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Cao F, Sun H, Yang Z, Bai Y, Hu X, Hou Y, Bian X, Liu Y. Multiple approaches revealed MGc80-3 as a somatic hybrid with HeLa cells rather than a gastric cancer cell line. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:155-168. [PMID: 37543987 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The short-tandem-repeats (STR) profiles of MGc80-3 and HeLa partially overlap, raising suspicion of contamination in the MGc80-3 cell line. However, there has not been any relevant study demonstrating whether MGc80-3 was fully replaced by HeLa cells, just mixed with HeLa cells (co-existing), or was a somatic hybrid with HeLa cells. In addition to STR profiling, various approaches, including single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyping, polymerase chain reaction, screening for human papillomaviruses type 18 (HPV-18) fragment, chromosome karyotyping, pathological examination of xenografts, tissue-specific-90-gene expression signature and high-throughput RNA sequencing were used to determine the nature of MGc80-3. Our study found that the abnormal STR profile, partially overlapping with that of HeLa cells (64.62% to 71.64%), could not verify MGc80-3 as a HeLa cell line. However, the STR 13.3 repeat allele in the D13S317 locus that seemed to be unique to HeLa cells was detected in MGc80-3. Almost all the MGc80-3 cells exhibited HPV-18 fragments in the genome as well as certain HeLa marker chromosomes, such as M7 and M12. The molecular assay of the 90-gene expression signature still considered MGc80-3 as a stomach cancer using an algorithmic analysis. The expression pattern of multiple genes in MGc80-3 was quite different from that in HeLa cells, which showed that certain characteristics belonged to gastric cancer cell lines. High throughput RNA sequencing showed the distinct patterns of gene expression in MGc80-3. In conclusion, MGc80-3 cell line is a somatic hybrid with HeLa cells rather than a pure gastric cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenli Yang
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocui Bian
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Shen C, Chai W, Han J, Zhang Z, Liu X, Yang S, Wang Y, Wang D, Wan F, Fan Z, Hu H. Identification and validation of a dysregulated TME-related gene signature for predicting prognosis, and immunological properties in bladder cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213947. [PMID: 37965307 PMCID: PMC10641729 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During tumor growth, tumor cells interact with their tumor microenvironment (TME) resulting in the development of heterogeneous tumors that promote tumor occurrence and progression. Recently, there has been extensive attention on TME as a possible therapeutic target for cancers. However, an accurate TME-related prediction model is urgently needed to aid in the assessment of patients' prognoses and therapeutic value, and to assist in clinical decision-making. As such, this study aimed to develop and validate a new prognostic model based on TME-associated genes for BC patients. Methods Transcriptome data and clinical information for BC patients were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and IMvigor210 databases, along with the MSigDB, were utilized to identify genes associated with TMEs (TMRGs). A consensus clustering approach was used to identify molecular clusters associated with TMEs. LASSO Cox regression analysis was conducted to establish a prognostic TMRG-related signature, with verifications being successfully conducted internally and externally. Gene ontology (GO), KEGG, and single-sample gene set enrichment analyses (ssGSEA) were performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The potential response to ICB therapy was estimated using the Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) algorithm and Immunophenoscore (IPS). Additionally, it was found that the expression level of certain genes in the model was significantly correlated with objective responses to anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 treatment in the IMvigor210, GSE111636, GSE176307, or Truce01 (registration number NCT04730219) cohorts. Finally, real-time PCR validation was performed on 10 paired tissue samples, and in vitro cytological experiments were also conducted on BC cell lines. Results In BC patients, 133 genes differentially expressed that were associated with prognosis in TME. Consensus clustering analysis revealed three distinct clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes. A novel prognostic model based on nine TMRGs (including C3orf62, DPYSL2, GZMA, SERPINB3, RHCG, PTPRR, STMN3, TMPRSS4, COMP) was identified, and a TMEscore for OS prediction was constructed, with its reliable predictive performance in BC patients being validated. MultiCox analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. A nomogram was developed to facilitate the clinical viability of TMEscore. Based on GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, biological processes related to ECM and collagen binding were significantly enriched among high-risk individuals. In addition, the low-risk group, characterized by a higher number of infiltrating CD8+ T cells and a lower burden of tumor mutations, demonstrated a longer survival time. Our study also found that TMEscore correlated with drug susceptibility, immune cell infiltration, and the prediction of immunotherapy efficacy. Lastly, we identified SERPINB3 as significantly promoting BC cells migration and invasion through differential expression validation and in vitro phenotypic experiments. Conclusion Our study developed a prognostic model based on nine TMRGs that accurately and stably predicted survival, guiding individual treatment for patients with BC, and providing new therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Shen
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wang Chai
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingwen Han
