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Ramdin S, Naicker T, Baijnath S, Govender N. Is renal dysfunction amplified in an arginine vasopressin induced rat model of preeclampsia? Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100910. [PMID: 38851025 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Renal dysfunction is important in preeclampsia (PE) pathophysiology and has not been fully explored in the arginine vasopressin (AVP) rat model of PE. This study aimed to determine kidney toxicity associated with this model. Female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were subcutaneously infused with AVP or saline for 18 days. Urine samples (GD8, 14 and 18) were used to determine the levels of albumin, VEGF-A, clusterin, NGAL/Lipocalin-2, KIM-1, cystatin C, TIMP-1, β2M and OPN via Multiplex ELISAs. Albumin, and NGAL/lipocalin-2 were significantly elevated in the PAVP vs PS group on GD14 and GD18 (p < 0.001) respectively. VEGF-A significantly decreased in the pregnant vs non-pregnant groups on GD14 and 18 (p < 0.001). Clusterin (p < 0.001) and OPN (p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the PAVP vs PS group on GD18. Cystatin C and KIM-1 are significantly upregulated in the PAVP vs PS groups throughout gestation (p < 0.05). β2M is significantly elevated in the PAVP vs PS group on GD14 and 18 (p < 0.05). AVP elevated the urinary levels of the kidney injury biomarkers and replicated the renal dysfunction associated with PE development. Our findings confirm the potential applications of this model in studying the mechanisms underlying renal damage in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Ramdin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sooraj Baijnath
- Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nalini Govender
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
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Allam RM, El Kerdawy AM, Gouda AE, Ahmed KA, Abdel-Mohsen HT. Benzimidazole-oxindole hybrids as multi-kinase inhibitors targeting melanoma. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107243. [PMID: 38457953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, a series of benzimidazole-oxindole conjugates 8a-t were designed and synthesized as type II multi-kinase inhibitors. They exhibited moderate to potent inhibitory activity against BRAFWT up to 99.61 % at 10 µM. Notably, compounds 8e, 8k, 8n and 8s demonstrated the most promising activity, with 99.44 to 99.61 % inhibition. Further evaluation revealed that 8e, 8k, 8n and 8s exhibit moderate to potent inhibitory effects on the kinases BRAFV600E, VEGFR-2, and FGFR-1. Additionally, compounds 8a-t were screened for their cytotoxicity by the NCI, and several compounds showed significant growth inhibition in diverse cancer cell lines. Compound 8e stood out with a GI50 range of 1.23 - 3.38 µM on melanoma cell lines. Encouraged by its efficacy, it was further investigated for its antitumor activity and mechanism of action, using sorafenib as a reference standard. The hybrid compound 8e exhibited potent cellular-level suppression of BRAFWT, VEGFR-2, and FGFR-1 in A375 cell line, surpassing the effects of sorafenib. In vivo studies demonstrate that 8e significantly inhibits the growth of B16F10 tumors in mice, leading to increased survival rates and histopathological tumor regression. Furthermore, 8e reduces angiogenesis markers, mRNA expression levels of VEGFR-2 and FGFR-1, and production of growth factors. It also downregulated Notch1 protein expression and decreased TGF-β1 production. Molecular docking simulations suggest that 8e binds as a promising type II kinase inhibitor in the target kinases interacting with the key regions in their kinase domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Allam
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical and Clinical Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Gouda
- Pharmaceutical Research Department, Nawah Scientific, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Heba T Abdel-Mohsen
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
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Sabt A, Khedr MA, Eldehna WM, Elshamy AI, Abdelhameed MF, Allam RM, Batran RZ. New pyrazolylindolin-2-one based coumarin derivatives as anti-melanoma agents: design, synthesis, dual BRAF V600E/VEGFR-2 inhibition, and computational studies. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5907-5925. [PMID: 38370458 PMCID: PMC10870110 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00157e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most invasive skin cancer with the highest risk of death. The inhibition of BRAFV600E appears relevant for overcoming secondary resistance developed during melanoma treatment. BRAFV600E triggers angiogenesis via modification of the expression of angiogenic inducers, which play a crucial role in the metastasis of melanoma. Accordingly, the dual inhibition of the BRAFV600E/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway is considered a rational approach in the design of anti-melanoma candidates. In this study, a new class of pyrazolylindolin-2-one linked coumarin derivatives as dual BRAFV600E/VEGFR-2 inhibitors targeting A375 melanoma cells was designed. Target compounds were tailored to occupy the