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Ray S, Thormann U, Kramer I, Sommer U, Budak M, Schumacher M, Bernhardt A, Lode A, Kern C, Rohnke M, Heiss C, Lips KS, Gelinsky M, Alt V. Mesoporous Bioactive Glass-Incorporated Injectable Strontium-Containing Calcium Phosphate Cement Enhanced Osteoconductivity in a Critical-Sized Metaphyseal Defect in Osteoporotic Rats. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1203. [PMID: 37892933 PMCID: PMC10604136 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the in vitro and in vivo bone formation behavior of mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) particles incorporated in a pasty strontium-containing calcium phosphate bone cement (pS100G10) was studied in a metaphyseal fracture-defect model in ovariectomized rats and compared to a plain pasty strontium-containing calcium phosphate bone cement (pS100) and control (empty defect) group, respectively. In vitro testing showed good cytocompatibility on human preosteoblasts and ongoing dissolution of the MBG component. Neither the released strontium nor the BMG particles from the pS100G10 had a negative influence on cell viability. Forty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three different treatment groups: (1) pS100 (n = 15), (2) pS100G10 (n = 15), and (3) empty defect (n = 15). Twelve weeks after bilateral ovariectomy and multi-deficient diet, a 4 mm wedge-shaped fracture-defect was created at the metaphyseal area of the left femur in all animals. The originated fracture-defect was substituted with pS100 or pS100G10 or left empty. After six weeks, histomorphometrical analysis revealed a statistically significant higher bone volume/tissue volume ratio in the pS100G10 group compared to the pS100 (p = 0.03) and empty defect groups (p = 0.0001), indicating enhanced osteoconductivity with the incorporation of MBG. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significant decrease in the RANKL/OPG ratio for pS100 (p = 0.004) and pS100G10 (p = 0.003) compared to the empty defect group. pS100G10 showed a statistically higher expression of BMP-2. In addition, a statistically significant higher gene expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteoprotegerin, collagen1a1, collagen10a1 with a simultaneous decrease in RANKL, and carbonic anhydrase was seen in the pS100 and pS100G10 groups compared to the empty defect group. Mass spectrometric imaging by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) showed the release of Sr2+ ions from both pS100 and pS100G10, with a gradient into the interface region. ToF-SIMS imaging also revealed that resorption of the MBG particles allowed for new bone formation in cement pores. In summary, the current work shows better bone formation of the injectable pasty strontium-containing calcium phosphate bone cement with incorporated mesoporous bioactive glass compared to the bioactive-free bone cement and empty defects and can be considered for clinical application for osteopenic fracture defects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seemun Ray
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig University, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (S.R.); (U.T.); (I.K.); (U.S.); (M.B.); (C.H.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Ulrich Thormann
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig University, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (S.R.); (U.T.); (I.K.); (U.S.); (M.B.); (C.H.); (K.S.L.)
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg GmbH, Campus Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Inga Kramer
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig University, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (S.R.); (U.T.); (I.K.); (U.S.); (M.B.); (C.H.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Ursula Sommer
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig University, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (S.R.); (U.T.); (I.K.); (U.S.); (M.B.); (C.H.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Matthäus Budak
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig University, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (S.R.); (U.T.); (I.K.); (U.S.); (M.B.); (C.H.); (K.S.L.)
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg GmbH, Campus Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schumacher
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Anne Bernhardt
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Christine Kern
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcus Rohnke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Christian Heiss
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig University, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (S.R.); (U.T.); (I.K.); (U.S.); (M.B.); (C.H.); (K.S.L.)
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg GmbH, Campus Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin S. Lips
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig University, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (S.R.); (U.T.); (I.K.); (U.S.); (M.B.); (C.H.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Volker Alt
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig University, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (S.R.); (U.T.); (I.K.); (U.S.); (M.B.); (C.H.); (K.S.L.)
