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Huang YK, Chang KC, Li CY, Lieu AS, Lin CL. AKR1B1 Represses Glioma Cell Proliferation through p38 MAPK-Mediated Bcl-2/BAX/Caspase-3 Apoptotic Signaling Pathways. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3391-3405. [PMID: 37185746 PMCID: PMC10136867 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1) in glioma cell proliferation through p38 MAPK activation to control Bcl-2/BAX/caspase-3 apoptosis signaling. AKR1B1 expression was quantified in normal human astrocytes, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines, and normal tissues by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of AKR1B1 overexpression or knockdown and those of AKR1B1-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation and a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) on glioma cell proliferation were determined using an MTT assay and Western blot, respectively. Furthermore, the AKR1B1 effect on BAX and Bcl-2 expression was examined in real-time by Western blot. A luminescence detection reagent was also utilized to identify the effect of AKR1B1 on caspase-3/7 activity. The early and late stages of AKR1B1-induced apoptosis were assessed by performing Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining assays. AKR1B1 expression was significantly downregulated in glioma tissues and GBM cell lines (T98G and 8401). Glioma cell proliferation was inhibited by AKR1B1 overexpression but was slightly increased by AKR1B1 knockdown. Additionally, AKR1B1-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation and SB203580 reversed AKR1B1's inhibitory effect on glioma cell proliferation. AKR1B1 overexpression also inhibited Bcl-2 expression but increased BAX expression, whereas treatment with SB203580 reversed this phenomenon. Furthermore, AKR1B1 induced caspase-3/7 activity. The induction of early and late apoptosis by AKR1B1 was confirmed using an Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining assay. In conclusion, AKR1B1 regulated glioma cell proliferation through the involvement of p38 MAPK-induced BAX/Bcl-2/caspase-3 apoptosis signaling. Therefore, AKR1B1 may serve as a new therapeutic target for glioma therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Che Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shung Lieu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Bailly C. Moving toward a new horizon for the aldose reductase inhibitor epalrestat to treat drug-resistant cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175191. [PMID: 35964660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epalrestat (EPA) is a potent inhibitor of aldose reductases AKR1B1 and AKR1B10, used for decades in Japan for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This orally-active, brain-permeable small molecule, with a relatively rare and essential 2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone motif, functions as a regulator intracellular carbonyl species. The repurposing of EPA for the treatment of pediatric rare diseases, brain disorders and cancer has been proposed. A detailed analysis of the mechanism of action, and the benefit of EPA to combat advanced malignancies is offered here. EPA has revealed marked anticancer activities, alone and in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted therapeutics, in experimental models of liver, colon, and breast cancers. Through inhibition of AKR1B1 and/or AKR1B10 and blockade of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EPA largely enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells to drugs like doxorubicin and sorafenib. EPA has revealed a major anticancer effect in an experimental model of basal-like breast cancer and clinical trials have been developed in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. The repurposing of the drug to treat chemo-resistant solid tumors seems promising, but more studies are needed to define the best trajectory for the positioning of EPA in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, Lille, Wasquehal, 59290, France.
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Altered protein profile of plasma extracellular vesicles in oral squamous cell carcinoma development. J Proteomics 2022; 251:104422. [PMID: 34775099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in a wide range of pathological processes and recognized as potential and novel biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we describe the plasma EV proteome of rats with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced OSCC or moderate dysplasia (MD), which can progress to OSCC, by tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled mass spectrometry. The proteomic profiles suggest the differential expression of various proteins in MD and OSCC, some well-recognized pathological changes (e.g., translation, ATP metabolism, and mesenchymal transition), and some novel pathological changes (e.g., podosome, focal adhesion, and S100 binding). We re-examined the presence of traditional exosomal markers and the reported novel pan-EV markers. In summary, these results suggest potential EV biomarkers and underlying pathological changes in early OSCC as well as the presence of oral-derived EVs in plasma and the need for pan-EV markers. SIGNIFICANCE: This research suggests potential EV biomarkers and underlying pathological changes in early OSCC as well as the presence of oral-derived EVs in plasma and the need for pan-EV markers.
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Sun G, Yang L, Wei S, Jin H, Li B, Li H. miR-425 regulates lipophagy via SIRT1 to promote sorafenib resistance in liver cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:695. [PMID: 34457050 PMCID: PMC8358621 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most malignant cancer, with poor outcomes and a high incidence rate, and current treatment approaches to prevent tumor progression and development remain unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is urgent to explore novel methods to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Autophagy is a highly conserved process associated with metastasis and drug resistance. Lipids are selectively recognized and degraded via autophagy; thus, autophagy is a crucial process to maintain tumor self-protection. MicroRNA (miR)-425 is a tumor-associated gene involved in liver cancer development that can induce cell proliferation and drug resistance. Using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assays, the present study revealed that inhibition of miR-425 promoted lipophagy by mediating the autophagy process, which in turn helps to promote sorafenib resistance. Using a bioinformatics website, it was revealed that autophagy promoted lipophagy by targeting silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1). The results of luciferase reporter assays supported this finding, and rescue experiments provided additional evidence. Overall, the current results suggested that inhibition of miR-425 expression increased SIRT1 expression to promote lipophagy, leading to the inhibition of liver cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongping Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Hongyuan Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
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