pockets of BRAFV600E and VEGFR-2. Most of the synthesized compounds demonstrated potent mean growth inhibitory activity against A375 cells. Compound 4j was the most active cytotoxic derivative, displaying an IC50 value at a low micromolar concentration of 0.96 μM with a significant safety profile. Moreover, 4j showed dual potent inhibitory activity against BRAFV600E and VEGFR-2 (IC50 = 1.033 and 0.64 μM, respectively) and was more active than the reference drug sorafenib. Furthermore, derivative 4j caused significant G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, induced apoptosis, and inhibited the migration of melanoma cells. Molecular docking showed that compound 4j achieved the highest ΔG value of -9.5 kcal mol-1 against BRAFV600E and significant ΔG of -8.47 kcal mol-1 against VEGFR-2. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationship study revealed that TPSA directly contributed to the anticancer activity of the tested compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sabt
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Khedr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kuwait University Safat 13110 Kuwait
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University 11795 Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh 33516 Egypt
| | - Abdelsamed I Elshamy
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Abdelhameed
- Pharmacology Department, Medical and Clinical Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Rasha M Allam
- Pharmacology Department, Medical and Clinical Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Rasha Z Batran
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
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Alshannag F, Zaki RMM, Hemida E, ElBakry MMM, Noureldeen AFH. Endostatin and Cystatin C as Potential Biomarkers for Early Prediction of Preeclampsia. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42776-42786. [PMID: 38024766 PMCID: PMC10652833 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by new onset hypertension and proteinuria. Undoubtedly, some individuals do not fit precisely into this description, and it could be challenging to spot newly developed PE in females who already have hypertension or renal illness. Monitoring the disease's progression enables the optimization of delivery time while minimizing premature births. The current study explores the diagnostic benefits of serum endostatin and cystatin C in addition to serum and urinary magnesium (Mg) and fractional excretion magnesium (FEMg) for early prediction of PE. The population sample included 82 pregnant women divided into 3 groups: normal pregnancy group served as a control (n = 26), nonpreeclampsia (NPE, n = 34) group included pregnant women with one or more risk factors but did not progress to PE, and pregnant women who developed preeclampsia (PE, n = 22) group. Blood samples were withdrawn at two sampling times: at 12th to 16th and 24th to 26th weeks of gestation. Compared to normal pregnancy, results (X̅ ± SD) indicated a significant increase in serum endostatin in NPE at the first sample (10.78 ± 3.63 ng/mL) and the second sample (28.03 ± 3.79 ng/mL), while cystatin C was at the first sample (0.68 ± 0.06 mg/dL) and the second sample (0.71 ± 0.07 mg/dL). In the PE group, the serum endostatin was 18.86 ± 4.37 ng/mL at the first sampling time and 53.56 ± 9.76 ng/mL for the second sample. Serum cystatin C was also elevated in PE with X̅ ± SD equivalent to 0.73 ± 0.08 and 0.89 ± 0.08 mg/dL at the first and second samples, respectively. On the other hand, serum and urinary Mg in addition to FEMg levels did not significantly differ across the groups under study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis proved that both endostatin and cystatin C could be good indicators for PE. The findings imply that measuring endostatin and cystatin C at early pregnancy and before progression to PE may be effective in detecting the likelihood of PE. Endostatin could be more precise and sensitive in assessing the probability of PE than cystatin C; however, coupling of the two parameters may be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Alshannag
- Biochemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams
University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Radwa M. M. Zaki
- Obstetrics
and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Eman Hemida
- Ain
Shams Specialized Hospital, Cairo 11568, Egypt
| | - Mustafa M. M. ElBakry
- Biochemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams