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg GmbH, Campus Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Collagen Extract Derived from Yeonsan Ogye Chicken Increases Bone Microarchitecture by Suppressing the RANKL/OPG Ratio via the JNK Signaling Pathway. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071967. [PMID: 32630655 PMCID: PMC7400104 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeonsan Ogye is a traditional Korean chicken breed (Gallus domesticus, GD), with a dominant gene for fibromelanosis, showing entirely black fluffy head feathers, ear lobes, and pupils. GD collagen extract (78.6 g per 100 g total protein) was derived from the flesh of Yeonsan Ogye. The effects of GD collagen on bone mass, microarchitecture, osteogenic, osteoclastogenic differentiations, and function factor expression were investigated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. GD collagen stimulated osteogenesis in OVX rats and increased tibial bone strength and calcium content. Micro-computed tomography analysis of tibia cross-sections revealed that GD collagen attenuated the OVX-induced changes in trabecular thickness, spacing, and number. GD collagen stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity, bone-specific matrix proteins (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, collagen type I (COL-I)) and mineralization by activating bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5 (SMAD5)/runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). GD collagen inhibited osteoclast differentiation and function gene markers (TRAP, cathepsin K) by interfering with the Wnt signaling, increasing OPG production, and reducing the expression of RANKL, TRAP, and cathepsin K. GD collagen promoted osteogenesis by activating the p38 signal pathway and prevented osteoclastogenesis by lowering the RANKL/OPG ratio and blocking the JNK signaling pathway. Dietary supplementation with GD collagen might inhibit osteoclastogenesis, stimulate osteoblastogenesis, and regulate bone metabolism.
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de Quadros VP, Tobar N, Viana LR, Dos Santos RW, Kiyataka PHM, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. The 17β-oestradiol treatment minimizes the adverse effects of protein restriction on bone parameters in ovariectomized Wistar rats: Relevance to osteoporosis and the menopause. Bone Joint Res 2020; 8:573-581. [PMID: 31934328 PMCID: PMC6946913 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.812.bjr-2018-0259.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Insufficient protein ingestion may affect muscle and bone mass, increasing the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly, and especially in postmenopausal women. We evaluated how a low-protein diet affects bone parameters under gonadal hormone deficiency and the improvement led by hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with 17β-oestradiol. Methods Female Wistar rats were divided into control (C), ovariectomized (OVX), and 17β-oestradiol-treated ovariectomized (OVX-HRT) groups, which were fed a control or an isocaloric low-protein diet (LP; 6.6% protein; seven animals per group). Morphometric, serum, and body composition parameters were assessed, as well as bone parameters, mechanical resistance, and mineralogy. Results The results showed that protein restriction negatively affected body chemical composition and bone metabolism by the sex hormone deficiency condition in the OVX group. The association between undernutrition and hormone deficiency led to bone and muscle mass loss and increased the fragility of the bone (as well as decreasing relative femoral weight, bone mineral density, femoral elasticity, peak stress, and stress at offset yield). Although protein restriction induced more severe adverse effects compared with the controls, the combination with HRT showed an improvement in minimizing these damaging effects, as it was seen that HRT had some efficacy in maintaining muscle and bone mass, preserving the bone resistance and minimizing some deleterious processes during the menopause. Conclusion Protein restriction has adverse effects on metabolism, leading to more severe menopausal symptoms, and HRT could minimize these effects. Therefore, special attention should be given to a balanced diet during menopause and HRT.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2019;8:573-581.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria P de Quadros
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Natalia Tobar
- Nuclear Medicine Service, the Clinical Hospital of UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lais R Viana
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rogerio W Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo H M Kiyataka
- Packaging Technology Centre (Cetea) from the Institute of Food Technology (ITAL) of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maria C C Gomes-Marcondes
