1
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Michiba A, Shiogama K, Tsukamoto T, Hirayama M, Yamada S, Abe M. Morphologic Analysis of M2 Macrophage in Glioblastoma: Involvement of Macrophage Extracellular Traps (METs). Acta Histochem Cytochem 2022; 55:111-118. [PMID: 36060293 PMCID: PMC9427541 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.22-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Michiba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazuya Shiogama
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Fujita Health University Medical Science
| | - Tetsuya Tsukamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masaya Hirayama
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Fujita Health University Medical Science
| | - Seiji Yamada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masato Abe
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Fujita Health University Medical Science
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2
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Poh XY, Loh FK, Friedland JS, Ong CWM. Neutrophil-Mediated Immunopathology and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Central Nervous System - Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:788976. [PMID: 35095865 PMCID: PMC8789671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.788976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading infectious killers in the world, infecting approximately a quarter of the world’s population with the causative organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) is the most severe form of TB, with high mortality and residual neurological sequelae even with effective TB treatment. In CNS-TB, recruited neutrophils infiltrate into the brain to carry out its antimicrobial functions of degranulation, phagocytosis and NETosis. However, neutrophils also mediate inflammation, tissue destruction and immunopathology in the CNS. Neutrophils release key mediators including matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) which degrade brain extracellular matrix (ECM), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α which may drive inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) that drive cellular necrosis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), interacting with platelets to form thrombi that may lead to ischemic stroke. Host-directed therapies (HDTs) targeting these key mediators are potentially exciting, but currently remain of unproven effectiveness. This article reviews the key role of neutrophils and neutrophil-derived mediators in driving CNS-TB immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ying Poh
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fei Kean Loh
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jon S Friedland
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine W M Ong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Sumitomo M, Takahara K, Zennami K, Nagakawa T, Maeda Y, Shiogama K, Yamamoto Y, Muto Y, Nukaya T, Takenaka M, Fukaya K, Ichino M, Sasaki H, Saito K, Shiroki R. Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in tumor cells is associated with resistance to immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1038-1047. [PMID: 33410234 PMCID: PMC7935775 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a key enzyme associated with immunomodulation through its regulation of the tryptophan‐kynurenine (Kyn) pathway in advanced cancers, including metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, the failure of IDO1 inhibitors when used in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as observed in clinical trials, raises a number of questions. This study aimed to investigate the association of tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase (TDO) and IDO1 with cancer development and resistance to immunotherapy in patients with RCC. In our analysis of RCC tissue samples, tissue Kyn levels were elevated in advanced‐stage RCC and correlated well with TDO expression levels in RCC tumor cells. In patients with mRCC, TDO rather than IDO1 was expressed in RCC tumor cells, showing a strong association with Kyn expression. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of TDO was strongly associated with the staining intensity of forkhead box P3, as well as ICI therapy response and survival in patients with mRCC. Our study is the first to show that TDO expression in tumor tissues is associated with progression and survival, confirming its potential as a predictive biomarker of primary resistance to immunotherapy in patients with mRCC. Our findings suggest that strategies aimed at inhibiting TDO, rather than IDO1, in combination with ICI therapy may aid in the control of mRCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sumitomo
- Fujita Cancer Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.,Department of Medical Research for Intractable Disease, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takahara
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kenji Zennami
- Fujita Cancer Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nagakawa
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Maeda
- Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Center for Joint Research Facilities Support, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shiogama
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamamoto
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Muto
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takuhisa Nukaya
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masashi Takenaka
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fukaya
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Manabu Ichino
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sasaki
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Shiroki
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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4
