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Wu Z, Li C, Zhu R, Cao Y, Chen TC, Cheng L. Reduced non-CpG methylation is a potential epigenetic target after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2489-2496. [PMID: 37282481 PMCID: PMC10360082 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.371399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic regulator in the occurrence and development of diseases and is closely related to various functional responses in relation to spinal cord injury. To investigate the role of DNA methylation in spinal cord injury, we constructed a library with reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing data obtained at various time points (day 0-42) after spinal cord injury in mice. Global DNA methylation levels, specifically non-CpG (CHG and CHH) methylation levels, decreased modestly following spinal cord injury. Stages post-spinal cord injury were classified as early (day 0-3), intermediate (day 7-14), and late (day 28-42) based on similarity and hierarchical clustering of global DNA methylation patterns. The non-CpG methylation level, which included CHG and CHH methylation levels, was markedly reduced despite accounting for a minor proportion of total methylation abundance. At multiple genomic sites, including the 5' untranslated regions, promoter, exon, intron, and 3' untranslated regions, the non-CpG methylation level was markedly decreased following spinal cord injury, whereas the CpG methylation level remained unchanged at these locations. Approximately one-half of the differentially methylated regions were located in intergenic areas; the other differentially methylated regions in both CpG and non-CpG regions were clustered in intron regions, where the DNA methylation level was highest. The function of genes associated with differentially methylated regions in promoter regions was also investigated. From Gene Ontology analysis results, DNA methylation was implicated in a number of essential functional responses to spinal cord injury, including neuronal synaptic connection creation and axon regeneration. Notably, neither CpG methylation nor non-CpG methylation was implicated in the functional response of glial or inflammatory cells. In summary, our work elucidated the dynamic pattern of DNA methylation in the spinal cord following injury and identified reduced non-CpG methylation as an epigenetic target after spinal cord injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhourui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education; Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Institute of Spinal and Spinal Cord Injury, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education; Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Institute of Spinal and Spinal Cord Injury, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education; Institute of Spinal and Spinal Cord Injury, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqiu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education; Institute of Spinal and Spinal Cord Injury, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medical, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education; Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Institute of Spinal and Spinal Cord Injury, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Graves LY, Keane KF, Taylor JY, Wang TF, Saligan L, Bogie KM. Subacute and Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Scoping Review of Epigenetics and Secondary Health Conditions. Epigenet Insights 2023; 16:25168657231205679. [PMID: 37900668 PMCID: PMC10612389 DOI: 10.1177/25168657231205679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetics studies the impact of environmental and behavioral factors on stable phenotypic changes; however, the state of the science examining epigenomic mechanisms of regulation related to secondary health conditions (SHCs) and neuroepigenetics in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) remain markedly underdeveloped. Objective This scoping review seeks to understand the state of the science in epigenetics and secondary complications following SCI. Methods A literature search was conducted, yielding 277 articles. The inclusion criteria were articles (1) investigating SCI and (2) examining epigenetic regulation as part of the study methodology. A total of 23 articles were selected for final inclusion. Results Of the 23 articles 52% focused on histone modification, while 26% focused on DNA methylation. One study had a human sample, while the majority sampled rats and mice. Primarily, studies examined regeneration, with only one study looking at clinically relevant SHC, such as neuropathic pain. Discussion The findings of this scoping review offer exciting insights into epigenetic and neuroepigenetic application in SCI research. Several key genes, proteins, and pathways emerged across studies, suggesting the critical role of epigenetic regulation in biological processes. This review reinforced the dearth of studies that leverage epigenetic methods to identify prognostic biomarkers in SHCs. Preclinical models of SCI were genotypically and phenotypically similar, which is not reflective of the heterogeneity found in the clinical population of persons with SCI. There is a need to develop better preclinical models and more studies that examine the role of genomics and epigenomics in understanding the diverse health outcomes associated with traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letitia Y Graves
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kayla F Keane
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Y Taylor
- Columbia School of Nursing and Center for Research on People of Color, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tzu-fang Wang
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leorey Saligan
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kath M Bogie
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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3