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Shapiro G, Bez M, Tawackoli W, Gazit Z, Gazit D, Pelled G. Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28994771 DOI: 10.3791/55928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis-related vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are a common and clinically unmet need with increasing prevalence as the world population ages. Animal OVCF models are essential to the preclinical development of translational tissue engineering strategies. While a number of models currently exist, this protocol describes an optimized method for inducing multiple highly reproducible vertebral defects in a single nude rat. A novel longitudinal semiautomated microcomputed tomography (µCT)-based quantitative structural analysis of the vertebral defects is also detailed. Briefly, rats were imaged at multiple time points post-op. The day 1 scan was reoriented to a standard position, and a standard volume of interest was defined. Subsequent µCT scans of each rat were automatically registered to the day 1 scan so the same volume of interest was then analyzed to assess for new bone formation. This versatile approach can be adapted to a variety of other models where longitudinal imaging-based analysis could benefit from precise 3D semiautomated alignment. Taken together, this protocol describes a readily quantifiable and easily reproducible system for osteoporosis and bone research. The suggested protocol takes 4 months to induce osteoporosis in nude ovariectomized rats and between 2.7 and 4 h to generate, image, and analyze two vertebral defects, depending on tissue size and equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Shapiro
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine
| | - Maxim Bez
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine
| | - Wafa Tawackoli
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
| | - Zulma Gazit
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine; Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
| | - Dan Gazit
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine; Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
| | - Gadi Pelled
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine; Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center;
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Zhang Z, Ren H, Shen G, Qiu T, Liang D, Yang Z, Yao Z, Tang J, Jiang X, Wei Q. Animal models for glucocorticoid-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis: An updated review. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:438-446. [PMID: 27685786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis is a severe osteoporosis, with high risk of major osteoporotic fractures. This severe osteoporosis urges more extensive and deeper basic study, in which suitable animal models are indispensable. However, no relevant review is available introducing this model systematically. Based on the recent studies on GI-PMOP, this brief review introduces the GI-PMOP animal model in terms of its establishment, evaluation of bone mass and discuss its molecular mechanism. Rat, rabbit and sheep with their respective merits were chosen. Both direct and indirect evaluation of bone mass help to understand the bone metabolism under different intervention. The crucial signaling pathways, miRNAs, osteogenic- or adipogenic- related factors and estrogen level may be the predominant contributors to the development of glucocorticoid-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhida Zhang
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Hui Ren
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Gengyang Shen
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - De Liang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhidong Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhensong Yao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jingjing Tang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Laboratory Affiliated to National Key Discipline of Orthopaedic and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Qiushi Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
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Wang G, Wang J, Sun D, Xin J, Wang L, Huang D, Wu W, Xian CJ. Short-Term Hypoxia Accelerates Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats by Suppressing Osteoblastogenesis but Enhancing Osteoclastogenesis. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:2962-71. [PMID: 27550548 PMCID: PMC5006713 DOI: 10.12659/msm.899485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although it has been reported that hypoxic exposure can attenuate hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and some other diseases, effects of hypoxia on osteoporosis are still unknown. Material/Methods The current study investigated whether short-term hypoxic exposure (in comparison with normoxic conditions) affects bone metabolism in normal or ovariectomized (OVX) adult female rats in an vivo study. Micro-computed tomography bone volume/structural analyses, histological examination, and serum bone turnover biochemical assays were used. In addition, the expressions of some associated major regulatory molecules were measured in osteoblastic cultures. Results While the 14-day hypoxic exposure did not change the bone-remodeling process in normal adult female rats, it decreased bone volume, osteoclast density, and serum bone formation marker (alkaline phosphatase) level, but increased osteoclast density and serum bone resorption marker (C-telopeptide of collagen) level in OVX rats. The bone marrow adipocyte number and serum fatty acid binding protein-4 level were increased in OVX-hypoxic rats compared with OVX-normoxic rats. Consistently, in human MG-63 osteoblastic cultures, the hypoxic condition suppressed protein expression of osteogenic transcriptional factors Runx2 and osterix, elevated protein expression of osteoclastogenic cytokine receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, but