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Eggers EJ, Su Y, van der Poel E, Flipsen M, de Vries ME, Bachem CWB, Visser RGF, Lindhout P. Identification, Elucidation and Deployment of a Cytoplasmic Male Sterility System for Hybrid Potato. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:447. [PMID: 38927327 PMCID: PMC11200408 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in diploid F1 hybrid potato breeding rely on the production of inbred lines using the S-locus inhibitor (Sli) gene. As a result of this method, female parent lines are self-fertile and require emasculation before hybrid seed production. The resulting F1 hybrids are self-fertile as well and produce many undesirable berries in the field. Utilization of cytoplasmic male sterility would eliminate the need for emasculation, resulting in more efficient hybrid seed production and male sterile F1 hybrids. We observed plants that completely lacked anthers in an F2 population derived from an interspecific cross between diploid S. tuberosum and S. microdontum. We studied the antherless trait to determine its suitability for use in hybrid potato breeding. We mapped the causal locus to the short arm of Chromosome 6, developed KASP markers for the antherless (al) locus and introduced it into lines with T and A cytoplasm. We found that antherless type male sterility is not expressed in T and A cytoplasm, proving that it is a form of CMS. We hybridized male sterile al/al plants with P cytoplasm with pollen from al/al plants with T and A cytoplasm and we show that the resulting hybrids set significantly fewer berries in the field. Here, we show that the antherless CMS system can be readily deployed in diploid F1 hybrid potato breeding to improve hybridization efficiency and reduce berry set in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst-Jan Eggers
- Solynta, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands (C.W.B.B.)
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands (R.G.F.V.)
- Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Su
- Solynta, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands (C.W.B.B.)
| | - Esmee van der Poel
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands (R.G.F.V.)
| | - Martijn Flipsen
- Hogeschool Arnhem Nijmegen, Laan van Scheut 2, 6525 EM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christian W. B. Bachem
- Solynta, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands (C.W.B.B.)
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands (R.G.F.V.)
| | - Richard G. F. Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands (R.G.F.V.)
| | - Pim Lindhout
- Solynta, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands (C.W.B.B.)
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Gavrilenko T, Chukhina I, Antonova O, Krylova E, Shipilina L, Oskina N, Kostina L. Comparative Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Chilean Cultivated Potato Based on a Molecular Study of Authentic Herbarium Specimens and Present-Day Gene Bank Accessions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:174. [PMID: 36616303 PMCID: PMC9823414 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
At the end of the 1920s, Vavilov organized several potato-collecting missions in South and Central America. Vavilov and his colleagues, Juzepczuk and Bukasov, participated in these expeditions and worked on gathered material, designated two centers of potato varietal riches and diversity-the Peru-Bolivia high-mountain center and the southern coast of Chile. The WIR Herbarium holds authentic specimens of many taxa described by Russian taxonomists. Here, a set of 20 plastid DNA-specific markers was applied for 49 authentic herbarium specimens of Solanum tuberosum L. from the WIR Herbarium to analyze the genetic diversity of the landrace population collected by Juzepczuk in 1928 in southern-central Chile. Two plastid DNA types, T and A, and two chlorotypes were identified in herbarium specimens, with a clear predominance (96%) of chlorotype cpT_III. In addition, we analyzed 46 living Chilean accessions from the VIR field potato gene bank that were collected after the appearance of Phytophthora infestans in Chile. These living accessions were differentiated into four chlorotypes. Finding a D-type cytoplasm in living Chilean accessions that possess two new chlorotypes indicates a replacement of native cultivars and introgression from the wild Mexican species S. demissum that was actively used in breeding as a source of race-specific resistance to late blight.