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Garciafigueroa Y, Phillips BE, Engman C, Trucco M, Giannoukakis N. Neutrophil-Associated Inflammatory Changes in the Pre-Diabetic Pancreas of Early-Age NOD Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:565981. [PMID: 33776903 PMCID: PMC7988208 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.565981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that neutrophils are the first major leukocyte population accumulating inside the pancreas even before the onset of a lymphocytic-driven impairment of functional beta cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). In humans, pancreata from T1D deceased donors exhibit significant neutrophil accumulation. We present a time course of previously unknown inflammatory changes that accompany neutrophil and neutrophil elastase accumulation in the pancreas of the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse strain as early as 2 weeks of age. We confirm earlier findings in NOD mice that neutrophils accumulate as early as 2 weeks of age. We also observe a concurrent increase in the expression of neutrophil elastase in this time period. We also detect components of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) mainly in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas during this time as well as markers of vascular pathology as early as 2 weeks of age. Age- and sex-matched C57BL/6 mice do not exhibit these features inside the pancreas. When we treated NOD mice with inhibitors of myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase, two key effectors of activated neutrophil activity, alone or in combination, we were unable to prevent the progression to hyperglycemia in any manner different from untreated control mice. Our data confirm and add to the body of evidence demonstrating neutrophil accumulation inside the pancreas of mice genetically susceptible to T1D and also offer novel insights into additional pathologic mechanisms involving the pancreatic vasculature that have, until now, not been discovered inside the pancreata of these mice. However, inhibition of key neutrophil enzymes expressed in activated neutrophils could not prevent diabetes. These findings add to the body of data supporting a role for neutrophils in the establishment of early pathology inside the pancreas, independently of, and earlier from the time at onset of lymphocytic infiltration. However, they also suggest that inhibition of neutrophils alone, acting via myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase only, in the absence of other other effector cells, is insufficient to alter the natural course of autoimmune diabetes, at least in the NOD model of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesica Garciafigueroa
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brett E. Phillips
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Carl Engman
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Massimo Trucco
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nick Giannoukakis
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Nick Giannoukakis,
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5
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Abu-Abed U, Brinkmann V. Immunofluorescent Detection of NET Components in Paraffin-Embedded Tissue. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2087:415-424. [PMID: 31729002 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0154-9_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) consist of decondensed chromatin fibers studded with granular and cytoplasmic proteins and peptides that are released by stimulated neutrophil granulocytes. If present in abundance (e.g., in large thrombi), NETs are depicted in H&E-stained tissue sections as pale bluish areas. Since no NET-specific antibodies exist, to unambiguously identify even small amounts of NETs in tissue, it is essential to demonstrate colocalization of nuclear and granular/cytoplasmic NET components which in unstimulated neutrophils are clearly separated. This requires good tissue preservation and a very defined immunolocalization, which can be achieved by using 2-3 μm thick sections of paraffin-embedded tissue. It provides sufficiently good tissue preservation for subcellular localization of two or more NET components, thereby allow to differentiate stimulated from unstimulated neutrophils and to clearly identify NETs. In this chapter, we will provide protocols for antigen retrieval and immunofluorescent labeling of NET components in paraffin-embedded tissue with commercially available antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Abu-Abed
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Brinkmann
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Blenman KRM, Wang J, Cowper S, Bosenberg M. Pathology of spontaneous and immunotherapy-induced tumor regression in a murine model of melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 32:448-457. [PMID: 30702217 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the spontaneous and immunotherapy-induced histological changes in the tumor microenvironment of a mouse melanoma regression model consisting of immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice implanted with syngeneic YUMMER1.7 melanoma cells. We focused on tumor regression phenotypes and spatial relationships of melanoma cells with B cells and neutrophils since this was not previously described. We found common themes to the host response to cancer irrespective of the mode of tumor regression. In nonregression tumors, melanoma cells were epithelioid shaped and tightly packed. In regression tumors, melanoma cells were spindle shaped and discohesive. B cells including plasmablasts and plasma cells were numerous and were increased with immunotherapy. Neutrophils were in direct contact with dead or dying melanoma cells. Immunotherapy increased neutrophil counts and induced neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-like formations and geographic necrosis. Beyond tumor regression, the increase in the B cell and neutrophil response could play a role in immunotherapy-induced adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim R M Blenman