reduced that of osteoclastogenic inhibitor osteoprotegerin. Conclusions Our results suggest that, although no change occurred in the bone-remodeling process in normal adult female rats after hypoxic exposure, under the estrogen-deficient osteoporotic condition, the hypoxic condition can alter the bone microenvironment so that it may further impair osteoblastic differentiation and enhance osteoclastic formation, and thus reduce bone formation, enhance bone resorption, and accelerate bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Traumatology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Traumatology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Dawei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics & Microsurgery, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guanghzou, China (mainland)
| | - Jingyi Xin
- Department of Orthopaedic Traumatology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Liping Wang
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics & Microsurgery, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guanghzou, China (mainland)
| | - Weichi Wu
- Department of Orthopedics & Microsurgery, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Cory J Xian
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Wu SF, Du XJ. Body Mass Index May Positively Correlate with Bone Mineral Density of Lumbar Vertebra and Femoral Neck in Postmenopausal Females. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:145-51. [PMID: 26766815 PMCID: PMC4716713 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our study aimed to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebra and femoral neck in postmenopausal females. Material/Methods From September 2012 to September 2014, 236 healthy postmenopausal females who underwent physical examinations at the Women & Children’s Health Care Hospital of Linyi were enrolled into our study. These subjects were divided into 3 groups: underweight group, normal weight group, and overweight group. In addition, there were 2 age stratifications: <60 years old and ≥60 years old. DPX-L type dual-energy X-ray bone densitometry (American Lunar Company) was used to measure the BMD of lumbar vertebra and femoral neck in the recruited subjects. Pearson test was used for correlation analysis. Results BMDs and T-scores of lumbar vertebra (L1–L4), femoral neck, proximal femur, and Ward’s triangle region among the groups were ranked as follows: underweight group < normal weight group < overweight group. There were significant differences in body weight and BMI among the underweight, normal weight, and overweight groups (P<0.05). The T-scores of all examined anatomic locations showed significant differences between the underweight group and normal weight group, as well as between the underweight group and overweight group (both P<0.05). Only the T-scores of lumbar vertebra L2–L4 had significant differences between the normal weight group and overweight group (P<0.05). The BMDs of all anatomic components under study showed statistical differences in both age stratifications between the overweight group and underweight group, as well as between the overweight group and normal weight group (both P<0.05). When stratified above 60 years old, the BMDs of lumbar vertebra (L1, L2 and L4) showed statistical differences between the normal weight group and underweight group (P<0.05). Various factors could be ranked according to the absolute values of correlation coefficients as below: body weight, BMI, height, and age. Body weight, BMI, and height were positively correlated with the BMDs of all examined anatomic locations (P<0.05). However, age was negatively correlated with the various components of the body (lumbar vertebra L1, L2 and L4, femoral neck, proximal femur, Ward’s triangle region: P<0.05; lumbar vertebra L3: P>0.05). Conclusions Our study provides evidence that body weight and BMI are important factors affecting BMD. Postmenopausal females with low BMI are more likely to have osteopenia, and are likely to develop osteoporosis. BMI can be used as an important index to prevent osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Feng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xin-Jie Du
- Department of Gynaecology, Women & Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Ren H, Liang D, Jiang X, Tang J, Cui J, Wei Q, Zhang S, Yao Z, Shen G, Lin S. Variance of spinal osteoporosis induced by dexamethasone and methylprednisolone and its associated mechanism. Steroids 2015. [PMID: 26216207 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid (GC) administration is the most common cause of secondary osteoporosis. Previous studies investigated GCs dose and frequency correlated positively with the side effects of glucocorticoid on bone health, however the impaired effect of various types of GCs on bone has not yet been reported. PURPOSE The aim is to compare the effect of long-acting (dexamethasone) and relatively short-acting glucocorticoid (methylprednisolone) on rat lumbar spine and try to explore the associated mechanism. METHOD Sprague Dawley rats (N=48) were randomly divided into four groups: baseline group (BL), control group (CON), methylprednisolone group (MP) and dexamethasone group (DEXA). BL rats were euthanized to remain as baseline (M0) at the beginning of experiment. CON group were injected daily with vehicle, while the other groups were given a daily subcutaneous injection of 1mg/kg methylprednisolone and were given