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Scholpa NE. Role of DNA methylation during recovery from spinal cord injury with and without β 2-adrenergic receptor agonism. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114494. [PMID: 37488045 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Daily treatment with the FDA-approved β2-adrenergic receptor agonist formoterol beginning 8 h after severe spinal cord injury (SCI) induces mitochondrial biogenesis and improves recovery in mice. We observed decreased DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) expression, global DNA methylation and methylation of the mitochondrial genes PGC-1α and NDUFS1 in the injury site of formoterol-treated mice 1 DPI, but this effect was lost by 7 DPI. To investigate the role of DNA methylation on recovery post-SCI, injured mice were treated daily with formoterol or vehicle, plus the DNMT inhibitor decitabine (DAC) on days 7-9. While DAC had no apparent effect on formoterol-induced recovery, mice treated with vehicle plus DAC exhibited increased BMS scores compared to vehicle alone beginning 15 DPI, reaching a degree of functional recovery similar to that of formoterol-treated mice by 21 DPI. Furthermore, DAC treatment increased injury site mitochondrial protein expression in vehicle-treated mice to levels comparable to that of formoterol-treated mice. The effect of DNMT inhibition on pain response with and without formoterol was assessed following moderate SCI. While all injured mice not treated with DAC displayed thermal hyperalgesia by 21 DPI, mice treated with formoterol exhibited decreased thermal hyperalgesia compared to vehicle-treated mice by 35 DPI. Injured mice treated with DAC, regardless of formoterol treatment, did not demonstrate thermal hyperalgesia at any time point assessed. Although these data do not suggest enhanced formoterol-induced recovery with DNMT inhibition, our findings indicate the importance of DNA methylation post-SCI and support both DNMT inhibition and formoterol as potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Scholpa
- Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America.
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4
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Xie J, Herr S, Ma D, Wu S, Zhao H, Sun S, Ma Z, Chan MYL, Li K, Yang Y, Huang F, Shi R, Yuan C. Acute Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Alterations at T12 After Rat T10 Spinal Cord Contusive Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2937-2953. [PMID: 36750527 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03250-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a severely debilitating condition affecting a significant population in the USA. Spinal cord injury patients often have increased risk of developing persistent neuropathic pain and other neurodegenerative conditions beyond the primary lesion center later in their life. The molecular mechanism conferring to the "latent" damages at distal tissues, however, remains elusive. Here, we studied molecular changes conferring abnormal functionality at distal spinal cord (T12) beyond the lesion center (T10) by combining next-generation sequencing (RNA- and bisulfite sequencing), super-resolution microscopy, and immunofluorescence staining at 7 days post injury. We observed significant transcriptomic changes primarily enriched in neuroinflammation and synaptogenesis associated pathways. Transcription factors (TFs) that regulate neurogenesis and neuron plasticity, including Egr1, Klf4, and Myc, are significantly upregulated. Along with global changes in chromatin arrangements and DNA methylation, including 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), bisulfite sequencing further reveals the involvement of DNA methylation changes in regulating cytokine, growth factor, and ion channel expression. Collectively, our results pave the way towards understanding transcriptomic and epigenomic mechanism in conferring long-term disease risks at distal tissues away from the primary lesion center and shed light on potential molecular targets that govern the regulatory mechanism at distal spinal cord tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Xie
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Seth Herr
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Donghan Ma
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shichen Wu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Han Zhao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhixiong Ma
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Yan-Lok Chan
- Agriculture and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Katherine Li
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Fang Huang
- Agriculture and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Chongli Yuan
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Purdue Center of Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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5
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Rizk E, Madrid A, Koueik J, Sun D, Stewart K, Chen D, Luo S, Hong F, Papale LA, Hariharan N, Alisch RS, Iskandar BJ. Purified regenerating retinal neurons reveal regulatory role of DNA methylation-mediated Na+/K+-ATPase in murine axon regeneration. Commun Biol 2023; 6:120. [PMID: 36717618 PMCID: PMC9886953 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
While embryonic mammalian central nervous system (CNS) axons readily grow and differentiate, only a minority of fully differentiated mature CNS neurons are able to regenerate injured axons, leading to stunted functional recovery after injury and disease. To delineate DNA methylation changes specifically associated with axon regeneration, we used a Fluorescent-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)-based methodology in a rat optic nerve transection model to segregate the injured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) into regenerating and non-regenerating cell populations. Whole-genome DNA methylation profiling of these purified neurons revealed genes and pathways linked to mammalian RGC regeneration. Moreover, whole-methylome sequencing of purified uninjured adult and embryonic RGCs identified embryonic molecular profiles reactivated after injury in mature neurons, and others that correlate specifically with embryonic or adult axon growth, but not both. The results highlight the contribution to both embryonic growth and adult axon regeneration of subunits encoding the Na+/K+-ATPase. In turn, both biochemical and genetic inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump significantly reduced RGC axon regeneration. These data provide critical molecular insights into mammalian CNS axon regeneration, pinpoint the Na+/K+-ATPase as a key regulator of regeneration of injured mature CNS axons, and suggest that successful regeneration requires, in part, reactivation of embryonic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Rizk