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jake Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shawn Cowper
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marcus Bosenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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7
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Sivanandham R, Brocca-Cofano E, Krampe N, Falwell E, Venkatraman SMK, Ribeiro RM, Apetrei C, Pandrea I. Neutrophil extracellular trap production contributes to pathogenesis in SIV-infected nonhuman primates. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5178-5183. [PMID: 30204591 DOI: 10.1172/jci99420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases, yet their dynamics and impact on HIV/SIV infection have not yet been assessed. We hypothesized that SIV infection and the related microbial translocation trigger NET activation and release (NETosis), and we investigated the interactions between NETs and immune cell populations and platelets. We compared and contrasted the levels of NETs between SIV-uninfected, SIV-infected, and SIV-infected antiretroviral-treated nonhuman primates. We also cocultured neutrophils from these animals with either peripheral blood mononuclear cells or platelets. Increased NET production was observed throughout SIV infection. In chronically infected animals, NETs were found in the gut, lung, and liver, and in the blood vessels of kidney and heart. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) decreased NETosis, albeit above preinfection levels. NETs captured CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and monocytes, irrespective of their infection status, potentially contributing to the indiscriminate generalized immune cell loss characteristic to HIV/SIV infection, and limiting the CD4+ T cell recovery under ART. By capturing and facilitating aggregation of platelets, and through expression of increased tissue factor levels, NETs may also enhance HIV/SIV-related coagulopathy and promote cardiovascular comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Falwell
- Center for Vaccine Research.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Ruy M Ribeiro
- Laboratorio de Biomatematica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Center for Vaccine Research.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Center for Vaccine Research.,Department of Pathology, and.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Dufour A, Bellac CL, Eckhard U, Solis N, Klein T, Kappelhoff R, Fortelny N, Jobin P, Rozmus J, Mark J, Pavlidis P, Dive V, Barbour SJ, Overall CM. C-terminal truncation of IFN-γ inhibits proinflammatory macrophage responses and is deficient in autoimmune disease. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2416. [PMID: 29925830 PMCID: PMC6010466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlled macrophage differentiation and activation in the initiation and resolution of inflammation is crucial for averting progression to chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Here we show a negative feedback mechanism for proinflammatory IFN-γ activation of macrophages driven by macrophage-associated matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12). Through C-terminal truncation of IFN-γ at 135Glu↓Leu136 the IFN-γ receptor-binding site was efficiently removed thereby reducing JAK-STAT1 signaling and IFN-γ activation of proinflammatory macrophages. In acute peritonitis this signature was absent in Mmp12–/– mice and recapitulated in Mmp12+/+ mice treated with a MMP12-specific inhibitor. Similarly, loss-of-MMP12 increases IFN-γ–dependent proinflammatory markers and iNOS+/MHC class II+ macrophage accumulation with worse lymphadenopathy, arthritic synovitis and lupus glomerulonephritis. In active human systemic lupus erythematosus, MMP12 levels were lower and IFN-γ higher compared to treated patients or healthy individuals. Hence, macrophage proteolytic truncation of IFN-γ attenuates classical activation of macrophages as a prelude for resolving inflammation. IFN-γ is central in inflammatory pathogenesis, response to infection and autoimmune diseases. Here the authors show that MMP12 expression is reduced in patients with SLE and that MMP12 post-translationally truncates IFN-y, inhibiting its function and affecting pathogenesis of mouse models of peritonitis, SLE and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Dufour
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, HRIC 3C64 3330 Hospital, Dr NW Calgary, T2N 4N1, AB, Canada
| | - Caroline L Bellac
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.,Swissmedic, Swiss Agency for Therapeutics Products, Hallerstrasse 7, P.O. Box, Bern 9, CH-3000, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Eckhard
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Nestor Solis
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Theo Klein
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Reinhild Kappelhoff
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Nikolaus Fortelny
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Parker Jobin
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Jacob Rozmus
- Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute and BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 3110A-950 West 28th Av, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Mark
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Paul Pavlidis
- Centre for High Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Vincent Dive
- Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) CE-Saclay, Labex LERMIT, Service d'Ingenierie Moleculaire des Proteines, Bat 152, Gif/Yvette, 91191, France
| | - Sean J Barbour
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada. .,Centre for Blood Research, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 4.401-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.