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Phenotypic, molecular and biochemical evaluation of somatic hybrids between Solanum tuberosum and S. bulbocastanum. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4484. [PMID: 35296723 PMCID: PMC8927101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic hybridization has been frequently used to overcome sexual incompatibility between potato and its secondary germplasm. The primary objective of this study was to produce and evaluate somatic hybrids of Solanum tuberosum (Stub) and S. bulbocastanum (Sblb) for breeding purposes. In 2007, 23 somatic hybrids were produced using an electrofusion of mesophyll protoplasts of diploid (2n = 2x = 24) potato line StubDH165 and S. bulbocastanum PI24351 (Sblb66). Phenotype of somatic hybrids in field conditions were evaluated, together with constitution and stability of 30 nuclear (ncSSR) and 27 cytoplasmic (cpSSR) microsatellite markers and content of main glycoalkaloids. All somatic hybrids had very high field resistance against late blight, but the plants were infertile: the viability of pollen grains insignificantly varied between 0.58 and 8.97%. A significant somaclonal variation was observed in terms of the morphology of plants, the date of emergence, the quantity of harvested tubers, the content of glycoalkaloids in foliage, and nuclear microsatellite markers (ncSSR). The analysis of ncSSR identified five distinct genotypes of hybrids partly associated with phenotype variations. The process of somatic hybridization with regeneration of shoots was identified as the most likely source of somaclonal variation because the ncSSR genotypes of hybrids, which were maintained in vitro, remained stable for more than 10 years. The infertile somatic hybrids have no practical breeding potential, but they are considered very suitable for advanced studies of the differential expression of genes in the pathways linked to dormancy of tubers and synthesis of glycoalkaloids.
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Sood S, Kumar A, Singh B, S S, Bhardwaj V. Cytoplasmic genome of Indian potato varieties and breeding lines vis a vis prospects in potato breeding. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06365. [PMID: 33732923 PMCID: PMC7937657 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in research resulted in development of a simple, rapid and reliable multiplex PCR protocol for cytoplasm differentiation in potato. Applying this rapid technique, we assessed the cytoplasm diversity in 57 Indian potato varieties, 15 popular exotic varieties and 47 biotic stress resistance breeding parental lines using five DNA based markers. Results revealed that T is the predominant cytoplasm type followed by D in Indian and exotic potato varieties as well as parental lines. The proportion of T and D type cytoplasm was 77.2% and 19.3% and 73.3% and 20.0% in Indian and exotic varieties, respectively. A and W type were found in one variety each, while M and P were missing in Indian varieties. All the popular Indian table potato varieties have tuberosum type cytoplasm with few exceptions of varieties bred for biotic stress resistance namely Kufri Himalini, Kufri Girdhari, carrying demissum cytoplasm. Opposite was true for Indian processing cultivars with the exception of Kufri Chipsona 4, which had T type cytoplasm. Evaluation of biotic stress resistance breeding parental lines showed increasing use of D (34.0%) and W (12.8%) cytoplasm in comparison to previously bred varieties. Although D type cytoplasm is associated with late blight resistance and male sterility, all Indian cultivars with D type cytoplasm are not resistant to late blight, nor they all are male sterile. Male fertile D type cytoplasm and the cytoplasms showing good interaction between cytoplasmic and nuclear gene for agronomic traits should be incorporated in the parental lines. Efforts must also be done to diversify the cytoplasm of cultivated potato with at least semi-cultivated cytoplasm types.
