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Mudri D, Bilić Ćurčić I, Meštrović L, Mihaljević I, Kizivat T. Hyperthyroidism and Wnt Signaling Pathway: Influence on Bone Remodeling. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020241. [PMID: 36837860 PMCID: PMC9968154 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland, characterized by increased production of thyroid hormones, which can affect many different organ systems in the body. Among other problems, it can cause disorders of the skeletal system, shortening the bone remodeling cycle and causing a decrease in bone density. The Wnt cascade signaling pathway and the β-catenin, as a part of the canonical Wnt pathway, also play roles in maintaining bone mass. Inhibition of the Wnt pathway can cause bone loss, and its stimulation can increase it. The Wnt signaling pathway influences the effectiveness of thyroid hormones by affecting receptors for thyroid hormones and deiodinase, while thyroid hormones can change levels of β-catenin within the cell cytoplasm. This indicates that the Wnt pathway and thyroid hormone levels, including hyperthyroidism, are linked and may act together to change bone density. In this review article, we attempt to explain the interplay between thyroid hormones and the Wnt pathway on bone density, with a focus on directions for further research and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Mudri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Clinical Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Bilić Ćurčić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (I.B.Ć.); (T.K.)
| | - Lucija Meštrović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivica Mihaljević
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Clinical Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Croatia, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Kizivat
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Clinical Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (I.B.Ć.); (T.K.)
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Ye X, Liu J, Quan R, Lu Y, Zhang J. DKK1 affects survival of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by inducing resistance to radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2023; 181:109485. [PMID: 36690301 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved to treat various types of tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). However, most HNSC patients do not respond to ICIs. Radioimmunotherapy has been proposed to enhance the immune response rate in HNSC. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a secreted protein, plays important roles in the Wnt signaling pathways. Herein, we aimed to explore the effect of DKK1 on radioimmunotherapy in HNSC. METHODS We collected the gene expression profile and clinical information of HNSC patients from TCGA and GEO databases. The immune cell infiltration and immune score were assessed using R package CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE. The level of related pathways and biological processes were analyzed by GSEA. The signature scores of gene sets of interest were calculated by GSVA. We also performed cell viability and apoptosis assay, and clonogenic assay to investigate the radiation sensitivity of HSC-3 cells and CNE-2 cells after silencing DKK1 by siRNA. RESULTS We found DKK1 was significantly higher expressed in HNSC, and closely correlated with patients' survival time, especially the patients who received radiotherapy. DKK1-knockdown HSC-3 cells or CNE-2 cells showed a decrease in cell viability and colony formation, and an increase in apoptotic rate after radiation. DKK1high tumors showed a more immunosuppressive microenvironment with lower infiltration of T cells and higher infiltration of marrow-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). CONCLUSION Our data show that DKK1 can affect both radiotherapy and immunotherapy in HNSC, suggesting that DKK1 can be a potential target for radioimmunology in HNSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Ye
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rencui Quan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Park SJ, Cho JG, Han SH, Kim YM, Pak MG, Roh MS, Park JI. Dickkopf 4 Alone and in Combination with Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase as a Good Prognostic Biomarker for Human Colorectal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:9057735. [PMID: 37096225 PMCID: PMC10122595 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9057735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is affected by invasion and metastasis. Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LARS) was shown to be related to the growth and migration of lung cancer cells. Dickkopf 4 (DKK4) is known as a Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor, and its upregulation was reported in several cancers. However, the clinical significance of LARS and DKK4 in human CRC has not been clearly defined. We investigated the expression of LARS and DKK4 by immunohistochemical staining in tissue microarrays from 642 primary CRC patients and analyzed the relationship between their expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients. LARS and DKK4 expressions were not related to gender, age at surgery, histologic grade, size, tumor location, tumor invasion, or metastasis, but LARS expression was significantly correlated with TNM stage, N stage, and lymph node metastasis. DKK4 expression was inversely related to the TNM stage and N stage. Survival analysis demonstrated that the OS and DFS in the LARS high expression group were not different compared to the LARS low expression group. OS and DFS in the DKK4 high expression group were significantly higher than in the DKK4 low expression group. In addition, OS and DFS in the group with the combination of the LARS high/DKK4 low expression were significantly lower than in the LARS high/DKK4 high expression group. The low expression of DKK4 alone can be used as a predictor of relapse in CRC patients. In addition, DKK4 low expression in the case of LARS high expression can be used as a poor prognostic factor in CRC patients. Thus, our findings suggest that DKK4 alone or in combination with LARS at diagnosis may be a useful prognostic factor for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jeong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Dong-A University, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Peripheral Neuropathy Center, Dong-A University, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Gi Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Dong-A University, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Peripheral Neuropathy Center, Dong-A University, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heum Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Dong-A University, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Peripheral Neuropathy Center, Dong-A University, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gyoung Pak
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Sook Roh
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Dong-A University, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Peripheral Neuropathy Center, Dong-A University, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