a subcutaneous injection of 0.6mg/kg dexamethasone per 3days, respectively. CON, MP and DEXA groups were monitored at 4th week (M1), 8th week (M2) and 12th week (M3) after intervention. Dual-energy X-ray, micro-computed tomography, compressive test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay have been used for bone mineral density, microarchitecture, biomechanical property of vertebrae and levels of estrogen, PINP and β-CTX, respectively. mRNA expression analysis of Biglycan, Col1a1, MMP9, Cathepsin K, Runx2, OPG, LRP5, Sclerostin were performed. RESULT We found that the bone mineral density (BMD) was significantly lower in DEXA rats at M3 compared with MP rats. The relative surface and trabecular number were significantly lower in DEXA group than that in MP group at M2, while trabecular separation was significantly higher in DEXA group than that in MP group at the same point. The compressive strength was significantly lower in L4 of DEXA than that in MP rats at M2 and M3. The levels of both PINP and estradiol in DEXA group were lower than MP group at M3, even though without statistical significance. The expression of bone formation marker Runx2 was significantly down-regulated at M3 in DEXA group compared with MP, CON and BL groups, while the expression of Col1a1 was significantly up-regulated and biglycan, LRP-5, OPG were significantly down-regulated in GCs intervention groups compared with CON and BL groups. There were no statistical differences in MMP9, Cathepsin K, Sclerostin among CON, MP and DEXA groups. CONCLUSION These results indicate that dexamethasone, the long-acting glucocorticoid, generates more serious osteoporosis of rat lumbar spine than methylprednisolone, which is relatively short-acting glucocorticoid. The discrepancy between the two GCs inducing osteoporosis may be mainly caused by a decrease in bone formation. RUNX2 and Col1a1 may be the two of critical genes inducing the discrepant impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ren
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - De Liang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Laboratory Affiliated to National Key Discipline of Orthopaedic and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Laboratory Affiliated to National Key Discipline of Orthopaedic and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Jingjing Tang
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jianchao Cui
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Qiushi Wei
- Laboratory Affiliated to National Key Discipline of Orthopaedic and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Postdoctoral Programme, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of Chinese PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Shuncong Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhensong Yao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Gengyang Shen
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shunxin Lin
- The First School of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
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Xiao JJ, Zhao WJ, Zhang XT, Zhao WL, Wang XX, Yin SH, Jiang F, Zhao YX, Chen FN, Li SL. Bergapten promotes bone marrow stromal cell differentiation into osteoblasts in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 409:113-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Icariin prevents bone loss by stimulating new bone formation and by inhibiting bone resorption. However, less is known about how icariin affects marrow adiposity. This lack of information is a vital problem, as the degree of marrow adipogenesis may be an alternative indicator of the severity of osteoporosis in relation to the degree of osteogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. To explore this question, we tested the effects of icariin on bone mineral density (BMD) and marrow fat content in a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS Thirty-six 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups: sham operation, ovariectomized controls, and ovariectomized rats treated orally with either 17β-estradiol or icariin for 12 weeks. BMD and marrow fat fraction were dynamically measured on weeks 0, 6, and 12. After 12 weeks of treatment, serum 17β-estradiol and bone biomarker levels were measured, and marrow adipocytes were quantitatively evaluated by histopathology. RESULTS Ovariectomized controls experienced a marked increase in fat fraction over time, with increases of 40% between weeks 0 and 6 and 69.4% between weeks 6 and 12 (P < 0.001). Marrow adiposity in ovariectomized controls was dramatically higher than that in sham rats on week 6; however, a reduction in BMD was detected in ovariectomized rats on week 12 (P < 0.001). Ovariectomized rats had levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen that were 49.4% and 67.2% higher, respectively, than those of sham rats (P < 0.001). The density, size, and volume of marrow adipocytes in ovariectomized controls were 57.3%, 29.5%, and 163% higher, respectively, than those in sham rats. Early icariin treatment decreased bone biomarker levels, inhibited bone degeneration, and restored marrow fat infiltration and adipocyte parameters to the levels observed in sham rats. Overall, the osteoprotective effect of icariin was comparable with that of 17β-estradiol; however, icariin did not produce uterine estrogenicity. CONCLUSIONS Early icariin treatment restores marrow adiposity in the estrogen-deficient rat model.