University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Ismail MMF, Shawer TZ, Ibrahim RS, Abusaif MS, Kamal MM, Allam RM, Ammar YA. Novel quinoxaline-3-propanamides as VGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31908-31924. [PMID: 37915441 PMCID: PMC10616755 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 is a vital target for therapeutic mediation in various types of cancer. This study was aimed at exploring the cytotoxic activity of seventeen novel quinoxaline-3-propanamides against colon cancer (HCT-116) and breast cancer (MCF-7) using MTT assay. Results revealed that compounds 8, 9, and 14 elicited higher cytotoxicity than the reference drugs, doxorubicin (DOX) and sorafenib. Interestingly, they are more selective for HCT-116 (SI 11.98-19.97) and MCF-7 (SI 12.44-23.87) compared to DOX (SI HCT-116 0.72 and MCF-7 0.9). These compounds effectively reduced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2; among them, compound 14 displayed similar VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity to sorafenib (IC50 0.076 M). The ability of 14 to inhibit angiogenesis was demonstrated by a reduction in VEGF-A level compared to control. Furthermore, it induced a significant increase in the percentage of cells at pre-G1 phase by almost 1.38 folds (which could be indicative of apoptosis) and an increase in G2/M by 3.59 folds compared to the control experiment. A flow cytometry assay revealed that compound 14 triggered apoptosis via the programmed cell death and necrotic pathways. Besides, it caused a remarkable increase in apoptotic markers, i.e., caspase-3 p53 and BAX. When compared to the control, significant increase in the expression levels of caspase-3 from 47.88 to 423.10 and p53 from 22.19 to 345.83 pg per ml in MCF-7 cells. As well, it increased the proapoptotic protein BAX by 4.3 times while lowering the antiapoptotic marker BCL2 by 0.45 fold. Docking studies further supported the mechanism, where compound 14 showed good binding to the essential amino acids in the active site of VEGFR-2. Pharmacokinetic properties showed the privilege of these hits over sunitinib: they are not substrates of P-gp protein; this suggests that they have less chance to efflux out of the cell, committing maximum effect; and in addition, they do not allow permeation to the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda M F Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11754 Egypt
| | - Taghreed Z Shawer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11754 Egypt
| | - Rabab S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11754 Egypt
| | - Mostafa S Abusaif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Cairo 11754 Egypt
| | - Mona M Kamal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), 11754 Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Rasha M Allam
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical and Clinical Research Institute, National Research Centre 12622 Dokki Cairo Egypt
| | - Yousry A Ammar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Cairo 11754 Egypt
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Giri J, Modi D. Endometrial and placental stem cells in successful and pathological pregnancies. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:1509-1522. [PMID: 37338750 PMCID: PMC10352206 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The endometrium is a dynamic tissue that undergoes extensive remodeling during the menstrual cycle and further gets modified during pregnancy. Different kinds of stem cells are reported in the endometrium. These include epithelial stem cells, endometrial mesenchymal stem cells, side population stem cells, and very small embryonic-like stem cells. Stem cells are also reported in the placenta which includes trophoblast stem cells, side population trophoblast stem cells, and placental mesenchymal stem cells. The endometrial and placental stem cells play a pivotal role in endometrial remodeling and placental vasculogenesis during pregnancy. The dysregulation of stem cell function is reported in various pregnancy complications like preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth. However, the mechanisms by which it does so are yet elusive. Herein, we review the current knowledge of the different type of stem cells involved in pregnancy initiation and also highlight how their improper functionality leads to pathological pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeeta Giri
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), JM Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
| | - Deepak Modi
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), JM Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
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Şalk S, Yurtcu N, Çetin A. Predictive and diagnostic value of serum sVEGFR-1 level in women with preeclampsia: A prospective controlled study. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 19:268-274. [DOI: 10.4274/tjod.galenos.2022.38932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Abel T, Moodley J, Khaliq OP, Naicker T. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2: Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential in Preeclampsia Comorbidity with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213752. [PMID: 36430232 PMCID: PMC9691176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review explored the role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in the synergy of preeclampsia (PE), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Downregulation of VEGFR-2 in PE promotes endothelial dysfunction and prevents endothelial cell (EC) migration, proliferation, and differentiation. The HIV-1 accessory protein, tat (trans-activator of transcription), prevents VEGFR-2 signaling via the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) ligand. Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) may cause immune reconstitution, impaired decidualization, and endothelial injury, thus may be a risk factor for PE development. The VEGF/VEGFR-2 interaction may be associated with SARS-CoV-2-related pulmonary oedema. Endothelial dysfunction and heightened inflammation are both associated with PE, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection; therefore, it is plausible that both characteristics may be exacerbated in the synergy of these events. In addition, this review explored microRNAs (miR) regulating VEGFR-2. An overexpression of miR-126 is evident in PE, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection; thus, modulating the expression of miR-126 may be a therapeutic strategy. However, the involvement of microRNAs in PE, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection needs further investigating. Since these conditions have been evaluated independently, this review attempts to predict their clinical manifestations in their synergy, as well as independently; thereby providing a platform for early diagnosis and therapeutic potential in PE, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashlen Abel
- Women’s Health and HIV Research Group, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Women’s Health and HIV Research Group, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Olive P. Khaliq
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institution, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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Soobryan N, Kumar A, Moodley J, Mackraj I. An observational study of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women of African ancestry. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:2698-2703. [PMID: 35866241 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2099253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDPs) are the leading cause of maternal and perinatal deaths worldwide. Despite the widely reported multisystemic pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia and other HDPs, it is unknown whether these disorders represent a continuum or separate entities making clinical diagnosis a challenge. This study aimed to investigate angiogenic, metabolic and immunoregulatory specific profiles of hypertensive and gestationally matched normotensive pregnancies. A total of 200 pregnancies from a regional hospital in South Africa, via convenience sampling, were quantitatively analysed for circulating sFlt-1; PlGF; VEGF; sENG; PAPP-A; PP13; ADAMTS 12; TGF-β1 in maternal serum samples using ELISA technique. Serum protein markers TGF-β1, sENG and PAPP-A were significantly increased (p < .05) in early-onset pre-eclampsia vs. NG1 groups. sFlt-1 was significantly higher in late-onset pre-eclampsia vs NG2 groups. The GH group showed a significant increase in TGF-β1 and PAPP-A vs. NG1 counterpart. ADAMTS12 and sENG were significantly lower in gestational hypertension vs. early-onset pre-eclampsia. No significant differences were seen in PlGF, VEGF and PP13 levels across the groups. These changes show the HDP spectrum has distinct characteristics on the angiogenic profile. Based on these results, further validation of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension is warranted.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Hypertensive pregnancy disorders are a public health problem with adverse effects on both mother and neonate. The elusive pathogenesis of this syndrome combined with the late prevalence of symptoms leaves clinicians with a myriad of theories and indefinite treatments. The investigation into conventional anti-/angiogenic factors has been extensively studied in pre-eclampsia patients only. The overlapping clinical presentation of pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension further complicates the diagnosis of disorders.What do the results of this study add? The investigation of novel angiogenic, metabolic and inflammatory markers will firstly contribute to generating a database for researchers both nationally and internationally. This combinatory triad of markers will assist in elucidating and differentiating between early- and late-onset preeclampsia versus gestational hypertension. The results of our cohort study suggest possible early diagnostic markers for pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Research in this area will contribute to an improvement in early disease management which will ultimately lead to a reduction in health care costs and mortality rate locally and globally. It will also enforce diagnostic and prognostic markers for hypertensive pregnancy diseases and warrant further investigation into the proteins primarily involved in the trophoblastic invasion. This will then clarify whether these two closely related hypertensive disorders represent a continuum or two separate entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerolen Soobryan
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ajit Kumar
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, Republic of South Africa
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Women's Health and HIV Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Irene Mackraj
