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Alhumaidi KA, Alotaibi EA, Almansour S, Alharbi A, Alharbi NH, AlJameli SM, Aljateli GA, Alobaid NM, Almasoud RA. Parents' Knowledge and Perception Toward Short Stature in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e51163. [PMID: 38283450 PMCID: PMC10812849 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Short stature is a common reason for referral to pediatric endocrinologists. A Saudi study highlights significant short stature prevalence, with parents exhibiting varied knowledge levels. Common normal variants of short stature are familial short stature, constitutional, and idiopathic short stature. Pathologic causes of short stature include growth hormone deficiency, genetic disorders, and chronic diseases. Parents' knowledge plays an important role in the diagnosis and early intervention of this condition. Insufficient studies prompt the authors to conduct a novel survey assessing Saudi parents' knowledge and perceptions of short stature, filling a research gap. Methodology This is a cross-sectional study conducted among Saudi Parents in five different regions of Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among parents via an online survey. The questionnaire includes sociodemographic characteristics and questions to assess the knowledge and perception regarding short stature. Non-probability sampling targets parents living in Saudi Arabia. Data is analyzed by SPSS version 29 (IBM Inc., Armonk, New York). Results Our study on Saudi parents' knowledge of short stature reveals diverse awareness levels. While genetic causes are widely recognized in (71.6%; N=245) of parents (N=352), awareness drops for factors like low birth weight (23.9%; N=82) total of (N=352). Parents show uncertainty in recognizing short stature (51.4%; N=352) and varied beliefs on growth cessation. A majority (65.6%; N=231) of parents (N=352) prefer early intervention, with 41.5% (N=146) of parents (N=352) recognizing growth hormone therapy. Sociodemographic factors influence knowledge scores, with higher scores in males (21.03) and Central region residents (22.03; p<0.001). Notably, 83.4% (N=248) of parents (N=352) acknowledge psychological complications. Conclusion Our study highlights varied awareness among parents regarding short stature, emphasizing genetic causes but demonstrating gaps in recognizing certain factors. Sociodemographic factors significantly influence knowledge scores. Psychological complications are widely acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadi A Alhumaidi
- Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU
| | - Eman A Alotaibi
- Family and Community Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU
| | | | - Aeshah Alharbi
- Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU
| | - Norah H Alharbi
- Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim, SAU
| | - Shahad M AlJameli
- Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim, SAU
| | - Ghadah A Aljateli
- Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim, SAU
| | - Njood M Alobaid
- Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim, SAU
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Alharazy S, Naseer MI. Use of whole exome sequencing for identification of genetic variants related to Growth Hormone Deficiency and Short Stature: A Family-Based Study. Pak J Med Sci 2023; 39:1337-1344. [PMID: 37680843 PMCID: PMC10480707 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.39.5.7601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in growth process and Vitamin-D metabolism form a significant etiology behind growth hormone deficiency and short stature. The aim of this study was to explore for known and unknown genes and variants related to growth hormone and short stature in a family based study using whole exome sequencing (WES). Method This family-based study included a family with members diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency, short stature and Vitamin-D deficiency (four boys affected and four boys non-affected). The participants were recruited from King Abdulaziz University Hospital (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia) and referred to King Fahad Centre for Medical Research (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from April 2022 to June 2022. The consanguineous parents and one of the affected boys (aged 16 years old) underwent WES. Results Several variants in RNPC3, ACAN, GC, VDR and LRP2 were identified in index cases but not in controls. Novel frameshift and splice region variants in RNPC3 (c.358dupA, p.Arg120fs) were detected. Other missense variants were also observed including variants in ACAN (c.2591C>T, c.2789G>T, c.2815T>A, c.4207A>G, c.4523A>C and c.7119C>G), GC (rs4588 and rs7041) and LRP2 (rs2075252 and rs1991517). A start loss variant in VDR (rs2228570) with high impact was also observed. Conclusions Our findings suggest a potential association of these variants with growth hormone deficiency and short stature. In this study, novel pathogenic variants in RNPC3 were revealed as well as other variants in ACAN and in genes related to Vitamin-D metabolism (GC, VDR and LRP2) that some or all might be associated with growth hormone deficiency. Further large-scale studies are required to address the association of these variants with growth hormone deficiency and its subsequent short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Alharazy
- Shatha Alharazy Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Muhammad Imran Naseer Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Zahra F, Ahsan T, Lal Rehman U, Jabeen R. Clinical Spectrum and Causes of Delayed Puberty Among Patients Presenting to the Endocrine Clinic at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre. Cureus 2022; 14:e21574. [PMID: 35228933 PMCID: PMC8866913 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Alassaf A, Gharaibeh L, Ibrahim S, Odeh R. Etiologies, profile patterns and characteristics of children with short stature in Jordan. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:559-565. [PMID: 33851794 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood growth influences their social and psychological behavior, and abnormal growth may reflect underlying pathological etiologies. It is important to diagnose children with short stature as early as possible to be able to manage treatable causes. We aim to study etiologies and characteristics of short stature in children in Jordan. METHODS This is a cross-sectional retrospective review of the medical records of children diagnosed with short stature at a referral university hospital. Clinical characteristics, auxological, laboratory, and radiological investigations were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Among a total of 551 children diagnosed with short stature, the number of boys was significantly higher than girls, 304 (55.2%) and 247 (44.8%), respectively with a p-value of 0.015. Average age at presentation for all patients was 10.24 ± 3.23, with no significant difference between boys and girls. Pathological etiology was higher than normal variants 55.7 and 44.3%, respectively with p=0.007. Constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) was the most frequent cause in the normal variant group, 59.8%. Among the pathological group, the most common etiology was growth hormone deficiency (32.2%) with mean age of presentation of 9.40 years and was not significantly different from the age in other etiological groups, 9.44 years and p=0.931. CONCLUSIONS Growth monitoring of children should start at an early age for boys and girls. Referral to the pediatric endocrine clinic should be considered when growth problems are suspected for accurate diagnosis and etiology profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Alassaf
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lobna Gharaibeh
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sarah Ibrahim
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rasha Odeh
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Essaddam L, Kallali W, Cherifi E, Guedri R, Mattoussi N, Fitouri Z, Ben Becher S. Characteristics and etiologies of short stature in children: Experience of an endocrine clinic in a Tunisian tertiary care hospital. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 2019; 7:74-77. [PMID: 32642540 PMCID: PMC7335824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpam.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Short stature is a common reason for referral to pediatric endocrinology clinics. It may be a manifestation of a pathological condition requiring early treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and etiologies of short stature among children referred to the pediatric endocrinology clinic of the main pediatric tertiary care center in Tunisia. Methods Retrospective and descriptive study in the endocrinology unit of children referred for short stature between January 2012 and December 2016. Data on the patients' medical history, physical findings, laboratory tests, bone age and chromosomal analysis were collected. Results 470 children (266 males and 204 females) were referred during that period. 214 (45.5%) had normal height, and 80.8% of them were referred by general practitioners. The other 256 children (54.5%) had a confirmed short stature (mean age :7.2 years, mean height: -2.77 SDS). Endocrinological causes were the most common(43% GHD, 4% hypothyroidism) followed by intrauterine growth retardation IUGR (24%), genetic syndromes (8.4%), chronic pediatric diseases (7.8%), skeletal dysplasia (6.2%), normal variant of short stature (5%), and psychosocial deprivation (1.2%). Among non-endocrine causes, Turner syndrome was the most common genetic syndrome (4.4%), achondroplasia the main skeletal dysplasia (4%) and celiac disease the main chronic disease (3.4%). Conclusions ST is largely overestimated in our country. Therefore, it is important to insist on adequate measurement and analysis of growth parameters to avoid unnecessary investigations. GHD and IUGR were the most common causes. Celiac disease, though frequent in Tunisia, is not a common cause of short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Essaddam
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.,Children Hospital Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Jebbari, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Kallali
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.,Children Hospital Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Jebbari, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Cherifi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.,Children Hospital Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Jebbari, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rahma Guedri
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.,Children Hospital Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Jebbari, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Mattoussi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.,Children Hospital Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Jebbari, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zohra Fitouri
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.,Children Hospital Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Jebbari, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saayda Ben Becher
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.,Children Hospital Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Jebbari, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
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Association between Growth Hormone-Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Axis Gene Polymorphisms and Short Stature in Chinese Children. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7431050. [PMID: 29687007 PMCID: PMC5857343 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7431050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was designed to analyze the association between the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH-IGF-1) axis gene polymorphisms and short stature in Chinese children. Methods 181 growth hormone deficiency (GHD) patients and 206 normal stature controls were enrolled to attend this study. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the GH receptor (GHR) and 5 SNPs within the GH-signaling pathway were genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. We conducted an association study between these SNPs and the risk of developing short stature. Linkage disequilibrium analysis was performed using Haploview software and the associations of the SNPs frequencies with short stature were analyzed using X2 tests. Results No significant difference was found in gender, weight, height, and BMI between the GHD and control groups, except that the age of GHD group was older than the control one. Allele and genotype frequencies were consistent with those expected from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Compared with the controls, heterozygous genotype frequencies (CT) of rs12515480 and rs6873545 of GHR gene were significantly lower. Genotype frequencies of the other 8 SNPs did not show significant difference between these two groups. Considering a dominant model, an OR < 1 was observed for genotypes rs12515480 (OR = 0.532, P = 0.019) and rs6873545 (OR = 0.587, P = 0.017). Conclusions The heterozygous genotypes of rs12515480 and rs6873545 of GHR gene were associated with decreased risk of GHD in Chinese children.
