibodies, citrulline products, markers of tissue turnover and cytokines, that have been tested in clinical cohorts or trials including RA patients. EXPERT OPINION Although many biochemical markers have been identified and tested, few are currently being used in clinical practice. As more treatment options are becoming available, the need for precision medicine tools that can aid physicians and patients in choosing the right treatment is growing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Bay-Jensen
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Siebuhr
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Dres Damgaard
- Center for Rheumatolology and Spine Diseases, Institute for Inflammation Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Patryk Drobinski
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christian Thudium
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Joachim Mortensen
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Claus H Nielsen
- Center for Rheumatolology and Spine Diseases, Institute for Inflammation Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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10
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Greisen SR, Deleuran B. Checkpoint Molecules in Rheumatology-or the Benefits of Being Exhausted. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:22. [PMID: 33651184 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-00991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will focus on the most common co-inhibitory molecules, emphasizing the importance of these in relation to rheumatic disease. RECENT FINDINGS Checkpoint molecules are pivotal in determining the outcome of antigen activation. Checkpoint molecules consist of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules, where the first activates and the latter inhibits the antigen presentation process. Studies show that increased activity of co-inhibitory molecules is associated with a good prognosis in rheumatic diseases. Opposite, when cancer patients are treated with antibodies blocking the inhibitory pathways, autoimmune diseases, including arthritis, develop as immune-related adverse events (IrAE). This emphasizes the importance of these pathways in autoimmune disease. Co-inhibitory molecules are becoming increasingly interesting as future treatment targets in rheumatic conditions. Treatments with antibodies blocking these pathways result in IrAE, often manifesting as autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Therefore, a need to get acquainted with these molecules is growing so we can cope with future challenges in rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stinne Ravn Greisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Skou-building, C.F. Møllers Alle 6, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Skou-building, C.F. Møllers Alle 6, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Cao S, Shi H, Sun G, Chen Y, Hou G, Wang D, Shi B. Serum IL-37 Level Is Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Disease Activity: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6653439. [PMID: 33628802 PMCID: PMC7884130 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6653439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-37 (IL-37) inhibits the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via downregulating proinflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, we performed an analysis to accurately assess the relationship between serum IL-37 cytokine levels and disease activity of RA. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were applied to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Correlation coefficient (r) was utilized to evaluate the relationship between IL-37 and disease activity of RA patients. Ten studies were included into the research. Functional analysis revealed elevated serum IL-37 concentrations in RA patients (SMD = 1.61, P < 0.00001). The relationship between serum IL-37 levels and disease activity was statistically significant (C-reactive protein: r = 1.47, P = 0.0002; erythrocyte sedimentation rate: r = 1.55, P < 0.00001; rheumatoid factor: r = 1.40, P = 0.004; tumor necrosis factor⁃α: r = 1.64, P = 0.0003; Disease Activity Score for 28 joints: r = 1.63, P < 0.00001; tender joint count: r = 1.48, P < 0.00001; and swollen joint count: r = 1.52, P = 0.0003), but anti-CCP was not significant (anti-CCP: r = 0.98, P = 0.72). In summary, these data are suggesting that the elevated serum level of IL-37 in RA is positively correlated with the disease activity of RA, suggesting a role for IL-37in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Cao
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250062, China
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Haojun Shi
- Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan 450016, China
| | - Guodong Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Yuanzhen Chen
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Guangjian Hou
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Bin Shi
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250062, China
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250062, China
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12
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Gholijani N, Daryabor G, Yazdani MR, Vazani N, Shabbooei B, Zahed M, Ranjbar MA, Sadeghi MB, Amirghofran Z. Serum interleukin-37 (IL-37) and its gene polymorphism in Iranian Behcet's disease patients: Association with disease manifestations and activity. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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13
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Lee YH, Song GG. Circulating Interleukin-37 Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Their Correlations With Disease Activity: A Meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2020.27.3.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwan Gyu Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Ding L, Zhao X, Zhu N, Zhao M, Hu Q, Ni Y. The balance of serum IL-18/IL-37 levels is disrupted during the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Surg Oncol 2019; 32:99-107. [PMID: 31983439 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidences have demonstrated a pivotal role of chronic inflammation in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through the modulation of inflammatory cells and cytokine production. IL-37 is newly discovered anti-inflammatory member of IL-1 family and can bind to IL-18 receptor to inhibit IL-18 (pro-inflammatory member of IL-1 family) function. Investigation on the balance of IL-18/IL-37 would provide new insights into the function of IL-1 family in OSCC. Thus, serum IL-18 and IL-37 levels of OSCC patients (n = 108), leukoplakia patients (n = 40), and healthy donors (n = 36) were collected to analyze the balance of IL-18 and IL-37, and also determine their diagnostic value and prognostic significance in OSCC. The results showed that OSCC patients had high IL-18 and low IL-37 levels in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). The ratio of IL-18/IL-37 in serum efficiently distinguished non-cancer individuals from OSCC patients (cut off value: 2.15). Moreover, patients with high IL-18 and low IL-37 were susceptible to develop advanced tumor stage and lymph node metastasis (Odd ratios of IL-18/IL-37 is 4.903 and 12.613, respectively). Meanwhile, higher IL-18/IL-37 ratio could predict shorter overall survival and disease-free survival of OSCC patients, although it was not an independent prognostic factor. We further analyze the correlations of serum IL-18/IL-37 with immunocytes in peripheral blood and found that high IL-18 level was associated with more CD19+ B cells, while serum IL-37 seem to be associated with reduced percentage of CD3+CD8+ T cells, indicating its balance could change the adaptive immune response. Unexpectedly, we first revealed the different function of IL-18/IL-37 in serum and tumor tissues. High mRNA expression of IL-18 in tumor tissues correlated with low lymph node metastasis rate and low tumor stage, which was contradictory to the pro-tumor role of IL-18 in serum. In conclusion, enhanced ratio of IL-18/IL-37 level in serum could be an efficient biomarker for OSCC. Its balance might regulate CD19+ B cells and CD3+ CD8+ T cells for OSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ding
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxing Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nisha Zhu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengxiang Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingang Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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15
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The IL-1 family of cytokines and receptors in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:612-632. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yuan ZC, Wang JM, Huang AF, Su LC, Li SJ, Xu WD. Elevated expression of interleukin-37 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2019; 22:1123-1129. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Yuan
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health; Southwest Medical University; Luzhou Sichuan China
| | - Jia-Min Wang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health; Southwest Medical University; Luzhou Sichuan China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Luzhou Sichuan China
| | - Lin-Chong Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Affiliated Minda Hospital of Hubei Institute for Nationalities; Enshi Hubei China
| | - Shuang-Jing Li
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health; Southwest Medical University; Luzhou Sichuan China
| | - Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health; Southwest Medical University; Luzhou Sichuan China
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