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Martín-Estal I, Castorena-Torres F. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Energy-Dense Diet: What Is the Role of the Insulin/IGF Axis? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:916042. [PMID: 35813659 PMCID: PMC9259869 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.916042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), is one of the most important pregnancy complications affecting approximately 15% of pregnant women. It is related to several gestational adverse outcomes in the fetus, e.g., macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, stillbirth, neonatal hypoglycemia, and respiratory distress. Women with GDM have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. The pathogenesis of GDM is not completely understood; nevertheless, two factors could contribute to its development: β-cell dysfunction and failure in insulin secretion in response to insulin resistance induced by gestation. Both processes, together with the physiological activities of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), play a crucial role in glucose transport to the fetus and hence, fetal growth and development. IGFs (both IGF-1 and IGF-2) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) regulate glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Maternal nutritional status determines the health of the newborn, as it has substantial effects on fetal growth and development. Maternal obesity and an energy-dense diet can cause an increase in insulin and IGF-1 serum levels, producing metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, GDM, and high birth weight (> 4,000 g) due to a higher level of body fat. In this way, in GDM pregnancies there is an increase in IGF-1 and IGF-2 serum levels, and a decrease in IGFBP-1 and 4 serum levels, suggesting the crucial role of the insulin/IGF system in this gestational outcome. Here, the present review tries to elucidate the role that energy-dense diets and the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway perform in GDM pregnancies.
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Dijmărescu AL, Boldeanu L, Radu M, Rotaru I, Siminel MA, Manolea MM, Vrabie SC, Novac MB, Boldeanu MV, Tănase F. The potential value of diagnostic and predictive serum biomarkers for preeclampsia. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2021; 62:981-989. [PMID: 35673817 PMCID: PMC9289696 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.62.4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE), one of the classes of hypertensive pregnancy disorders, is one of the three causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors are useful markers in predicting and diagnosing PE. AIM This study aims to detect and measure the serum level of some biomarkers [hypoxia-inducible factor-1 subunit alpha (HIF-1A), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interferon-gamma-inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13)] in patients with PE and their correlation with the severity of the disease, to find a good predictor for PE. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study aims to monitor 48 pregnant women who address obstetric consultation and who present risk factors for PE, and a control group with characteristics similar to the study group. Patients were divided into three groups: Group I (n=15) including normal pregnant (NP) women with blood pressure <140∕90 mmHg, without proteinuria, Group II (n=18) including patients with mild PE (MildPE), Group III (n=15) including patients with severe PE (SeverePE). The analysis of serum biomarkers was based on a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), according to the manufacturer's instructions. RESULTS In our study, we found that all biomarkers investigated have higher concentrations in the serum of patients with SeverePE and MildPE than those in the control subjects (Group I, NP), the concentrations were increasing along with the disease activity. The means concentrations of HIF-1A, VEGF, IP-10, MMP-13, better correlated with indices in SeverePE group than in MildPE group. We found that VEGF was the biomarker that best correlates with indices that assess the severity of PE. The best separation of patients with SeverePE from those with MildPE can be done with the help of MMP-13 (82% accuracy), followed by VEGF (80.40% accuracy) and the least good detection being done by dosing IP-10. CONCLUSIONS We can say that, due to high specificity diagnostic accuracy, determination of serum concentrations of MMP-13 and VEGF, could be useful in the diagnosis and distinguishing of patients with SeverePE and may prove useful in the monitoring of the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda Lorena Dijmărescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Lidia Boldeanu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Mirela Radu
- Department of Emergency Medicine and First Aid, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Ionela Rotaru
- Department of Hematology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Maria Magdalena Manolea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Sidonia Cătălina Vrabie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Marius Bogdan Novac
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihail Virgil Boldeanu
- Department of Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Medico Science SRL – Stem Cell Bank Unit, Craiova, Romania
| | - Florentina Tănase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
