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Major G, Bagnall AM, Bhar S, Bryant C, Dow B, Dunt D, Fearn M, Harper R, Leung WY, Mnatzaganian G, O'Bree B, Doyle C. A Scoping Review of the Measurement of Depression in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment. Clin Gerontol 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36163627 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2126809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression and cognitive impairment are disabling conditions that commonly occur together in older adults. The interaction is challenging when choosing appropriate measurement scales. This review aimed to summarize the scales to measure depression symptoms in older people with cognitive impairment, investigating how cognitive impairment is related to the choice of measurement, and how the setting may affect the choice of measurement. METHODS A scoping review of literature published between 2015 and 2021. RESULTS After screening 1580 articles, 26 were included in the review with 11 different measures of depression symptoms identified. The measures mostly commonly used were the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-Q). Most studies did not report on the usability of depression scales used with people with cognitive impairment and only two scales (CSDD and NPI-Q, not GDS) have been validated for use with this population. CONCLUSIONS Severe cognitive impairment was under-represented in the identified studies, and no association was detected between study setting, cognitive impairment and type of measure used. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinicians and researchers should consider both the cognitive status of participants and the setting they live in when choosing a measure of depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Major
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Bagnall
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Psychology Department, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina Bryant
- Emeritus, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Briony Dow
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emeritus, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Dunt
- Emeritus, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcia Fearn
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin Harper
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wing-Yin Leung
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Mnatzaganian
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Paramedicine, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bridget O'Bree
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colleen Doyle
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Psychology Department, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kondo E, Tabei KI, Okuno R, Akazawa K. Case Report: Accessible Digital Musical Instrument Can Be Used for Active Music Therapy in a Person With Severe Dementia and Worsening Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms: A Case Study Over a Year and a Half. Front Neurol 2022; 13:831523. [PMID: 35463125 PMCID: PMC9021004 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.831523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that accessible digital musical instruments can take into account the level of cognitive demands, previous studies have been conducted with patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and it is not known whether they can be used by people with moderate to severe dementia or dementia with worsening behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). The participant was an 88-year-old woman with vascular dementia (VaD) (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Neuropsychiatric Inventory [NPI] scores: 8 and 20, respectively). Music therapy (MT) was provided twice a week for 15 min, and MT sessions spanned over 18 months. For the MT, we used the cyber musical instrument with score (Cymis), an accessible digital musical instrument; it could be played using a touch panel and switches. The cognitive function of the participant declined further, with MMSE scores of 4 after 1 year and 0 after 1.5 years. BPSD peaked with the NPI score of 54 at 1 year and declined thereafter, although only apathy remained. Despite these changes, during MT, she was able to play the accessible digital musical instrument and focus on the performance. These results suggest that even patients with severe VaD can play an accessible digital instrument and continue active music therapy even if their BPSD progress with cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Kondo
- Nursing Care Health Facility Asahina, Medical Corporation Nakamurakai, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Tabei
- School of Industrial Technology, Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan Public University Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Okuno
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenzo Akazawa
- Advanced Applied Music Institute, Social Welfare Organization Kibounoie, Hyogo, Japan
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Lu G, Jia R, Liang D, Yu J, Wu Z, Chen C. Effects of music therapy on anxiety: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychiatry Res 2021; 304:114137. [PMID: 34365216 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of music therapy on anxiety from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The following electronic databases were utilized for selecting eligible studies that were published from inception to March 2021: PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science, and Embase. Standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) values were used to evaluate the efficacy of music therapy on anxiety. Thirty-two studies with 1,924 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Music therapy lasted an average of 7.5 sessions (range, 1-24 sessions), while the average follow-up duration was 7.75 weeks (range, 1-16 weeks). Music therapy significantly reduced anxiety compared to the control group at post-intervention (SMD = -0.36, 95% CI: -0.54 to -0.17, p < 0.05), but not at follow-up (SMD = -0.23, 95% CI: -0.53 to 0.08, p >0.05). Subgroup analysis found a significantly positive effect of music therapy on anxiety in < 60 and ≥ 60 age-group (SMD = -0.31, 95% CI: -0.52 to -0.09, p < 0.05; SMD = -0.45, 95% CI: -0.85 to -0. 05, p < 0.05), developed and developing country group (SMD = -0.28, 95% CI: -0.51 to -0.06, p < 0.05; SMD = -0.49, 95% CI: -0.80 to -0.17, p < 0.05), < 12 and ≥ 12 sessions group (SMD = -0.24, 95% CI: = -0.44 to -0.03, p < 0.05; SMD = -0.59, 95% CI: -0.95 to -0.22, p < 0.05), respectively. Our study indicated that music therapy can significantly improve anxiety during treatment. But given that only eight RCTs reported the effects of music therapy at follow-up and the duration of follow-up was inconsistent, further researches are needed on the lasting effects after the intervention is discontinued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Lu
- Institute of Business, School of Business, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Ruiying Jia
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Jingfen Yu
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
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