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Yang C, Zhu Z, Wang G, Liu Z, Shu C, Guo J, Wan Q. Fluoxetin suppresses tau phosphorylation and modulates the interaction between tau and tubulin in the hippocampus of CUMS rats. Neurosci Lett 2024; 836:137870. [PMID: 38852764 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Depression is considered a crucial psychiatric disease correlated with neuronal-dysfunctions induced by stress-stimuli. This study aimed to investigate effect of Fluoxetine (FL) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and explore the associated mechanisms. CUMS rat model was established by treating with lots of stresses. CUMS rats were administered FL, SB216763 (SB), Wortmannin (WT) alone or in combination. CUMS rats were administered 1 % sugar water to conduct sugar water consumption experiment. Acet-Tub, Tyr-Tub, tau46, p-tau-Ser199/202, p-tau-Ser396, p-tau-Ser231, expression was examined using immunohistochemical assay and western blotassay. Interaction between tau and tubulin was evaluated with immunoprecipitation assay. Double immunohistochemical assay was used to identify interaction between Nestin and Tau. The results indicated that FL treatment only increased sugar consumption of CUMS rats (P < 0.05), but also strengthened effects of SB and WT. FL significantly treatment decreased tau phosphorylation (p-tau) in hippocampal tissues of rats compared to those of rats in CUMS group (P < 0.05). FL treatment markedly decreased Acet-Tub and increased Tyr-Tub expression in hippocampal tissues of rats compared to those of rats in CUMS group (P < 0.05). The effects of FL treatment on p-tau down-regulation and tubulin modulation in hippocampal tissues were independent from PI3K and GSK-3 signaling pathways. FL treatment could also enhance proliferation and total tau of newborn neurons of CUMS rats. FL treatment strengthened interaction between tau and botulin in hippocampal tissues of CUMS rats. In conclusion, Fluoxetin suppressed phosphorylation of tau and modulated the interaction between tau and tubulin in hippocampus of adult CUMS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixian Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhui Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qirong Wan
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Huang Y, Chen W, Li X, Tan T, Wang T, Qiu S, Li G, Yang C, Li M, Duan L. Efficacy and mechanism of acupuncture in animal models of depressive-like behaviors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1330594. [PMID: 38426019 PMCID: PMC10902032 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1330594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have investigated the efficacy of acupuncture in treating depression, but the mechanism of acupuncture for depression is still controversial and there is a lack of meta-analysis of mechanisms. Consequently, we investigated acupuncture's efficacy and mechanism of depression. Methods We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science. The SYRCLE Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess bias risk. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.0 for indicators of depression mechanisms, body weight and behavioral tests. Results A total of 22 studies with 497 animals with depressive-like behaviors were included. Meta-analysis showed that acupuncture significantly increased BDNF [SMD = 2.40, 95% CI (1.33, 3.46); I2 = 86.6%], 5-HT [SMD = 2.28, 95% CI (1.08, 3.47); I2 = 87.7%] compared to the control group (p < 0.05), and significantly reduced IL-1β [SMD = -2.33, 95% CI (-3.43, -1.23); I2 = 69.6%], CORT [SMD = -2.81, 95% CI (-4.74, -0.87); I2 = 86.8%] (p < 0.05). Acupuncture improved body weight [SMD = 1.35, 95% CI (0.58, 2.11); I2 = 84.5%], forced swimming test [SMD = -1.89, 95% CI (-2.55, -1.24); I2 = 76.3%], open field test (crossing number [SMD = 3.08, 95% CI (1.98, 4.17); I2 = 86.7%], rearing number [SMD = 2.53, 95% CI (1.49, 3.57); I2 = 87.0%]) (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Conclusion Acupuncture may treat animals of depressive-like behaviors by regulating neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, inflammatory cytokines, neuroendocrine system. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023403318, identifier (CRD42023403318).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingfu Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tan
- Clinical Medical of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tunyi Wang
- Clinical Medical of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shishi Qiu
- Clinical Medical of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- Clinical Medical of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Yang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Clinical Medical of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lining Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Tong T, Chen Y, Hao C, Shen J, Chen W, Cheng W, Yan S, Li J, Li Y, Gulizhaerkezi T, Zeng J, Meng X. The effects of acupuncture on depression by regulating BDNF-related balance via lateral habenular nucleus BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway in rats. Behav Brain Res 2023; 451:114509. [PMID: 37244435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a major mental disease worldwide, causing dysfunction of Lateral Habenular (LHb). As a non-invasive alternative, acupuncture (AP) has been widely used to treat depression in clinic, yet few basic studies have been focused on the effects and mechanism of acupuncture on synaptic plasticity in LHb. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of the antidepressant effect of acupuncture. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), AP, fluoxetine (FLX), acupoint catgut embedding (ACE), sham-ACE groups (n = 9/group). Rats were given a 28-day treatment at the Shangxing (GV23) and Fengfu (GV16) acupoints with acupuncture, ACE, sham-ACE or fluoxetine (2.1 mg/kg). The results showed that AP, FLX and ACE suppressed the behavioral deficits, increased the level of the 5-hydroxytryptamine and FNDC5/IRISIN in serum, also reduced the expression of pro-BDNF impacted by CUMS. Both AP and FLX ameliorated the %area of IBA-1, GFAP, BrdU and DCX in the LHb and increased the expression of BDNF/TrkB/CREB, with non-significant difference between the two groups These findings suggest that AP therapy relieves depression-related manifestations in depressed rats, suggesting a potential mechanism via the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway in LHb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China; Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Chonyao Hao
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Simin Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Tuergong Gulizhaerkezi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Zeng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.