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Abstract
Size, structure, and sequence content lability of plant mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) across species has sharply limited its use in taxonomic studies. Historically, mtDNA variation has been first investigated with RFLPs, while the development of universal primers then allowed studying sequence polymorphisms within short genomic regions (<3 kb). The recent advent of NGS technologies now offers new opportunities by greatly facilitating the assembly of longer mtDNA regions, and even full mitogenomes. Phylogenetic works aiming at comparing signals from different genomic compartments (i.e., nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondria) have been developed on a few plant lineages, and have been shown especially relevant in groups with contrasted inheritance of organelle genomes. This chapter first reviews the main characteristics of mtDNA and the application offered in taxonomic studies. It then presents tips for best sequencing protocol based on NGS data to be routinely used in mtDNA-based phylogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Duminil
- DIADE, University of Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Guillaume Besnard
- CNRS-UPS-IRD, UMR5174, EDB, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Achakkagari SR, Kyriakidou M, Tai HH, Anglin NL, Ellis D, Strömvik MV. Complete plastome assemblies from a panel of 13 diverse potato taxa. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240124. [PMID: 33031462 PMCID: PMC7544113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The chloroplasts are a crucial part of photosynthesizing plant cells and are extensively utilized in phylogenetic studies mainly due to their maternal inheritance. Characterization and analysis of complete plastome sequences is necessary to understand their diversity and evolutionary relationships. Here, a panel of thirteen plastomes from various potato taxa are presented. Though they are highly similar with respect to gene order and content, there is also a great extent of SNPs and InDels between them, with one of the Solanum bukasovii plastomes (BUK2) having the highest number of SNPs and InDels. Five different potato plastome types (C, S, A, W, W2) are present in the panel. Interestingly, the S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum (TBR) accession has a W-type plastome, which is not commonly found in this species. The S-type plastome has a conserved 48 bp deletion not found in other types, which is responsible for the divergence of the S-type from the C-type plastome. Finally, a phylogenetic analysis shows that these plastomes cluster according to their types. Congruence between the nuclear genome and the plastome phylogeny of these accessions was seen, however with considerable differences, supporting the hypothesis of introgression and hybridization between potato species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Kyriakidou
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Helen H. Tai
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, Canada
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Smyda-Dajmund P, Śliwka J, Janiszewska M, Zimnoch-Guzowska E. Cytoplasmic diversity of potato relatives preserved at Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute in Poland. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3929-3935. [PMID: 32406017 PMCID: PMC7239805 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Among different types of potato cytoplasmic genomes, some are associated with male sterility or affect agronomic traits. The goal of this study was to analyze types of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of selected potato relatives originating from collection of the Institute of Plant Industry, Saint Petersburg, Russia, and preserved in Poland. Using chloroplast and mitochondrial markers the cytoplasm types were determined for 401 genotypes belonging to 43 seed accessions of 28 Solanum species. Among characterized genotypes, 201 (50.1%), 156 (38.9%) and 44 (11%) had cytoplasm types W, D, M, respectively. No accessions with the T, P or A cytoplasm were found. Within cytoplasm W, genotypes with the subtypes: W/α and W/β were identified, but not with W/γ. In S. famatinae, we detected unusual product of the T marker with 65 bp insertion earlier seen exclusively in S. vernei. Among the genotypes of S. leptophyes, two profiles of the ALM_4/ALM_5 marker were observed. S. famatinae and S. vernei come from Argentina, provinces Catamarca and Tucumán. Possibly the insertion in marker T occurred independently in two species, or the accessions were misidentified. Segregation of the ALM_4/ALM_5 marker within S. leptophyes indicates that potato seed accessions are heterogeneous not only due to nuclear DNA polymorphisms but have diversified cytoplasm, too. Our findings are important for exploitation of the tested material in potato breeding. Male-fertile cytoplasm types give a chance of avoiding fertility problems and widening the range of crosses in future generations of breeding materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Smyda-Dajmund
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Młochów Research Center, Platanowa 19, 05-831, Młochów, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Śliwka
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Młochów Research Center, Platanowa 19, 05-831, Młochów, Poland
| | - Marta Janiszewska
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Młochów Research Center, Platanowa 19, 05-831, Młochów, Poland
| | - Ewa Zimnoch-Guzowska
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Młochów Research Center, Platanowa 19, 05-831, Młochów, Poland
