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Almasian Tehrani N, Azimi L, Armin S, Soleimani N, Fallah F, Karimi A, Shamsian BS, Nazari S, Alebouyeh M. Endogenous Bacteremia Caused by Intestinal Colonization of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CR E) in Immunocompromised Children. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:402. [PMID: 37624340 PMCID: PMC10458169 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8080402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection is life-threatening, especially for immunocompromised children. The source tracking of CRE could prevent bacteremia during hospitalization. In this study, the intestinal colonization of CRE and their translocation to blood were investigated. METHODS Stool samples from immunocompromised pediatric patients were collected after admission, and secondary stool and blood samples were collected in case of fever. After CRE phonotypic detection, the OXA-48, NDM-1, VIM, IMP, and KPC genes were detected by PCR. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) was used to determine the phylogenic relatedness of the blood and fecal isolates. RESULTS Bacteremia was recorded in 71.4% of the patients. Enterobacteriaceae spp. were recorded in 100% of the stool samples and 31% of the blood samples. The correlation between the length of stay (LOS), days of fever, chemotherapy regimens, and death rate was significant (p-value ≤ 0.05). OXA-48 was present in all CRE isolates in both the primary and the secondary stool samples and the blood samples. According to the phylogenetic data, 58.33% of the patients with bacteremia had identical blood and stool isolates. The death rate was 24.4% in children with CRE bacteremia. CONCLUSIONS The primary intestinal colonization with CRE in immunocompromised pediatrics and their translocation to blood was established in this study. The implementation of infection control programs and the application of infection prevention strategies for immunocompromised children is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Almasian Tehrani
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1546815514, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Leila Azimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1546815514, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Armin
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1546815514, Iran
| | - Neda Soleimani
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1546815514, Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1546815514, Iran
| | - Bibi Shahin Shamsian
- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1546815514, Iran
| | - Shiva Nazari
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1546815514, Iran
| | - Masoud Alebouyeh
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1546815514, Iran
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Intestinal Carriage of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Members in Immunocompromised Children During COVID-19 Pandemic. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect-127183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Hospital-acquired infection with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a global concern. The administration of antibiotics among the infected and non-infected immunocompromised children with SARS-CoV-2 is associated with an increased risk of intestinal CRE colonization and bacteremia during hospitalization. Objectives: The present study aimed to detect the correlation between the intestinal colonization of carbapenemase encoding Enterobacteriaceae with SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibiotic prescription among immunocompromised children admitted to the oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) wards. Methods: Stool samples were collected from the immunocompromised children, and the members of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated using standard microbiological laboratory methods. Carbapenem resistance isolates were initially characterized by the disc diffusion method according to CLSI 2021 and further confirmed by the PCR assay. SARS-CoV-2 infection was also recorded according to documented real-time PCR results. Results: In this study, 102 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from the stool samples. The isolates were from Escherichia spp. (59/102, 57.8%), Klebsiella spp. (34/102, 33.3%), Enterobacter spp. (5/102, 4.9%), Citrobacter spp. (2/102, 1.9%), and Serratia spp. (2/102, 1.9%). The carbapenem resistance phenotype was detected among 42.37%, 73.52%, 40%, 50%, and 100% of Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., and Serratia spp., respectively. Moreover, blaOXA-48 (49.1%) and blaNDM-1 (29.4%), as well as blaVIM (19.6%) and blaKPC (17.6%) were common in the CRE isolates. SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected in 50% of the participants; however, it was confirmed in 65.45% (36/55) of the intestinal CRE carriers. The administration of antibiotics, mainly broad-spectrum antibiotics, had a significant correlation with the CRE colonization in both the infected and non-infected children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions: Regardless of the COVID-19 status, prolonged hospitalization and antibiotic prescription are major risk factors associated with the CRE intestinal colonization in immunocompromised children.