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Lyu Q, Zhou X, Shi LQ, Chen HY, Lu M, Ma XD, Ren L. Exosomes may be the carrier of acupuncture treatment for major depressive disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1107265. [PMID: 36873772 PMCID: PMC9978012 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1107265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing all over the world. There is a great need for complementary or alternative therapies with high safety, few side effects, and precise efficacy to care for MDD. In China, acupuncture has significant laboratory data and clinical trials to demonstrate its antidepressant efficacy. However, there is no clear answer as to how it works. Exosomes are membranous vesicles that rely on cellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs) fused to the cell membrane for release into the extracellular matrix. Almost all cell types are capable of producing and releasing exosomes. As a result, exosomes contain complex RNAs and proteins from their relatives (Cells that secretes exosomes). They can cross biological barriers and participate in biological activities, such as cell migration, angiogenesis, and immune regulation. These properties have made them a popular research topic. Some experts have suggested that exosomes may serve as delivery vehicles for acupuncture to work. This presents both an opportunity and a new challenge for improving the protocols of acupuncture as a treatment for MDD. To better define the relationship between MDD, exosomes, and acupuncture, we reviewed the literature from the last few years. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials and basic trials evaluating acupuncture in the treatment or prevention of MDD, the role of exosomes in the development and progression of MDD, and the role of exosomes in acupuncture. We believe that acupuncture may affect the distribution of exosomes in vivo, and exosomes may be a new carrier for acupuncture treatment of MDD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Lyu
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Liu-Qing Shi
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Hai-Yang Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xian-De Ma
- Teaching and Experiment Center, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Ren
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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Xu MM, Guo P, Ma QY, Zhou X, Wei YL, Wang L, Chen Y, Guo Y. Can acupuncture enhance therapeutic effectiveness of antidepressants and reduce adverse drug reactions in patients with depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 20:305-320. [PMID: 35595611 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some depressed patients receive acupuncture as an adjunct to their conventional medications. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide evidence on whether acupuncture can enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of antidepressants for treating depression, and explore whether acupuncture can reduce the adverse reactions associated with antidepressants. SEARCH STRATEGY English and Chinese databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until December 1, 2021. INCLUSION CRITERIA RCTs with a modified Jadad scale score ≥ 4 were included if they compared a group of participants with depression that received acupuncture combined with antidepressants with a control group that received antidepressants alone. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS Meta-analysis was performed, and statistical heterogeneity was assessed based on Cochran's Q statistic and its related P-value. Primary outcomes were the reduction in the severity of depression and adverse reactions associated with antidepressants, while secondary outcomes included remission rate, treatment response, social functioning, and change in antidepressant dose. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to evaluate the overall quality of evidence in the included studies. RESULTS This review included 16 studies (with a total of 1958 participants). Most studies were at high risk of performance bias and at low or unclear risk of selection bias, detection bias, attrition bias, reporting bias, and other bias. Analysis of the 16 RCTs showed that, compared with antidepressants alone, acupuncture along with antidepressants reduced the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17) scores (standard mean difference [SMD] -0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.55 to -0.33, P < 0.01; I2 = 14%), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores (SMD -0.53, 95% CI -0.84 to -0.23, P < 0.01; I2 = 79%), and the Side Effect Rating Scale (SERS) scores (SMD -1.11, 95% CI -1.56 to -0.66, P < 0.01; I2 = 89%). Compared with antidepressants alone, acupuncture along with antidepressants improved World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF scores (SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.44, P < 0.01; I2 = 15%), decreased the number of participants who increased their antidepressant dosages (relative risk [RR] 0.32, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.48, P < 0.01; I2 = 0%), and resulted in significantly higher remission rates (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.83, P < 0.01; I2 = 0%) and treatment responses (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.47, P < 0.01; I2 = 19%) in terms of HAMD-17 scores. The HAMD-17, SDS and SERS scores were assessed as low quality by GRADE and the other indices as being of moderate quality. CONCLUSION Acupuncture as an adjunct to antidepressants may enhance the therapeutic effectiveness and reduce the adverse drug reactions in patients receiving antidepressants. These findings must be interpreted with caution, as the evidence was of low or moderate quality and there was a lack of comparative data with a placebo control. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION INPLASY202150008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Min Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China; Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Pei Guo
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qing-Yu Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Long Wei
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/Third Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China.
