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Wang X, Wu H, Fang C, Li Z. Insights into innate immune cell evasion by Chlamydia trachomatis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1289644. [PMID: 38333214 PMCID: PMC10850350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1289644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis, is a kind of obligate intracellular pathogen. The removal of C. trachomatis relies primarily on specific cellular immunity. It is currently considered that CD4+ Th1 cytokine responses are the major protective immunity against C. trachomatis infection and reinfection rather than CD8+ T cells. The non-specific immunity (innate immunity) also plays an important role in the infection process. To survive inside the cells, the first process that C. trachomatis faces is the innate immune response. As the "sentry" of the body, mast cells attempt to engulf and remove C. trachomatis. Dendritic cells present antigen of C. trachomatis to the "commanders" (T cells) through MHC-I and MHC-II. IFN-γ produced by activated T cells and natural killer cells (NK) further activates macrophages. They form the body's "combat troops" and produce immunity against C. trachomatis in the tissues and blood. In addition, the role of eosinophils, basophils, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), natural killer T (NKT) cells, γδT cells and B-1 cells should not be underestimated in the infection of C. trachomatis. The protective role of innate immunity is insufficient, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) caused by C. trachomatis infections tend to be insidious and recalcitrant. As a consequence, C. trachomatis has developed a unique evasion mechanism that triggers inflammatory immunopathology and acts as a bridge to protective to pathological adaptive immunity. This review focuses on the recent advances in how C. trachomatis evades various innate immune cells, which contributes to vaccine development and our understanding of the pathophysiologic consequences of C. trachomatis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhongyu Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Peel E, Cheng Y, Djordjevic JT, O’Meally D, Thomas M, Kuhn M, Sorrell TC, Huston WM, Belov K. Koala cathelicidin PhciCath5 has antimicrobial activity, including against Chlamydia pecorum. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249658. [PMID: 33852625 PMCID: PMC8046226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Devastating fires in Australia over 2019-20 decimated native fauna and flora, including koalas. The resulting population bottleneck, combined with significant loss of habitat, increases the vulnerability of remaining koala populations to threats which include disease. Chlamydia is one disease which causes significant morbidity and mortality in koalas. The predominant pathogenic species, Chlamydia pecorum, causes severe ocular, urogenital and reproductive tract disease. In marsupials, including the koala, gene expansions of an antimicrobial peptide family known as cathelicidins have enabled protection of immunologically naïve pouch young during early development. We propose that koala cathelicidins are active against Chlamydia and other bacteria and fungi. Here we describe ten koala cathelicidins, five of which contained full length coding sequences that were widely expressed in tissues throughout the body. Focusing on these five, we investigate their antimicrobial activity against two koala C. pecorum isolates from distinct serovars; MarsBar and IPTaLE, as well as other bacteria and fungi. One cathelicidin, PhciCath5, inactivated C. pecorum IPTaLE and MarsBar elementary bodies and significantly reduced the number of inclusions compared to the control (p<0.0001). Despite evidence of cathelicidin expression within tissues known to be infected by Chlamydia, natural PhciCath5 concentrations may be inadequate in vivo to prevent or control C. pecorum infections in koalas. PhciCath5 also displayed antimicrobial activity against fungi and Gram negative and positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Electrostatic interactions likely drive PhciCath5 adherence to the pathogen cell membrane, followed by membrane permeabilisation leading to cell death. Activity against E. coli was reduced in the presence of 10% serum and 20% whole blood. Future modification of the PhciCath5 peptide to enhance activity, including in the presence of serum/blood, may provide a novel solution to Chlamydia infection in koalas and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Peel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julianne T. Djordjevic
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denis O’Meally
- Center for Gene Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Kuhn
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tania C. Sorrell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wilhelmina M. Huston
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Fan X, Wang D, Chen X, Wang R. Effects of Anesthesia on Postoperative Recurrence and Metastasis of Malignant Tumors. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:7619-7633. [PMID: 32922072 PMCID: PMC7457832 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s265529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to control the recurrence and metastasis of malignant tumors; furthermore, anesthesia is considered one of the main influencing factors. There has been increasing clinical attention on the effects of anesthetic drugs and methods on postoperative tumor growth and metastasis. We reviewed the effects of anesthesia on tumor recurrence and metastasis; specifically, the effects of anesthetic agents, anesthesia methods, and related factors during the perioperative period on the tumor growth and metastasis were analyzed. This study can provide reference standards for rational anesthesia formulations and cancer-related pain analgesia protocols for surgical procedures in patients with malignant tumors. Moreover, it contributes toward an experimental basis for the improvement and development of novel anesthetic agents and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui 230001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Delong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui 230001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueran Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People's Republic of China.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiting Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui 230001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Du Q, Liu J, Tian D, Zhang X, Zhu J, Qiu W, Wu J. Long Noncoding RNA LINC00173 Promotes NUTF2 Expression Through Sponging miR-765 and Facilitates Tumorigenesis in Glioma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:7211-7217. [PMID: 32848473 PMCID: PMC7429190 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s262279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. This study aimed to investigate the function and mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00173 in the regulation of glioma progression. Methods LINC00173 expression was measured using qRT-PCR. Survival rate was analyzed through Kaplan–Meier method. CCK8, colony formation and EdU assays were performed to measure cell proliferation while transwell was used to determine cell migration and invasion. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to test RNA interaction. Results LINC00173 expression was elevated in glioma tissues and cells. LINC00173 high expression predicted poor prognosis. Loss of LINC00173 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion. LINC00173 interacted with miR-765 to enhance NUTF2 expression. MiR-765 expression was negatively correlated with LINC00173 and NUTF2 in glioma tissues. NUTF2 level was increased in glioma tissues. NUTF2 overexpression rescued the potential of proliferation, migration and invasion in LINC00173-silenced cells. Conclusion Our research demonstrated that LINC00173 promotes glioma progression through targeting miR-765/NUTF2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Du
- Neurosurgery Department, Lishui City People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Neurosurgery Department, Lishui City People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Tian
- Neurosurgery Department, Lishui City People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Neurosurgery Department, Lishui City People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Zhu
- Neurosurgery Department, Lishui City People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwen Qiu
- Neurology Department, Lishui City People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Pathology Department, Lishui City People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, People's Republic of China
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