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Khosravi AD, Montazeri EA, Maki SR. Antibacterial effects of Octenicept, and benzalkonium chloride on Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from clinical samples and determination of genetic diversity of isolates by RAPD-PCR method. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7423-7431. [PMID: 34635960 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is among the important causes of nosocomial infections. Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, many problems have been raised in the successful treatment of patients infected by this bacterium with the subsequent mortality. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Octenicept (OCT), and Benzalkonium chloride (BZK) against A. baumannii strains isolated from clinical samples, and to determine the genetic diversity of strains by RAPD-PCR method. METHODS A total of 119 A. baumannii isolates were collected and confirmed by conventional culture and biochemical tests and PCR assay. Susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics was evaluated by standard antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). For antiseptics OCT and BZK, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed by broth microdilution method. The prevalence of qacE and qacΔE1 genes related to antiseptics was estimated by PCR assay. Finally, genetic diversity of strains was determined by using RAPD-PCR. RESULTS All 119 suspected isolates were confirmed as A. baumannii using conventional microbiologic tests and PCR assay. The isolates were mostly originated from blood samples. In AST, the lowest resistance was seen for ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. For antiseptics, the MIC values were reported as 15.26 μg/ml for OCT and 640 μg/ml for BZK. The antiseptic genes of qacE and qacΔE1 were found to be present in 56 (47.05%) and 59 (49.57%) of isolates respectively. RAPD typing revealed great diversity among A. baumannii isolates, with 37 clusters in isolates from ICU, of which 32 clusters were single and 5 were multiple. CONCLUSIONS Considering the increase of resistance to antiseptics, it is of importance to monitor the susceptibility of A. baumannii to antiseptics and to promote antiseptic stewardship in hospitals. Furthermore, in this study great diversity was observed among A. baumannii isolates, which is important in understanding the molecular epidemiology of the outbreaks caused by this organism in the hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Dokht Khosravi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Iranian Study Group on Microbial Drug Resistance, Tehran, Iran
| | - Effat Abbasi Montazeri
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyedeh Roya Maki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Aghamali M, Gholizadeh P, Moaddab SR, Yousefi M, Asgharzadeh M, Ganbarov K, Kafil HS. Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) and carbapenemase co-producing Gram-negative bacilli in northwest of Iran. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Multicentre study of the main carbapenem resistance mechanisms in important members of the Enterobacteriaceae family in Iran. New Microbes New Infect 2021; 41:100860. [PMID: 33912349 PMCID: PMC8066762 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to carbapenems has been increasingly reported from the Enterobacteriaceae family, with different mechanisms in different geographic parts of the world. This study investigated the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. carried out as a multicentre study (n = 10). All third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. that had been recovered from the selected provinces were included. Modified Hodge test and Carba NP test were done as a phenotypical method for detection of carbapenemase; the most common carbapenemase was detected by PCR. We evaluated the presence of an active efflux pump by using cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone. Overexpression of AcrA/B and presence of OqxAB was detected by real-time PCR and conventional PCR respectively. Microorganisms in this study included 58 E. coli, 95 K. pneumoniae and 60 Enterobacter spp. Modified Hodge test showed a sensitivity of 41% and a specificity of 83%, and the Carba NP test showed a sensitivity of 26% and a specificity of 92% for detection of carbapenemase. OXA-48 was the most frequently detected carbapenemase, followed by NDM-1. Thirty-nine percent and 27% of positive cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone test organisms included active AcrA/B and OqxAB efflux pumps respectively. The result showed the Carba NP test was more specific than MHT. Data confirmed the involvement of AcrA/B and OqxAB efflux pump as a carbapenem resistance mechanism in selected bacteria. Similar to other reports from the Middle East, we found OXA-48 and NDM-1 to be the most frequent carbapenemase.