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Li P, Huang W, Yan YN, Cheng W, Liu S, Huang Y, Chen W, Chen YP, Gao Y, Lu W, Xu Y, Meng X. Acupuncture Can Play an Antidepressant Role by Regulating the Intestinal Microbes and Neurotransmitters in a Rat Model of Depression. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e929027. [PMID: 34039946 PMCID: PMC8168287 DOI: 10.12659/msm.929027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupuncture, which has many good effects and few adverse effects, is widely recognized as an alternative therapy for depression in clinical practice. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of acupuncture in antidepressant treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this experiment, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), acupuncture, and fluoxetine groups. The CUMS, acupuncture, and fluoxetine groups were orphaned and subjected to chronic unpredictable stress for 6 weeks, and the acupuncture and fluoxetine groups were treated with their respective intervention in weeks 4-6. The body weight of rats was monitored weekly. After behavioral tests were completed, serum, feces, and hippocampal tissue of rats were collected. RESULTS The results showed that the acupuncture and fluoxetine treatments could alleviate the behavioral changes caused by CUMS. The treatments increased the total distance of rat crossing in the open-field test, prolonged the activity time of the open cross maze in the open arm, and improved the rate of sucrose consumption in the sucrose preference test. In addition, both the decreased level of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in serum and hippocampus caused by CUMS were improved after the treatments with acupuncture and fluoxetine, and the decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling and the astrocytes in the hippocampus caused by CUMS were increased after the treatments with acupuncture and fluoxetine. Acupuncture and fluoxetine also decreased the ß isoform of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the hippocampus, which was increased by CUMS. Furthermore, acupuncture regulated intestinal microbial disorders caused by CUMS, which reduced the relative abundance ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes in rats. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental results indicate that acupuncture can alleviate depression-like performance in CUMS rats by regulating intestinal microbes and neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Yi-Ning Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Wenjing Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Siyu Liu
- Long Yan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longyan, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Yi-Ping Chen
- Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yuxun Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Weicheng Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Yijing Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Xianjun Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China (mainland)
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Tao Y, Xie Z, Shi J, Ou R, Wu H, Shi H, Huang F, Wu X. Hippocampal mRNA expression profiling in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Brain Res Bull 2020; 162:11-19. [PMID: 32534010 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity, affecting a person's thoughts, behavior, motivation, feelings and sense of well-being, which is associated with dramatical gene expression changes in hippocampus. Rodents induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) demonstrate typical depression-like behaviors similar to clinical patients, therefore, are commonly used as a model for depression and antidepressant study. In order to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of depression, in the present study, the hippocampal mRNA expression profile of mice exposed to CUMS for 5 weeks was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform followed by enrichment analysis, including Hierarchical Cluster, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Totally, 346 differently expressed mRNAs, including 208 downregulated and 138 upregulated, were identified in the hippocampus of the CUMS mice. KEGG biological pathway analysis showed that the upregulated and downregulated mRNAs were mostly enriched in 29 pathways and 8 pathways, respectively. PPI network analysis exposed that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was the crucial node with high connectivity degree. Additionally, most of these genes in PPI network analysis have previously been linked to energy metabolism and corticosterone responses. Overall, our results indicate the possible novel molecular targets for the therapy of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zhejun Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jiachen Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Rongliwen Ou
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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