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA ,grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Neurological Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Andy Madrid
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
| | - Joyce Koueik
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
| | - Dandan Sun
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Krista Stewart
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
| | - David Chen
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
| | - Susan Luo
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
| | - Felissa Hong
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
| | - Ligia A. Papale
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
| | - Nithya Hariharan
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
| | - Reid S. Alisch
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
| | - Bermans J. Iskandar
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792 USA
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6
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Zuo S, Shi G, Fan J, Fan B, Zhang X, Liu S, Hao Y, Wei Z, Zhou X, Feng S. Identification of adhesion-associated DNA methylation patterns in the peripheral nervous system. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:48. [PMID: 33273976 PMCID: PMC7706384 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells are unique glial cells in the peripheral nervous system. These cells provide a range of cytokines and nutritional factors to maintain axons and support axonal regeneration. However, little is known concerning adhesion-associated epigenetic changes that occur in Schwann cells after peripheral nerve injury (PNI). In the present study, adhesion-associated DNA methylation biomarkers were assessed between normal and injury peripheral nerve. Specifically, normal Schwann cells (NSCs) and activated Schwann cells (ASCs) were obtained from adult Wistar rats. After the Schwann cells were identified, proliferation and adhesion assays were used to assess differences between NSCs and ASCs. Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were used to identify and analyze the differentially methylated genes. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to assess the expression levels of adhesion-associated genes. In the present study, the proliferation and adhesion assays demonstrated that ASCs had a more robust proliferative activity and adhesion compared with NSCs. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed to identify methylation-associated biological processes and signaling pathways. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that Fyn, Efna1, Jak2, Vav3, Flt4, Epha7, Crk, Kitlg, Ctnnb1 and Ptpn11 were potential markers for Schwann cell adhesion. The expression levels of several adhesion-associated genes, such as vinculin, BCAR1 scaffold protein, collagen type XVIII α1 chain and integrin subunit β6, in ASCs were altered compared with those in NSCs. The current study analyzed adhesion-associated DNA methylation patterns of Schwann cells and identified candidate genes that may potentially regulate Schwann cell adhesion in Wistar rats before and after PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhuai Zuo
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Guidong Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jianchao Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Baoyou Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xianhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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7
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Genotoxic potential of a novel PDE-4B inhibitor Apremilast by chromosomal aberration and micronucleus assay in mice. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:615-620. [PMID: 32435143 PMCID: PMC7229325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Researchers have confirmed that chronic administration of drugs at high doses causes genotoxicity which serve as first step in development of cancers. Apremilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for Psoriatic Arthritis. The present study designed to conduct genotoxicity testing using the genotoxic study which give simple, sensitive, economical and fast tools for the assessment of damage of genetic material. Methods To conduct genotoxicity study of Apremilast, 60 Swiss albino male mice divided into 6 groups (n = 10). Group1 served as a normal control group without any treatment, Group 2 treated as a disease control and administered with cyclophosphamide 40 mg/kg, IP. Group 3, 4, 5 and 6 treated as test groups and received 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg/day Apremilast respectively. The total duration of study was 13 weeks. At termination day animals were sacrificed and chromosomal aberration assay (BMCAA) and micronucleus assay (BMMNA) were performed to know the genotoxicity potential of Apremilast. Results The results indicates significant rise in chromosomal aberrations (CA) frequency in bone marrow cells and decrease in the MI of the disease control animals as well as Apremilast treated groups. Further significant (p < 0.001; p < 0.0001) increase in score of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) and percentage of micronucleated PCEs per 1000 PCEs and decrease in the ratio of polychromatic/normochromatic erythrocytes (PCE/NCE) was observed in micronucleus assay. Genotoxic effect increases with the increase of Apremilast dose. Conclusion: Finding of present indicates that Apremilast shows genotoxic potential on high administration although further detailed toxicity studies required for confirmations.