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Sanetomo R, Gebhardt C. Cytoplasmic genome types of European potatoes and their effects on complex agronomic traits. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:162. [PMID: 26112802 PMCID: PMC4480903 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various wild species germplasm has been used in European potato breeding since the first introduction of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to Europe. As the plant cytoplasmic genome including chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes is transmitted only through the maternal parent, cytoplasmic markers are useful tools in breeding programs to determine cytoplasmic genome types and to trace maternal ancestors. The potato cytoplasmic genome can be distinguished into six distinct types (M, P, A, W, T, and D). Male sterility was found in genotypes with S. demissum-derived D-type cytoplasm and S. stoloniferum-derived W/γ-type cytoplasm. These wild species were frequently used to incorporate superior pathogen resistance genes. As a result, the percentage of these two types is increasing unintentionally in the European germplasm pool. Other than cytoplasmic male sterility, little is known about effects of the cytoplasmic genome on complex agronomic traits in potato. RESULT The cytoplasm types of 1,217 European potato cultivars and breeding clones were determined with type specific DNA markers. Most frequent were T- (59.4 %), D- (27.4 %), and W- (12.2 %) type cytoplasm, while A- (0.7 %) and M-type cytoplasm (0.3 %) was rare and P-type cytoplasm was absent. When comparing varieties with breeding clones, the former showed a relatively higher frequency of T-type and lower frequency of D- and W-type cytoplasm. Correlation analysis of cytoplasm types and agronomic data showed that W/γ-type cytoplasm was correlated with increased tuber starch content and later plant maturity. Correlation with quantitative resistance to late blight was observed for D-type and M-type cytoplasm. Both cytoplasm types had a positive effect on resistance. CONCLUSION This study revealed and quantified the cytoplasmic diversity in the European potato germplasm pool. Knowledge of cytoplasm type is important for maintaining genetic diversity and managing the male sterility problem in breeding programs. This is the first comprehensive study to show correlations of distinct cytoplasmic genomes with complex agronomic traits in potato. Correlations particularly with tuber starch content and resistance to late blight provided new knowledge on cytoplasmic effects on these important traits, which can be exploited for genetic improvement of potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Sanetomo
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Potato Germplasm Enhancement Laboratory, West 2-11, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Christiane Gebhardt
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
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Machida-Hirano R. Diversity of potato genetic resources. BREEDING SCIENCE 2015; 65:26-40. [PMID: 25931978 PMCID: PMC4374561 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.65.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A considerable number of highly diverse species exist in genus Solanum. Because they can adapt to a broad range of habitats, potato wild relatives are promising sources of desirable agricultural traits. Potato taxonomy is quite complex because of introgression, interspecific hybridization, auto- and allopolyploidy, sexual compatibility among many species, a mixture of sexual and asexual reproduction, possible recent species divergence, phenotypic plasticity, and the consequent high morphological similarity among species. Recent researchers using molecular tools have contributed to the identification of genes controlling several types of resistance as well as to the revision of taxonomical relationships among potato species. Historically, primitive forms of cultivated potato and its wild relatives have been used in breeding programs and there is still an enormous and unimaginable potential for discovering desirable characteristics, particularly in wild species Different methods have been developed to incorporate useful alleles from these wild species into the improved cultivars. Potato germplasm comprising of useful alleles for different breeding objectives is preserved in various gene banks worldwide. These materials, with their invaluable information, are accessible for research and breeding purposes. Precise identification of species base on the new taxonomy is essential for effective use of the germplasm collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Machida-Hirano
- Gene Research Center, University of Tsukuba,
1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-3572,
Japan
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Abstract
The lability in size, structure, and sequence content of mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) across plant species has sharply limited its use in taxonomic studies. However, due to the new opportunities offered by the availability of complete mtDNA sequence in plant species and the subsequent development of universal primers, the number of mtDNA-based molecular studies has recently increased. Historically, universal primers have enabled to characterize mtDNA polymorphism mainly by the RFLP technique. This methodology has been progressively replaced by Sanger DNA sequencing, which actually provides the full phylogenetic information content of a DNA fragment (single nucleotide, insertion/deletion, and single sequence repeat length polymorphism). This chapter presents a sequencing working protocol to be routinely used in mtDNA-based phylogenetic studies.
