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Grossmann C, Almeida-Prieto B, Nolze A, Alvarez de la Rosa D. Structural and molecular determinants of mineralocorticoid receptor signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:3103-3118. [PMID: 34811739 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) has evolved from a much-overlooked member of the steroid hormone receptor family to an important player, not only in volume and electrolyte homeostasis but also in pathological changes occurring in an increasing number of tissues, especially the renal and cardiovascular systems. Simultaneously, a wealth of information about the structure, interaction partners and chromatin requirements for genomic signalling of steroid hormone receptors became available. However, much of the information for the MR has been deduced from studies of other family members and there is still a lack of knowledge about MR-specific features in ligand binding, chromatin remodelling, co-factor interactions and general MR specificity-conferring mechanisms that can completely explain the differences in pathophysiological function between MR and its closest relative, the glucocorticoid receptor. This review aims to give an overview of the current knowledge of MR structure, signalling and co-factors modulating its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Grossmann
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Brian Almeida-Prieto
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alexander Nolze
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Diego Alvarez de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Laryea G, Muglia L, Arnett M, Muglia LJ. Dissection of glucocorticoid receptor-mediated inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by gene targeting in mice. Front Neuroendocrinol 2015; 36:150-64. [PMID: 25256348 PMCID: PMC4342273 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Negative feedback regulation of glucocorticoid (GC) synthesis and secretion occurs through the function of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) at sites in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as well as in brain regions such as the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and sympathetic nervous system. This function of GRs in negative feedback coordinates basal glucocorticoid secretion and stress-induced increases in secretion that integrate GC production with the magnitude and duration of the stressor. This review describes the effects of GR loss along major sites of negative feedback including the entire brain, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), and the pituitary. In genetic mouse models, we evaluate circadian regulation of the HPA axis, stress-stimulated neuroendocrine response and behavioral activity, as well as the integrated response of organism metabolism. Our analysis provides information on contributions of region-specific GR-mediated negative feedback to provide insight in understanding HPA axis dysregulation and the pathogenesis of psychiatric and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Laryea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Center for Preterm Birth Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 7009, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Lisa Muglia
- Center for Preterm Birth Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 7009, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Melinda Arnett
- Center for Preterm Birth Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 7009, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Louis J Muglia
- Center for Preterm Birth Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 7009, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 7009, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
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Nakagawa H, Oberwinkler H, Nikolaev VO, Gaßner B, Umbenhauer S, Wagner H, Saito Y, Baba HA, Frantz S, Kuhn M. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Locally Counteracts the Deleterious Effects of Cardiomyocyte Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activation. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 7:814-21. [DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.113.000885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background—
The endocrine balance between atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is critical for the maintenance of arterial blood pressure and volume homeostasis. This study investigated whether a cardiac imbalance between ANP and aldosterone, toward increased mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) signaling, contributes to adverse left ventricular remodeling in response to pressure overload.
Methods and Results—
We used the MR-selective antagonist eplerenone to test the role of MRs in mediating pressure overload–induced dilatative cardiomyopathy of mice with abolished local, cardiac ANP activity. In response to 21 days of transverse aortic constriction, mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted inactivation (knockout) of the ANP receptor (guanylyl cyclase [GC]-A) or the downstream cGMP-dependent protein kinase I developed enhanced left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis together with contractile dysfunction. Treatment with eplerenone (100 mg/kg/d) attenuated left ventricular hypertrophy and fully prevented fibrosis, dilatation, and failure. Transverse aortic constriction induced the cardiac expression of profibrotic connective tissue growth factor and attenuated the expression of SERCA2a (sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
-ATPase) in knockout mice, but not in controls. These genotype-dependent molecular changes were similarly prevented by eplerenone. ANP attenuated the aldosterone-induced nuclear translocation of MRs via GC-A/cGMP-dependent protein kinase I in transfected HEK 293 (human embryonic kidney) cells. Coimmunoprecipitation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments demonstrated that a population of MRs were membrane associated in close interaction with GC-A and cGMP-dependent protein kinase I and, moreover, that aldosterone caused a conformational change of this membrane MR/GC-A protein complex which was prevented by ANP.