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobo Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinlei Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Donghuai Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangxin Wan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenqian Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
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Gong J, Song Y, Xu L, Che X, Hou K, Guo T, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Qu X. Retracted: Upregulation of Serine Proteinase Inhibitor Clade B Member 3 (SERPINB3) Expression by Stromal Cell-Derived Factor (SDF-1)/CXCR4/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Promotes Migration and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941964. [PMID: 37503556 PMCID: PMC10392222 DOI: 10.12659/msm.941964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Editors of Medical Science Monitor wish to inform you that the above manuscript has been retracted from publication due to concerns with the credibility and originality of the study, the manuscript content, and the Figure images. Reference: Jing Gong, Yongxi Song, Ling Xu, Xiaofang Che, Kezuo Hou, Tianshu Guo, Yu Cheng, Yunpeng Liu, Xiujuan Qu. Upregulation of Serine Proteinase Inhibitor Clade B Member 3 (SERPINB3) Expression by Stromal Cell-Derived Factor (SDF-1)/CXCR4/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-kB) Promotes Migration and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit, 2020; 26: e927411. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.927411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaonin, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaonin, PR China
| | - Kezuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaonin, PR China
| | - Tianshu Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaonin, PR China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaonin, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaonin, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaonin, PR China
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Zhao R, Liu J, Li Z, Zhang W, Wang F, Zhang B. Recent Advances in CXCL12/CXCR4 Antagonists and Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081541. [PMID: 35893797 PMCID: PMC9332179 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines can induce chemotactic cell migration by interacting with G protein-coupled receptors to play a significant regulatory role in the development of cancer. CXC chemokine-12 (CXCL12) can specifically bind to CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and is closely associated with the progression of cancer via multiple signaling pathways. Over recent years, many CXCR4 antagonists have been tested in clinical trials; however, Plerixafor (AMD3100) is the only drug that has been approved for marketing thus far. In this review, we first summarize the mechanisms that mediate the physiological effects of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Then, we describe the use of CXCL12/CXCR4 antagonists. Finally, we discuss the use of nano-based drug delivery systems that exert action on the CXCL12/CXCR4 biological axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Feng Wang
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-536-8462490 (B.Z.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-536-8462490 (B.Z.)
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Gu Y, Gu W, Xie R, Chen Z, Xu T, Fei Z. Role of CXCR4 as a Prognostic Biomarker Associated With the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654504. [PMID: 34568309 PMCID: PMC8457401 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for high rates of morbidity and mortality in the population. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a crucial role in GC progression, may serve as an optimal prognostic predictor of GC. In this study, we identified CXC motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) as a TME-related gene among thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We showed that CXCR4 can be used to predict the effect of immunotherapy in patients with GC. Methods: GC samples obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed for the presence of stroma (stromal score), the infiltration of immune cells (immune score) in tumor tissues, and the tumor purity (estimate score) using the ESTIMATE (Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data) algorithm. DEGs were sorted based on differences in the values of the three scores. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to determine the biological processes and pathways enriched in these DEGs. The correlations of scores with clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS) of patients with GC were assessed by the Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analyses. Through subsequent protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and univariate Cox regression analyses, CXCR4 was identified as a TME-related gene. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to assess the role of CXCR4 in the TME of GC. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to further explore the correlation between tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and CXCR4. Finally, the TISIDB database was used to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with GC. Results: We extracted 1231 TME-related DEGs and by an overlapping screening of PPI network and univariate Cox regression, CXCR4 was identified as a biomarker of TME, which deeply engaged in immune-related biological processes of gastric cancer and have close association with several immunocompetent cells. Conclusion: CXCR4 may be a useful biomarker of prognosis and an indicator of the TME in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenyue Gu
- Yancheng Third People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tongpeng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenghua Fei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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