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Bauer NB, Khassawna TE, Goldmann F, Stirn M, Ledieu D, Schlewitz G, Govindarajan P, Zahner D, Weisweiler D, Schliefke N, Böcker W, Schnettler R, Heiss C, Moritz A. Characterization of bone turnover and energy metabolism in a rat model of primary and secondary osteoporosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:287-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ruan J, Gong X, Kong J, Wang H, Zheng X, Chen T. Effect of B vitamin (folate, B6, and B12) supplementation on osteoporotic fracture and bone turnover markers: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:875-81. [PMID: 25805360 PMCID: PMC4384513 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B vitamins (including folate, B6, and B12) supplementation can effectively and easily modify high plasma homocysteine (Hcy). However, the role of Hcy in the pathogenesis of osteoporotic fracture and bone turnover is still controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of B vitamin supplementation on occurrence of any osteoporotic fracture and bone turnover by pooling the results of previous studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in databases. Data integration and analysis were done by using Review Manager 5.3 (the Cochrane Collaboration). The risk ratio (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of fracture (intervention vs. control) were estimated. Changes in bone turnover indicators (continuous data), weighted mean difference (WMD), and corresponding 95% (CI) were pooled for estimation. RESULTS Based on the results of 4 RCTs, this meta-analysis failed to identify a risk-reducing effect of daily supplementation of B vitamins on osteoporotic fracture in patients with vascular disease and with relatively normal plasma Hcy. In addition, we also did not find any positive effects of B vitamin supplementation on bone turnover. CONCLUSIONS B vitamin supplementation might not be effective in preventing fracture and improving bone turnover. However, the possible benefits in selective populations, such as populations with very high plasma Hcy and from regions without B vitamin fortification should be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Ruan
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municpal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaokang Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municpal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jinsong Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municpal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Haibao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municpal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municpal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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13
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Lips KS, Yanko Ö, Kneffel M, Panzer I, Kauschke V, Madzharova M, Henss A, Schmitz P, Rohnke M, Bäuerle T, Liu Y, Kampschulte M, Langheinrich AC, Dürselen L, Ignatius A, Heiss C, Schnettler R, Kilian O. Small changes in bone structure of female α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor knockout mice. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:5. [PMID: 25636336 PMCID: PMC4328057 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, analysis of bone from knockout mice identified muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M3 (mAChR M3) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit α2 as positive regulator of bone mass accrual whereas of male mice deficient for α7-nAChR (α7KO) did not reveal impact in regulation of bone remodeling. Since female sex hormones are involved in fair coordination of osteoblast bone formation and osteoclast bone degradation we assigned the current study to analyze bone strength, composition and microarchitecture of female α7KO compared to their corresponding wild-type mice (α7WT). Methods Vertebrae and long bones of female 16-week-old α7KO (n = 10) and α7WT (n = 8) were extracted and analyzed by means of histological, radiological, biomechanical, cell- and molecular methods as well as time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results Bone of female α7KO revealed a significant increase in bending stiffness (p < 0.05) and cortical thickness (p < 0.05) compared to α7WT, whereas gene expression of osteoclast marker cathepsin K was declined. ToF-SIMS analysis detected a decrease in trabecular calcium content and an increase in C4H6N+ (p < 0.05) and C4H8N+ (p < 0.001) collagen fragments whereas a loss of osteoid was found by means of TEM. Conclusions Our results on female α7KO bone identified differences in bone strength and composition. In addition, we could demonstrate that α7-nAChRs are involved in regulation of bone remodelling. In contrast to mAChR M3 and nAChR subunit α2 the α7-nAChR favours reduction of bone strength thereby showing similar effects as α7β2-nAChR in male mice. nAChR are able to form heteropentameric receptors containing α- and β-subunits as well as the subunits α7 can be arranged as homopentameric cation channel. The different effects of homopentameric and heteropentameric α7-nAChR on bone need to be analysed in future studies as well as gender effects of cholinergic receptors on bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin S Lips
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Özcan Yanko
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Mathias Kneffel
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Imke Panzer
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Vivien Kauschke
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Maria Madzharova
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Anja Henss
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Peter Schmitz
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Marcus Rohnke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Palmsanlage 5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, INF 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marian Kampschulte
- Department of Radiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Alexander C Langheinrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, BG Trauma Hospital, Friedberger Landstraße 430, 60389, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Trauma Surgery Giessen, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Str. 7, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany. .,Department of Trauma Surgery Giessen, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Str. 7, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Olaf Kilian
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstr. 9, 35394, Giessen, Germany. .,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Robert-Koch-Allee 9, 99437, Bad Berka, Germany.