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Liang J, Sun L, Li Y, Liu W, Li D, Chen P, Wang X, Hui J, Zhou J, Liu H, Cao T, Pang M, Guo M, Wang X, Zhao X, Lu Y. Wnt Signaling Modulator DKK4 Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Metastasis through an AKT/Wnt/β-catenin Negative Feedback Pathway. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102545. [PMID: 36181792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is implicated in most malignant cancers, especially in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). DKK4 is a classical inhibitory molecule of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, but its role in CRC is ambiguous, and the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we determined DKK4 expression was significantly upregulated in 23 CRC cell lines and 229 CRC tissues when analyzed by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Our analysis of tissue samples indicated the survival time of CRC patients with high DKK4 expression was longer than that of patients with medium-low DKK4 expression. We examined the effects of DKK4 on cell proliferation and metastasis by cell counting kit-8 assays, Transwell assays, and subcutaneous and metastatic mouse tumor models, and we discovered that DKK4 silencing promoted the metastasis of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our RNA-seq analysis revealed that AKT2, FZD6, and JUN, which play important roles in AKT and Wnt signaling, were significantly increased after DKK4 knockdown. DKK4 represses Wnt/β-catenin signaling by repressing FZD6 and AKT2/s552 β-catenin in CRC. Further experiments revealed recombinant Wnt3a and LiCl could induce DKK4 expression. Moreover, our bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays identified posttranscriptional regulators of DKK4 in CRC cells. In summary, DKK4 is elevated in CRC and inhibits cell metastasis by a novel negative feedback mechanism of the Wnt3a/DKK4/AKT/s552 β-catenin regulatory axis to restrict overactivation of Wnt activity in CRC. Therefore, DKK4 restoration may be applied as a potential CRC therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lina Sun
- The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Danxiu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Xingping People's Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Hui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinchi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Maogui Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Wnt Inhibitors and Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Graves' Disease Treated with Antithyroid Drugs: A Preliminary Prospective Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080711. [PMID: 36005583 PMCID: PMC9413978 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association of Wnt inhibitors with thyroid hormones, bone turnover markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with newly diagnosed Graves’ disease (GD) at the beginning of the antithyroid treatment and after a follow-up period of one year. The study included 37 patients with newly diagnosed GD who were treated with antithyroid drugs (ATD). At baseline and after one year, thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serum concentrations of sclerostin, and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and markers of bone turnover including osteocalcin (OC), beta-cross laps (β-CTX), and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were determined. After one year of ATD therapy sclerostin levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.001), whereas DKK1 levels were significantly increased (p = 0.01). In addition, BMD of the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck was significantly improved (p < 0.001), accompanied by an increase in OC, β-CTX, and DPD concentrations (p < 0.001). At baseline, sclerostin levels were positively associated with free triiodothyronine (FT3). Following ATD therapy, a positive correlation was observed between FT3 and DKK1 (p = 0.003), whereas a negative correlation was found between TSH and DKK1 (p = 0.04). Correlation analysis demonstrated no association of the sclerostin and DKK1 with other bone remodeling biomarkers OC, β-CTX, or DPD. Also, no significant correlation between sclerostin or DKK1 and T-score or BMD of the lumbar spine, hip, and femoral neck was observed at both time points. Conclusion: Observed differences in sclerostin and DKK1 serum following GD treatment indicate involvement of Wnt inhibitors in the etiopathogenesis of bone loss associated with hyperthyroidism. Furthermore, both sclerostin and DKK1 are involved in the reversal of changes in bone metabolism following ATD therapy, thus presenting potentially valuable bone remodeling markers worth further investigation.
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Zhou YX, Wang X, Pang DQ, Wang YM, Bai J, Tian F, Han D, Shi S, Hu L. Nomogram Incorporating the WNT/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway for Predicting the Survival of Cutaneous Melanoma. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:2751-2761. [PMID: 34188529 PMCID: PMC8236283 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s309616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate prediction of the survival of cutaneous melanoma (CM) permits the selection of the optimal treatment. Currently, the TNM stage has limitations in predicting the survival of CM. There is evidence that the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway has the potential to predict the CM prognosis. However, it still needs further investigation. Objective This study aims to establish a nomogram incorporating the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway to improve the predicted accuracy of the overall survival (OS) of CM. Methods Two hundred and eighty CM patients were recruited and followed up. The clinicopathological characteristics and the key genes of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway (VEGF, β-catenin, and DKK1) were chosen as potential variables associated with the OS. In the training cohort (n = 190), a nomogram was built to estimate the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS, and its discriminations and calibrations were valid by the verification cohort (n = 90). The predicted accuracies of the nomogram with or without the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and TNM stage were compared. Results A nomogram integrating independent risk factors (ulceration, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, Breslow thickness, dermal mitoses, β-catenin, VEGF, and DKK1), which were evaluated by a multivariate analysis, was constructed to predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS of CM patients. Good discrimination and calibration were obtained regardless of the training or validation datasets. The nomogram incorporating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway showed the highest accuracy [area under the curve (AUC)=0.914, 0.852, 0.785] compared with the nomogram without the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (AUC=0.693, 0.640, 0.615) and the TNM stage (AUC=0.726, 0.693, 0.673). Conclusion The prognostic value of the established nomogram incorporating the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway was better than it without WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway and TNM stage, which might be beneficial in the development of optimal treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Quan Pang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Man Wang
- Department of Radiation and Chemotherapy Oncology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwei Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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