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Phenotypic Activity of Efflux Pumps by Carbonyl Cyanide M-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone (CCCP) and Mutations in GyrA and ParC Genes Among Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.99435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Babaie Z, Delfani S, Rezaei F, Norolahi F, Mahdian S, Shakib P. Molecular Detection of Carbapenem Resistance in Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated From Patients in Khorramabad City, Iran. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:543-549. [PMID: 31099322 DOI: 10.2174/1871526519666190517124314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen, which causes a wide range of infections in hospitals, especially in intensive care units. Nowadays, due to the high resistance of Acinetobacter bumanni to antibiotics, this study, in addition to the phenotypic and genotypic investigations of drug resistance, focused on determining the molecular types of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients in Khorramabad city by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 50 samples of Acinetobacter baumannii were collected from educational hospitals in Khorramabad city, Iran, from January to August 2015. They were identified in the laboratory using biochemical tests and culture methods. After determining the drug resistance pattern by the disc diffusion method and percentage of resistance genes to carbapenems, Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were analyzed using the PFGE method using the Apa1 enzyme. RESULTS The highest antibiotic resistance observed for Acinetobacter baumannii strains was against ampicillin-sulbactam (100%) and aztreonam (98%). The highest sensitivity was to polymixin B (100%) and colistin (94%), and also to the OXA-51-like gene present in all samples. The OXA-23-like gene was positive in 44 (88%) samples. PFGE results showed that Acinetobacterbaumannii strains had 33 different pulsotype patterns, of which 27 patterns had more than one strain and 23 had only one strain. CONCLUSION Due to the high resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii and its ease of spread and its ability to transfer resistance genes, resistance control methods should be used in the disinfection of hospital areas. Hospital staff should observe hygiene standards and there should also be a reduction in antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Babaie
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Somayeh Delfani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Faranak Rezaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Norolahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Pasteur Institute University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mahdian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Pegah Shakib
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Ardehali S, Azimi T, Fallah F, Owrang M, Aghamohammadi N, Azimi L. Role of efflux pumps in reduced susceptibility to tigecycline in Acinetobacter baumannii. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 30:100547. [PMID: 31193724 PMCID: PMC6541740 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an important human pathogen responsible for a various type of infections. These bacterial strains are generally resistant to numerous antibiotics. Therefore, eradication of such strains is problematic and related to high mortality. We investigated the effect of cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) efflux pump inhibitor in tigecycline-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. In a cross-sectional study, from July until the end of February 2017, eighty isolates of A. baumannii were recovered. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against tigecycline was performed by the disc diffusion method and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration by broth microdilution method, according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Active efflux pumps were detected by CCCP as an efflux pumps inhibitor, and the gene expression of some of the resistance/nodulation/division (RND)-type efflux pumps was measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Antibiotic susceptibility tests in this study showed that 78 of 80 A. baumannii isolates were resistant to tigecycline. The results of phenotypic detection of efflux pumps revealed that 23.07% of tigecycline-resistant A. baumannii isolates can contain active efflux pumps. On the basis of conventional PCR, genes coding for adeF and adeJ were detected in 76 (98%) A. baumannii isolates. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the transcript level of the adeJ gene increased in 66.6% A. baumannii isolates with CCCP-positive tests and was correlated with tigecycline resistance. The results of this study indicate that RND-type efflux pumps appear to play a significant role in the tigecycline resistance of A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.H. Ardehali
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Shohadaye–Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - T. Azimi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author. L. Azimi, Medical Bacteriology, Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 15468-15514, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infection Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Owrang
- Faculty of Medicine, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | | | - L. Azimi
- Pediatric Infection Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Distribution and Expression of Efflux Pump Gene and Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.67143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Liu H, Wu YQ, Chen LP, Gao X, Huang HN, Qiu FL, Wu DC. Biofilm-Related Genes: Analyses in Multi-Antibiotic Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolates From Mainland China. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1801-7. [PMID: 27234982 PMCID: PMC4913728 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen which shows a high level of mortality risk. Several papers have reported biofilm formation as a well-known pathogenic mechanism in A. baumannii infections and exceptional antibiotic resistance. The study aims to explore the potential relationships between biofilm-related genes and antimicrobial resistance. MATERIAL AND METHODS Samples from 122 patients with lower respiratory tract infections of A. baumannii were collected at Fujian Longyan First Hospital from January 2013 to September 2014. A. baumannii was isolated from sputum specimens. Biofilm-related genes including abaI, csuE, ompA, and bla-PER1 were analyzed by PCR. The minimum inhibitory concentration method was used to determine the sensitivity of each strain to antibiotics. RESULTS The clinical manifestations of A. baumannii-induced lower respiratory tract infections lacked specificity. Infected patients were most commonly admitted to intensive care units (54.9%) and frequently had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (27.0%). The detection rates of abaI and csuE were both 59.8%, and those of ompA and bla-PER1 were 100% and 0%, respectively. After genetic testing, antimicrobial resistance to amikacin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and 14 other types of antimicrobials was higher in abaI- and csuE-positive strains than in abaI- and csuE-negative strains (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study suggest that abaI- and csuE-positive Acinetobacter baumannii strains are associated with a higher incidence of antibiotic resistance in 14 types of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Longyan First Hospital, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Yong-Quan Wu
- Department of Respiration, Fujian Longyan First Hospital, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Longyan First Hospital, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Xiang Gao
- Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Longyan First Hospital, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Hao-Nan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Longyan First Hospital, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Fu-Lan Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Longyan First Hospital, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Ding-Chang Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Longyan First Hospital, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China (mainland)
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Azimi L, Talebi M, Khodaei F, Najafi M, Lari AR. Comparison of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of carbapenemases producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from burn patients. Burns 2016; 42:441-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Identification of peptide inhibitors of penicillinase using a phage display library. Anal Biochem 2016; 494:4-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Azimi L, Talebi M, Pourshafie MR, Owlia P, Rastegar Lari A. Characterization of Carbapenemases in Extensively Drug Resistance Acinetobacter baumannii in a Burn Care Center in Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2015; 4:46-53. [PMID: 25815282 PMCID: PMC4359705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensively drug resistance (XDR) in Acinetobacter baumannii has made an important challenge in the treatment of infections caused by this organism. The ability of carbapenemase production is one of the main mechanisms for the emergence of MDR and/or XDR in A. baumannii. The aim of this study was to detect carbapenemase producer A. baumannii. In this study, 65 imipenem resistant A. baumannii were collected from burned patients. Biochemical identification, antibiotic susceptibility test and multiplex polymerase chain reactions for the detection of carbapenemases genes were performed. The results showed that all strains carried bla OXA-51. 83%, 12.5% and 9.23% strains harbored bla OXA-23, bla VIM and bla KPC genes, respectively. None of the isolates carried bla IMP, bla OXA-48, blaNDM-1 and bla SPM-1 genes. The results of this study indicate the emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC) in A. baumannii causing nosocomial infections in burned patients which can be important for hospital infection prevention systems in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Azimi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Parviz Owlia
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdolaziz Rastegar Lari
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: Deparment of Microbiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,
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Nowak P, Paluchowska PM, Budak A. Co-occurrence of carbapenem and aminoglycoside resistance genes among multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from Cracow, Poland. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2014; 20:9-14. [PMID: 24463791 PMCID: PMC3936949 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.889811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant hospital pathogen, possessing a considerable degree of antimicrobial resistance. A. baumannii resistance to carbapenems and aminoglycosides is mostly conferred by class D OXA carbapenemases and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of selected genes encoding OXA carbapenemases and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in multidrug-resistant strains of A. baumannii. Material/Methods The study included 61 carbapenem-resistant and aminoglycoside-nonsusceptible A. baumannii isolates, collected between 2009 and 2011 in Cracow, Poland. Selected resistance genes, including: blaOXA-51-like, blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-40-like, blaOXA-58-like, aac(6′)-Ih, aac(3)-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6′)-Ib, aph(3′)-Ia and aph(3′)-VI, were detected by PCR method. Results The blaOXA-51-like genes were detected in all isolates, while acquired carbapenemase encoding genes were found in 96.7% of tested strains. Presence of blaOXA-40-like and blaOXA-23-like genes was observed among 65.6% and 27.9% of isolates, respectively. Assayed aminoglycoside resistance genes were found to harbor 98.4% of isolates. Among tested strains, we observed the following percentages of resistance determinants: aac(3)-Ia – 78.7%, aph(3′)-VI – 78.7% and aph(3′)-Ia – 27.9%. Analysis of co-occurrence of carbapenem and aminoglycoside resistance genes revealed the highest percentage of strains possessing blaOXA-40-like, aac(3)-Ia, and aph(3′)-VI genes (44.3%). Conclusions The blaOXA-40-like and aac(3)-Ia/aph(3′)-VI were the most prevalent genes encoding acquired OXA carbapenemases and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, respectively, among A. baumannii strains in Cracow, Poland. Genes conferring resistance to carbapenems and aminoglycosides coexisted in the clinical strains of A. baumannii. The phenomenon of A. baumannii resistance indicates the necessity of monitoring for the presence of the resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Nowak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Maria Paluchowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Budak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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