Munhoz RP, Tumas V, Pedroso JL, Silveira-Moriyama L. The clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.
ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2024;
82:1-10. [PMID:
38325391 PMCID:
PMC10849824 DOI:
10.1055/s-0043-1777775]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
After more than 200 years since its initial description, the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains an often-challenging endeavor, with broad implications that are fundamental for clinical management. Despite major developments in understanding it's pathogenesis, pathological landmarks, non-motor features and potential paraclinical clues, the most accepted diagnostic criteria remain solidly based on a combination of clinical signs. Here, we review this process, discussing its history, clinical criteria, differential diagnoses, ancillary diagnostic testing, and the role of non-motor and pre-motor signs and symptoms.
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