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Hu K, Li Y, Liang M, Liu L, Chen Y, Huang M, Tan B, Luo Y, Yin H. Inhibitory effect of alpinetin on IL-6 expression by promoting cytosine methylation in CpG islands in the IL-6 promoter region. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 8:e993. [PMID: 31724331 PMCID: PMC6978396 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alpinetin is a flavonoid which exerts antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory functions. In order to prove that the induced methylation is an important mechanism for alpinetin in regulating the expression of inflammatory factor Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), we detected the dinucleotide methylation status of CpG islands in the IL‐6 promoter region and IL‐6 level after treatment of RAW246.7 murine macrophages with alpinetin. Methods After RAW246.7 murine macrophages were treated with alpinetin, alpinetin + GW9662 (the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) antagonist), and alpinetin + DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A) siRNA for 96 hr, CpG islands were analyzed using time‐of‐flight mass spectrophotometry (TOF‐MS) and bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP). Dinucleotide methylation status of the CpG islands in the IL‐6 promoter region was analyzed by methylation‐specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). IL‐6 level was detected using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to test for potential correlation between the methylation status of CpG islands in the IL‐6 promoter region and IL‐6 level in RAW 246.7 cells. Results Alpinetin promoted dinucleotide methylation status of two CpG islands in the IL‐6 promoter region stretching 500–2500 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site (TSS) (p < .05). This promoting effect was more significant for the CpG island stretching 500–1500 bp long. The methylation ratio of dinucleotide at this position was significantly inversely correlated with the level of IL‐6 (p < .05). PPAR antagonist GW9662 and interference of DNMT3A could reverse both the alpinetin‐induced methylation and inhibitory effects on IL‐6 expression. Conclusion Alpinetin could induce dinucleotide methylation status of CpG islands in the IL‐6 promoter region by activating methyltransferase, thus inhibiting IL‐6 expression in murine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Hu
- Medical college, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yuxian Li
- Medical college, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, PR China
| | - Minghua Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, first people's hospital of huaihua, Huaihua, Hunan, PR China
| | - Lijing Liu
- Medical college, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yuefu Chen
- Medical college, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, PR China
| | - Minjiang Huang
- Medical college, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, PR China
| | - Bifeng Tan
- Department of Cardiology, first affiliated hospital, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yingquan Luo
- Department of Senile Disease, second Xiangya hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Huiming Yin
- Department of Respiration, first affiliated hospital, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, PR China
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9
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Shi G, Zhou X, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang P, Feng S. Signatures of altered DNA methylation gene expression after central and peripheral nerve injury. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:5171-5181. [PMID: 31691285 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nerve damage can lead to movement and sensory dysfunction, with high morbidity and disability rates causing severe burdens on patients, families, and society. DNA methylation is a kind of epigenetics, and a great number of previous studies have demonstrated that DNA methylation plays an important role in the process of nerve regeneration and remodeling. However, compared with the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system shows stronger recovery after injury, which is related to the complex microenvironment and epigenetic changes occurring at the site of injury. Therefore, what common epigenetic changes between the central and peripheral nervous systems remain to be elucidated. We first screened differential methylation genes after spinal cord injury and sciatic nerve injury using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing, respectively. Subsequently, a total of 16 genes had the same epigenetic changes after spinal cord injury and sciatic nerve injury. The Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis were performed to identify the critical biological processes and pathways. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that Dnm3, Ntrk3, Smurf1, Dpysl2, Kalrn, Shank1, Dlg2, Arsb, Reln, Bmp5, Numbl, Prickle2, Map6, and Htr7 were the core genes. These outcomes may provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of the subacute phase of nerve injury. These verified genes can offer potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guidong Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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