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Jawa A, Riaz SH, Khan Assir MZ, Afreen B, Riaz A, Akram J. Causes of short stature in Pakistani children found at an Endocrine Center. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32:1321-1325. [PMID: 28083018 PMCID: PMC5216274 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.326.11077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Short stature is defined as height below 3rd centile. Causes of short stature can range from familial, endocrine disorders, chronic diseases to chromosomal disorders. Most common cause in literature being idiopathic short stature. Early detection and management of remedial disorders like malnutrition and vitamin D deficiency, Endocrine disorders like growth hormone deficiency & hypothyroidism can lead to attainment of expected height. Pakistani data shows idiopathic short stature as the most common cause of short stature. Our study aimed at detecting causes of short stature in children/adolescents at an Endocrine referral center. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted at WILCARE Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Lahore on 70 well-nourished children/adolescents. The patients had been evaluated clinically, biochemically and radiologically as needed. Biochemical testing included hormonal testing as well to detect endocrine causes. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS 20.0. RESULTS Leading cause of short stature in our population was Growth Hormone (GH) deficiency seen in 48 out of 70 (69%) patients. Second most common endocrine abnormality seen in these patients was Vitamin D deficiency [44 out of 70 patients (63%)]. Primary hypothyroidism; pan-hypopituitarism & adrenal insufficiency were other endocrine causes. The weight for age was below 3rd percentile in 57 (81%) patients, with no association with other major causes. CONCLUSION Growth hormone and Vitamin D deficiency constitute one of the major causes of short stature among well-nourished children with short stature in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jawa
- Prof. Ali Jawa, MD, MPH, DABIM, FACE, Wilshire Cardiovascular and Endocrine Center of Excellence (WILCARE), Lahore, Pakistan, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, PIMS, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hunain Riaz
- Syed Hunain Riaz, FCPS (MED), Wilshire Cardiovascular and Endocrine Center of Excellence (WILCARE), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman Khan Assir
- Muhammad Zaman Khan Assir, FCPS (MED), Wilshire Cardiovascular and Endocrine Center of Excellence (WILCARE), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bahjat Afreen
- Bahjat Afreen, FCPS (MED), Wilshire Cardiovascular and Endocrine Center of Excellence (WILCARE), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Riaz
- Amna Riaz, FCPS (MED), FCPS (ENDO), Wilshire Cardiovascular and Endocrine Center of Excellence (WILCARE), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Javed Akram
- Prof. Javed Akram, MD, MRCP, FRCP (GLASG), FACP, FACC, FASIM, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, PIMS, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zayed AA, Beano AM, Haddadin FI, Radwan SS, Allauzy SA, Alkhayyat MM, Al-Dahabrah ZA, Al-Hasan YG, Yousef AMF. Prevalence of short stature, underweight, overweight, and obesity among school children in Jordan. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1040. [PMID: 27716150 PMCID: PMC5048690 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of short stature (SS) and underweight in Jordan on a national level is unknown. This study aimed to investigate, on a national level, the prevalence of short stature (SS), underweight, overweight, and obesity among school aged children in Jordan. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2015 to January 2016 and included 2702 subjects aged 6–17 years. Jordan was classified into 3 regions; North, Center (urban), and South (rural). Public and private schools were randomly selected from a random sample of cities from each region. The socioeconomic status of the sampling locations was assessed using several indicators including education, income, healthcare and housing conditions. For each participating subject, anthropometrics were obtained. SS, underweight, overweight and obesity were defined using Center of Disease Control’s (CDC) growth charts. Median Z-scores for each region, age and gender were calculated. Results The Central and Northern regions enjoyed higher socioeconomic status compared to rural Southern regions. The overall prevalence of SS, underweight, overweight, and obesity were 4.9 %, 5.7 %, 17.3 %, and 15.7 %, respectively. SS and underweight were most prevalent in the rural South, while obesity was highest in the Central region. Females were more likely to be overweight, while males were more likely to be obese. Private schools had higher prevalence of obesity and overweight than public ones. Conclusions Variations in height and weight among Jordanian school children might be affected by socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Zayed
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan/Jordan University Hospital, PO Box 13046, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Abdallah M Beano
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, PO Box 13046, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Faris I Haddadin