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Model for Early Prediction of Preeclampsia: A Nested Case Controlled Study in Indian Women. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2021; 72:299-306. [PMID: 35923506 PMCID: PMC9339447 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-021-01511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Preeclampsia (PE) affects 5-7% of the pregnancies worldwide, and is one of the most dreaded disorders of pregnancy contributing to maternal and neonatal mortality. PE is mostly presented in the third trimester of pregnancy. Here, we used serum placental growth factor (PIGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) to develop a model for predicting PE in Indian women in early second trimester. Methods In this case-control study, a total 1452 healthy pregnant women were recruited. Blood samples were collected at the following gestational weeks (GWs), 12-20 (GW1), 21-28 (GW2) and 29-term (GW3), and post-delivery. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by anthropometric measurements. Serum sFlt-1, PIGF and VEGF were analyzed by ELISA. A predictive model for PE was developed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results In PE cases, serum PlGF and VEGF levels were significantly lower at each GW, while serum sFlt-1 was lower only at GW1, relative to age-matched controls, (n = 132/group). Age-matched comparison between PE cases and controls indicated that sFlt-1 was associated with decreased PE outcome (Odds ratio. OR = 0.988, CI = 0.982-0.993), whereas sFlt-1/PlGF ratio (OR = 1.577, CI = 1.344-1.920) and BMI (OR = 1.334, CI = 1.187-1.520) were associated with increased PE outcome. Logistic regression was used to develop a predictive model for PE at GW1. Using testing dataset, model was externally validated which resulted in 88% accuracy in predicting PE cases at 0.5 probability cutoff. Conclusion Prediction model using sFlt-1, sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and BMI may be useful to predict PE as early as 12-20 weeks in women with optimal sensitivity and specificity.
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martínez O, Saez MA, Álvarez-Mon MA, Gómez-Lahoz AM, Bravo C, Luis JADL, Sainz F, Coca S, Asúnsolo Á, Monserrat J, Guijarro LG, Álvarez-Mon M, Bujan J, García-Honduvilla N. Abnormal proinflammatory and stressor environmental with increased the regulatory cellular IGF-1/PAPP-A/STC and Wnt-1/β-Catenin canonical pathway in placenta of women with Chronic venous Disease during Pregnancy. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2814-2827. [PMID: 34220309 PMCID: PMC8241785 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.58992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower limbs venous insufficiency refers to a wide variety of venous disorders grouped by the term of chronic venous disease (CVD). Hemodynamic and hormonal changes related to pregnancy period, may promote the development of CVD affecting approximately 1 in 3 women. It has been shown that the presence of this condition is associated with damage and placental suffering. Thus, taking IGF-1/PAPP-A/STC-2, inflammatory cytokines production, PI3K/Akt and Wnt/ β-catenin pathways as a part of the alterations that occurs in the placenta due to CVD, the aim of this study will be to examine the main components of these pathways. Genic and protein expression of PAPP-A, STC-2, IGF-1, IRS-4 Wnt-1, β-catenin, c-myc, Cyclin D1, IL-4/IL-6 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway will be analysed through RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical techniques in women with CVD (n=62) and pregnant women without this condition (HC) (n=52). PAPP-A, IGF-1, IL-4, IL-6, IRS-4, PI3K, Akt, mTOR, Wnt-1, β-catenin, c-myc and Cyclin D1 expression were found to be increased in women with CVD, whereas STC-2 were decreased in this group, compared to non-affected women. Our study has demonstrated that IGF-1/PAPP-A/STC-2 axis, PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, along with c-myc, Cyclin D1 and inflammatory cytokines are altered in placenta women with CVD. These results extent the knowledge that CVD is associated to a placenta damage with abnormal tissue environment and cellular regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Gómez-Lahoz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Coral Bravo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.,Service of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Central University Hospital of Defense-UAH, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A De León Luis
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid 28009, Spain.,Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Sainz
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Unit, Central University Hospital of Defense-UAH, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Santiago Coca
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.,University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.,University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain.,Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.,University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.,University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
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