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Song J, Jin Z, Chang F, Li L, Su Y. Single and combined use of human parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-34) on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: evidence based on 9 RCTs. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:2624-32. [PMID: 25503108 PMCID: PMC4271803 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-34) or teriparatide (TPTD) is an anabolic agent for osteoporosis. This recombinant protein stimulates positive bone formation balance and bone remodeling. However, when concomitantly used with antiresorptive (AR) agents, previous studies reported conflicting results in their potential additive and synergistic effects on bone metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to integrate previous evidence to assess the effect of TPTD monotherapy and the additive effect of TPTD on AR agents in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Material/Methods This meta-analysis identified 9 RCTs from databases. To assess the therapeutic effect on osteoporosis, the weighted mean differences (WMDs) were used to pool the percentage change of BMD along with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). BMD of 3 skeletal sites, including lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck were assessed. Results TPTD alone could significantly improve BMD of all 3 skeletal sites compared with placebo, although the effect on the femoral neck was less conclusive. The additive effect of TPTD over hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and denosumab (DEN) agents is evident in all 3 skeletal sites. But TPTD plus Alendronate (ALN) did not demonstrate additive effect in total hip and femoral neck. Conclusions TPTD alone could significantly improve BMD of lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck. BMD outcomes of concomitant use of TPTD and AR agents are site-dependent and vary depending on the specific AR agent used and the timing of AR therapy initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefu Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhizhen Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Lijun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yunxing Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
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Kauschke V, Lips KS, Heiss C, Schnettler R. Expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M3 and M5 in osteoporosis. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:869-74. [PMID: 24866457 PMCID: PMC4049973 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cholinergic signaling via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) is known to influence various physiological functions. In bone, M3 mAChR and M5 mAChR were identified on the membrane of osteoblast-like cells. M3 mAChR seems to be particularly relevant for bone physiology, as signaling via this receptor was reported to increase bone formation and decrease bone resorption. Thus, in the present study we investigated the relative mRNA expression of M3 and M5 mAChR in bones of a rat osteoporosis model. Material/Methods Osteoporosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by bilateral ovariectomy and additional feeding of a diet deficient in calcium, vitamins C, D2, D3, and phosphorus, and free of soy and phytoestrogen. After a period of 3, 12, and 14 months, relative mRNA expression of M3 mAChR and M5 mAChR was analyzed in the 11th thoracic vertebra by real-time RT-PCR. Results Relative mRNA expression of M3 mAChR was significantly reduced in bones of osteoporotic rats compared to sham operated animals that served as controls. Further, M3 mAChR mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated when comparing 14-month osteoporotic rats to 3-month osteoporotic rats. Relative M5 mAChR mRNA was expressed to a lesser extent than M3 mAChR and did not show significant differences in mRNA expression level between the experimental groups. Conclusions M3 mAChR mRNA expression was reduced upon induction of osteoporosis and progression of disease was associated with further decrease of this receptor, indicating that M3 mAChR is involved in the development and regulation of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Kauschke
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin Susanne Lips
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
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Müller R, Kampschulte M, Khassawna TE, Schlewitz G, Hürter B, Böcker W, Bobeth M, Langheinrich AC, Heiss C, Deutsch A, Cuniberti G. Change of mechanical vertebrae properties due to progressive osteoporosis: combined biomechanical and finite-element analysis within a rat model. Med Biol Eng Comput 2014; 52:405-14. [PMID: 24518991 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-014-1140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
