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Chen ZH, Zhang ZY, Song XQ, Zhang Z. Gastrodiabawanglingensis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae), a new species from Hainan Island, China. PHYTOKEYS 2023; 220:39-50. [PMID: 37251611 PMCID: PMC10209714 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.220.95137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodiabawanglingensis, a new species of Orchidaceae from Hainan Island, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to G.theana, G.albidoides and G.albida with dwarf habits, scarcely opening flowers, elongated fruit stems, curved and fleshy perianth tubes and similar columns and lips, but can be easily distinguished from them by having a pair of lateral wings bent outwards at the apex of the column and lateral wings with acuminate tips lower than the anther. According to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, the new species is assessed as Endangered (EN). The plastome of G.bawanglingensis is greatly reduced and reconfigured with approximately 30876 bp in size and 25.36% in GC content. Morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic results based on chloroplast gene sequences support the recognition of G.bawanglingensis as a new species within Gastrodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Heng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhong-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xi-Qiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Suetsugu K, Fukushima K, Makino T, Ikematsu S, Sakamoto T, Kimura S. Transcriptomic heterochrony and completely cleistogamous flower development in the mycoheterotrophic orchid Gastrodia. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:323-338. [PMID: 36110047 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cleistogamy, in which plants can reproduce via self-fertilization within permanently closed flowers, has evolved in > 30 angiosperm lineages; however, consistent with Darwin's doubts about its existence, complete cleistogamy - the production of only cleistogamous flowers - has rarely been recognized. Thus far, the achlorophyllous orchid genus, Gastrodia, is the only known genus with several plausible completely cleistogamous species. Here, we analyzed the floral developmental transcriptomes of two recently evolved, completely cleistogamous Gastrodia species and their chasmogamous sister species to elucidate the possible changes involved in producing common cleistogamous traits. The ABBA-BABA test did not support introgression and protein sequence convergence as evolutionary mechanisms leading to cleistogamy, leaving convergence in gene expression as a plausible mechanism. Regarding transcriptomic differentiation, the two cleistogamous species had common modifications in the expression of developmental regulators, exhibiting a gene family-wide signature of convergent expression changes in MADS-box genes. Our transcriptomic pseudotime analysis revealed a prolonged juvenile state and eventual maturation, a heterochronic pattern consistent with partial neoteny, in cleistogamous flower development. These findings indicate that transcriptomic partial neoteny, arising from changes in the expression of conserved developmental regulators, might have contributed to the rapid and repeated evolution of cleistogamous flowers in Gastrodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Suetsugu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukushima
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Takashi Makino
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shuka Ikematsu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
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S. Hirao A, Kumata A, Takagi T, Sasaki Y, Shigihara T, Kimura E, Kaneko S. Japanese “nameko” mushrooms (<i>Pholiota microspora</i>) produced via sawdust-based cultivation exhibit severe genetic bottleneck associated with a single founder. MYCOSCIENCE 2022; 63:79-87. [PMID: 37089630 PMCID: PMC10012341 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pholiota microspora ("nameko" in Japanese) is one of the most common edible mushrooms, especially in Japan, where sawdust-based cultivation is the most dominant method accounting for 99% of the production. The current strains for sawdust cultivation in Japan are considered to have been derived from a single wild strain collected from Fukushima, Japan, implying that commercial nameko mushrooms are derived from a severe genetic bottleneck. We tested this single founder hypothesis by developing 14 microsatellite markers for P. microspora to evaluate the genetic diversity of 50 cultivars and 73 wild strains isolated from across Japan. Microsatellite analysis demonstrated that sawdust-cultivated strains from Japan were significantly less genetically diverse than the wild strains, and the former displayed a significant bottleneck signature. Analyzing the genetic relationships among all genotypes also revealed that the sawdust-cultivated samples clustered into one monophyletic subgroup. Moreover, the sawdust-cultivated samples in Japan were more closely related than full-sibs. These results were consistent with the single founder hypothesis that suggests that all commercial nameko mushrooms produced in Japan are descendants of a single ancestor. Therefore, we conclude that cultivated P. microspora originated from a single domestication event that substantially reduced the diversity of commercial nameko mushrooms in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira S. Hirao
- Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shingo Kaneko
- Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University
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Ogaki K, Suetsugu K, Kishikawa K, Kyogoku D, Shutoh K, Isagi Y, Kaneko S. New microsatellite markers recognize differences in tandem repeats among four related Gastrodia species (Orchidaceae). Genes Genet Syst 2019; 94:225-229. [PMID: 31813889 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.19-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia is the most species-rich genus among mycoheterotrophic plants, and is thus an essential taxon to understand the mechanism of species diversification in mycoheterotrophs. In this study, we developed microsatellite markers with high transferability for four Gastrodia species to examine genetic differentiation and similarity among species, populations and individuals. The 12 microsatellite markers developed from a G. fontinalis library showed high transferability for the ramets that identified G. nipponica, G. kuroshimensis and G. takeshimensis. In addition to the high transferability of these markers, we observed low allele variation within a sampled population of each species and allele differences among the four species. The 12 markers described here will be useful for investigating the genetic differences among and within the Gastrodia species, which evolved by a limitation of gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ogaki
- Graduate School of Symbiotic Systems Science and Technology, Fukushima University
| | - Kenji Suetsugu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University
| | - Keiju Kishikawa
- Graduate School of Symbiotic Systems Science and Technology, Fukushima University
| | | | - Kohtaroh Shutoh
- Graduate School of Symbiotic Systems Science and Technology, Fukushima University.,The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University
| | - Yuji Isagi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Shingo Kaneko
- Graduate School of Symbiotic Systems Science and Technology, Fukushima University
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