Conclusions—
ANP counter-regulates cardiac MR activation in hypertensive heart disease. An imbalance in cardiac ANP/GC-A (inhibition) and aldosterone/MR signaling (augmentation) favors adverse cardiac remodeling in chronic pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Nakagawa
- From the Institute of Physiology (H.N., H.O., B.G., M.K.) and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (H.N., S.F., M.K.), University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Emmy Noether Group of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.U., H.W, S.F.); First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (Y.S.); and
| | - Heike Oberwinkler
- From the Institute of Physiology (H.N., H.O., B.G., M.K.) and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (H.N., S.F., M.K.), University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Emmy Noether Group of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.U., H.W, S.F.); First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (Y.S.); and
| | - Viacheslav O. Nikolaev
- From the Institute of Physiology (H.N., H.O., B.G., M.K.) and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (H.N., S.F., M.K.), University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Emmy Noether Group of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.U., H.W, S.F.); First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (Y.S.); and
| | - Birgit Gaßner
- From the Institute of Physiology (H.N., H.O., B.G., M.K.) and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (H.N., S.F., M.K.), University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Emmy Noether Group of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.U., H.W, S.F.); First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (Y.S.); and
| | - Sandra Umbenhauer
- From the Institute of Physiology (H.N., H.O., B.G., M.K.) and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (H.N., S.F., M.K.), University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Emmy Noether Group of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.U., H.W, S.F.); First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (Y.S.); and
| | - Helga Wagner
- From the Institute of Physiology (H.N., H.O., B.G., M.K.) and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (H.N., S.F., M.K.), University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Emmy Noether Group of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.U., H.W, S.F.); First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (Y.S.); and
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- From the Institute of Physiology (H.N., H.O., B.G., M.K.) and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (H.N., S.F., M.K.), University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Emmy Noether Group of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.U., H.W, S.F.); First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (Y.S.); and
| | - Hideo A. Baba
- From the Institute of Physiology (H.N., H.O., B.G., M.K.) and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (H.N., S.F., M.K.), University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Emmy Noether Group of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.U., H.W, S.F.); First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (Y.S.); and
| | - Stefan Frantz
- From the Institute of Physiology (H.N., H.O., B.G., M.K.) and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (H.N., S.F., M.K.), University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Emmy Noether Group of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.U., H.W, S.F.); First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (Y.S.); and
| | - Michaela Kuhn
- From the Institute of Physiology (H.N., H.O., B.G., M.K.) and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (H.N., S.F., M.K.), University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Emmy Noether Group of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.U., H.W, S.F.); First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (Y.S.); and
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Caldwell KK, Goggin SL, Tyler CR, Allan AM. Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with altered subcellular distribution of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in the adolescent mouse hippocampal formation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 38:392-400. [PMID: 23992407 PMCID: PMC3864567 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence indicates that several of the long-term consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) are the result of changes in the development and function of cortico-limbic structures, including the hippocampal formation. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) are key regulators of hippocampal formation development, structure, and functioning and, thus, are potential mediators of PAE’s effects on this brain region. In the present studies, we assessed the impact of PAE on components of corticosteroid signaling pathways in the mouse hippocampal formation. Methods Throughout pregnancy, mouse dams were offered either 10% (w/v) ethanol sweetened with 0.066% (w/v) saccharin (SAC) or 0.066% (w/v) SAC alone using a limited (4-hour) access, drinking-in-the-dark paradigm. The hippocampal formation was isolated from naïve postnatal day 40 to 50 offspring, and subcellular fractions were prepared. Using immunoblotting techniques, we measured the levels of GR, MR, 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1), and the FK506-binding proteins 51 (FKBP51, FKBP5) and 52 (FKBP52, FKBP4). Finally, we determined the effect of PAE on context discrimination, a hippocampal-dependent learning/memory task. Results PAE was associated with reduced MR and elevated GR nuclear localization in the hippocampal formation, whereas cytosolic levels of both receptors were not significantly altered. FKBP51 levels were reduced, while FKBP52 levels were unaltered, and 11β-HSD1 levels were increased in postnuclear fractions isolated from PAE mouse hippocampal formation. These neurochemical alterations were associated with reduced context discrimination. Conclusions The data support a model in which PAE leads to increased nuclear localization of GRs secondary to reductions in FKBP51 and increases in 11β-HSD1 levels in the adolescent mouse hippocampal formation. Persistent dysregulation of GR subcellular distribution is predicted to damage the hippocampal formation and may underlie many of the effects of PAE on hippocampal-dependent functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Caldwell
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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