For assessing mechanical properties of osteoporotic bone, biomechanical testing combined with in silico modeling plays a key role. The present study focuses on microscopic mechanical bone properties in a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were (1) euthanized without prior interventions, (2) sham-operated, and (3) subjected to ovariectomy combined with a multi-deficiencies diet. Rat vertebrae (corpora vertebrae) were imaged by micro-CT, their stiffness was determined by compression tests, and load-induced stress states as well as property changes due to the treatment were analyzed by finite-element modeling. By comparing vertebra stiffness measurements with finite-element calculations of stiffness, an overall microscopic Young's modulus of the bone was determined. Macroscopic vertebra stiffness as well as the microscopic modulus diminish with progression of osteoporosis by about 70 %. After strong initial changes of bone morphology, further decrease in macroscopic stiffness is largely due to decreasing microscopic Young's modulus. The micromechanical stress calculations reveal particularly loaded vertebra regions prone to failure. Osteoporosis-induced changes of the microscopic Young's modulus alter the fracture behavior of bone, may influence bone remodeling, and should be considered in the design of implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Müller
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany,
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Lips KS, Kauschke V, Hartmann S, Thormann U, Ray S, Kampschulte M, Langheinrich A, Schumacher M, Gelinsky M, Heinemann S, Hanke T, Kautz AR, Schnabelrauch M, Schnettler R, Heiss C, Alt V, Kilian O. Podoplanin immunopositive lymphatic vessels at the implant interface in a rat model of osteoporotic fractures. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77259. [PMID: 24130867 PMCID: PMC3793947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Insertion of bone substitution materials accelerates healing of osteoporotic fractures. Biodegradable materials are preferred for application in osteoporotic patients to avoid a second surgery for implant replacement. Degraded implant fragments are often absorbed by macrophages that are removed from the fracture side via passage through veins or lymphatic vessels. We investigated if lymphatic vessels occur in osteoporotic bone defects and whether they are regulated by the use of different materials. To address this issue osteoporosis was induced in rats using the classical method of bilateral ovariectomy and additional calcium and vitamin deficient diet. In addition, wedge-shaped defects of 3, 4, or 5 mm were generated in the distal metaphyseal area of femur via osteotomy. The 4 mm defects were subsequently used for implantation studies where bone substitution materials of calcium phosphate cement, composites of collagen and silica, and iron foams with interconnecting pores were inserted. Different materials were partly additionally functionalized by strontium or bisphosphonate whose positive effects in osteoporosis treatment are well known. The lymphatic vessels were identified by immunohistochemistry using an antibody against podoplanin. Podoplanin immunopositive lymphatic vessels were detected in the granulation tissue filling the fracture gap, surrounding the implant and growing into the iron foam through its interconnected pores. Significant more lymphatic capillaries were counted at the implant interface of composite, strontium and bisphosphonate functionalized iron foam. A significant increase was also observed in the number of lymphatics situated in the pores of strontium coated iron foam. In conclusion, our results indicate the occurrence of lymphatic vessels in osteoporotic bone. Our results show that lymphatic vessels are localized at the implant interface and in the fracture gap where they might be involved in the removal of lymphocytes, macrophages, debris and the implants degradation products. Therefore the lymphatic vessels are involved in implant integration and fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Susanne Lips
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Vivien Kauschke
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Sonja Hartmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Thormann
- Department of Trauma Surgery Gießen, University Hospital of Gießen, Marburg, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Seemun Ray
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Langheinrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, BG Trauma Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Schumacher
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sascha Heinemann
- Max-Bergmann-Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Material Science, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hanke
- Max-Bergmann-Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Material Science, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery Gießen, University Hospital of Gießen, Marburg, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Trauma Surgery Gießen, University Hospital of Gießen, Marburg, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery Gießen, University Hospital of Gießen, Marburg, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Olaf Kilian
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Zentralklinik, Bad Berka, Germany
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