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Tiwari JK, Chandel P, Singh BP, Bhardwaj V. Analysis of plastome and chondriome genome types in potato somatic hybrids from Solanum tuberosum × Solanum etuberosum. Genome 2014; 57:29-35. [PMID: 24564213 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2013-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasm types of the potato somatic hybrids from Solanum tuberosum × Solanum etuberosum were analysed using chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) organelle genomes-specific markers. Of the 29 markers (15 cpDNA and 14 mtDNA) amplified in the 26 genotypes, 5 cpDNA (H3, NTCP4, NTCP8, NTCP9, and ALC1/ALC3) and 13 mtDNA markers showed polymorphism. The cluster analysis based on the mtDNA markers detected higher diversity compared with the cpDNA markers. Presence of new mtDNA fragments of the markers, namely, T11-2, Nsm1, pumD, Nsm3, and Nsm4, were observed, while monomorphic loci revealed highly conserved genomic regions in the somatic hybrids. The study revealed that the somatic hybrids had diverse cytoplasm types consisting predominantly of T-, W-, and C-, with a few A- and S-type cp genomes; and α-, β-, and γ-type mt genomes. Somatic hybridization has unique potential to widen the cytoplasm types of the cultivated gene pools from wild species through introgression by breeding methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagesh K Tiwari
- Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla-171 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Hosaka K, Sanetomo R. Development of a rapid identification method for potato cytoplasm and its use for evaluating Japanese collections. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2012; 125:1237-51. [PMID: 22696007 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-1909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasm of potatoes, characterized by the presence of T-type chloroplast DNA and β-type mitochondrial DNA, is sensitive to nuclear chromosomal genes that contribute to various types of male sterility. Past breeding efforts with various potato varieties have resulted in several different cytoplasms other than T/β. Varieties with Solanum stoloniferum-derived cytoplasm (W/γ) show complete male sterility, while those with S. demissum-derived cytoplasm (W/α) produce abundant, but non-functional pollen. Thus, identification of cytoplasmic types is important for designing efficient mating combinations. To date, only T-type chloroplast DNA can be accurately identified by a PCR marker. Here, we report a rapid identification technique by multiplex PCR, followed by restriction digestion with BamHI in one reaction tube, and propose a new nomenclature for potato cytoplasm types (T, D, P, A, M, and W). Using this new technique, our collections of 748 genotypes, including 84 Japanese named varieties, 378 breeding lines and 26 landraces, and 260 foreign varieties and breeding lines, were grouped into cytoplasm types: T (73.9 %), D (17.4 %), P (4.5 %), A (1.5 %), M (0.3 %), and W (2.4 %). The utility of this marker system for breeding is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Hosaka
- NARO Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Shinsei, Memuro, Hokkaido, 082-0081, Japan.
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Seibt KM, Wenke T, Wollrab C, Junghans H, Muders K, Dehmer KJ, Diekmann K, Schmidt T. Development and application of SINE-based markers for genotyping of potato varieties. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2012; 125:185-196. [PMID: 22371142 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-1825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Potato variety discrimination based on morphological traits is laborious and influenced by the environment, while currently applied molecular markers are either expensive or time-consuming in development or application. SINEs, short interspersed nuclear elements, are retrotransposons with a high copy number in plant genomes representing a potential source for new markers. We developed a marker system for potato genotyping, designated inter-SINE amplified polymorphism (ISAP). Based on nine potato SINE families recently characterized (Wenke et al. in Plant Cell 23:3117-3128, 2011), we designed species-specific SINE primers. From the resulting 153 primer combinations, highly informative primer sets were selected for potato variety analysis regarding number of bands, quality of the banding pattern, and the degree of polymorphism. Fragments representing ISAPs can be separated by conventional agarose gel electrophoresis; however, automation with a capillary sequencer is feasible. Two selected SINE families, SolS-IIIa and SolS-IV, were shown to be highly but differently amplified in Solanaceae, Solaneae tribe, including wild and cultivated potatoes, tomato, and eggplant. Fluorescent in situ hybridization demonstrated the genome-wide distribution of SolS-IIIa and SolS-IV along potato chromosomes, which is the basis for genotype discrimination and differentiation of somaclonal variants by ISAP markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M Seibt
- Institute of Botany, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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