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, PO Box 13046, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Sohab S Radwan
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, PO Box 13046, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Suhaib A Allauzy
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, PO Box 13046, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Motasem M Alkhayyat
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, PO Box 13046, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Zaid A Al-Dahabrah
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, PO Box 13046, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Yanal G Al-Hasan
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, PO Box 13046, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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Alharthi AA. Idiopathic Short Stature in Children: A Hospital Based Study. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2016.56.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Berger M, Sarantopoulos C, Ongchangco D, Sry J, Cesario T. Rapid isolation of gluten-digesting bacteria from human stool and saliva by using gliadin-containing plates. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:917-24. [PMID: 25519429 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214564748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of individuals with gluten intolerance has increased dramatically over the last years. To date, the only therapy for gluten intolerance is the complete avoidance of dietary gluten. To sustain a strictly gluten-free diet, however, is very challenging. Therefore, there is need for a non-dietary therapy. Any such treatment must appreciate that the immunogenic part of gluten are gliadin peptides which are poorly degraded by the enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotic therapy and oral enzyme therapy containing gluten-degrading bacteria (GDB) and their gliadin-digesting enzymes are possible new approaches for the treatment of gluten intolerance, however effectively isolating GDB for these treatments is problematic. The goal of this study was to develop an easy technique to isolate GDB rapidly and efficiently with the hope it might lead to newer ways of developing either probiotics or traditional medicines to treat gluten intolerance. Several researchers have already isolated successfully GDB by using gluten minimal or limited agar plates. Although these plates can be used to isolate bacteria which can tolerate gluten, further assays are needed to investigate if the same bacteria can also digest gluten. The agar plates we developed can detect bacteria which cannot only tolerate gluten but are able to digest it as well. Therefore, we were able to combine two steps into one step. Using such technologies, we were able to isolate five GDB from saliva and stool, and identified three bacterial reference strains with gluten-degrading activity. The technique we developed to isolate bacteria with gluten-degrading activity is fast, effective, and easy to use. The GDB isolated by our technology could have potential as part of a probiotic or enzymatic therapy for people with gluten intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeremy Sry
- University of California, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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Lashari SK, Korejo HB, Memon YM. To determine frequency of etiological factors in short statured patients presenting at an endocrine clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Pak J Med Sci 2014; 30:858-61. [PMID: 25097532 PMCID: PMC4121713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of etiological factors in short statured patients presenting at endocrine clinic of National Institute of Child Health, Karachi. METHODS This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Endocrine clinic of National Institute of Child Health, Karachi. One hundred children (48 boys and 52 girls) aged 3-15 years (mean 9.9±3.4) with short stature from January 2007 to July 2007 were evaluated during that period. RESULTS Constitutional growth delay (CGD) and familial short stature (FSS) were identified as the most common, 55% of all short stature cases. Non-endocrinal causes as a single entity was detected in 17 children. Most common etiological factors in order of frequency were normal variant of growth (CGD, FSS), Hypothyroidism, Growth Hormone deficiency (GHD), and Celiac disease. GHD was found in 13% of total cases and it comprises 44% among endocrinal causes. Boys outnumbered girls with ratio of 2.7:1 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Most common cause of short stature was normal variants of growth as a group. Children with height falling below 0.4(th) percentile are more likely to have pathological cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Kulsom Lashari
- Dr. Shazia Kulsom, MBBS, FCPS (Paeds), Senior Registrar, National Institute of Child Health (NICH), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Bux Korejo
- Dr. Hussain Bux Korejo, MBBS, MCPS, FCPS (Paeds), Assistant Professor of Paediatrics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Yasmeen Memon Memon
- Dr. Yasmeem Memon, FCPS Paeditrics, Associate Professor of Paediatrics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
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