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9
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Tsutsumi Y. Electron Microscopic Study Using Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded Material, with Special Reference to Observation of Microbial Organisms and Endocrine Granules. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2018; 51:63-71. [PMID: 29867279 PMCID: PMC5976886 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.18012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the diagnostic pathology practice, specimens for electron microscopy (EM) are not necessarily handled and fixed under the ideal condition. In the present article, the author describes ultrastructural study using formalin-fixed and/or paraffin-embedded material. The fine morphologic preservation is often acceptable, particularly when small cubes are dug out of paraffin blocks. Particulate structures such as neuroendocrine granules and microbes are consistently observed even using paraffin sections. Paraffin sections signalized with silver particles in Grimelius and Grocott stains or diaminobenzidine products in immunostaining and in situ hybridization are applicable to EM evaluation by using a pre-embedding sequence. The practical merit includes the targeted approach: highly accurate sampling from focal lesions can be achieved for EM analysis, after observing hematoxylin and eosin-stained or specific-signalized paraffin-sections. This allows us pathologists a convenient and practical way for identifying focally infected pathogens, as well as a retrospective ultrastructural analysis of rare lesions long kept as a form of paraffin blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Tsutsumi
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Haruhi Respiratory Medical Hospital
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10
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Schachern PA, Kwon G, Briles DE, Ferrieri P, Juhn S, Cureoglu S, Paparella MM, Tsuprun V. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Fibrin in Otitis Media: Analysis of Human and Chinchilla Temporal Bones. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 143:990-995. [PMID: 28796849 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2017.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Bacterial resistance in acute otitis can result in bacterial persistence and biofilm formation, triggering chronic and recurrent infections. Objective To investigate the middle ear inflammatory response to bacterial infection in human and chinchilla temporal bones. Design, Setting, and Participants Six chinchillas underwent intrabullar inoculations with 0.5 mL of 106 colony-forming units (CFUs) of Streptococcus pneumoniae, serotype 2. Two days later, we counted bacteria in middle ear effusions postmortem. One ear from each chinchilla was processed in paraffin and sectioned at 5 µm. The opposite ear was embedded in epoxy resin, sectioned at a thickness of 1 µm, and stained with toluidine blue. In addition, we examined human temporal bones from 2 deceased donors with clinical histories of otitis media (1 with acute onset otitis media, 1 with recurrent infection). Temporal bones had been previously removed at autopsy, processed, embedded in celloidin, and cut at a thickness of 20 µm. Sections of temporal bones from both chinchillas and humans were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and immunolabeled with antifibrin and antihistone H4 antibodies. Main Outcome Measures Histopatological and imminohistochemical changes owing to otitis media. Results Bacterial counts in chinchilla middle ear effusions 2 days after inoculation were approximately 2 logs above initial inoculum counts. Both human and chinchilla middle ear effusions contained bacteria embedded in a fibrous matrix. Some fibers in the matrix showed positive staining with antifibrin antibody, others with antihistone H4 antibody. Conclusions and Relevance In acute and recurrent otitis media, fibrin and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are part of the host inflammatory response to bacterial infection. In the early stages of otitis media the host defense system uses fibrin to entrap bacteria, and NETs function to eliminate bacteria. In chronic otitis media, fibrin and NETs appear to persist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geeyoun Kwon
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - David E Briles
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Patricia Ferrieri
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Steven Juhn
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | | | | | - Vladimir Tsuprun
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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11
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Tamoto Y, Ishida R, Shiogama K, Kado H, Kamezaki M, Chinen Y, Matsumoto Y, Kusaba T, Konishi E, Tsutsumi Y, Tamagaki K. Extranodal NK/T-cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type Accompanied by PR3-ANCA-associated Glomerulonephritis. Intern Med 2017; 56:2007-2012. [PMID: 28768972 PMCID: PMC5577078 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.8365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 62-year-old man exhibiting nasal obstruction and glomerulonephritis with proteinase 3-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (PR3-ANCAs) was diagnosed with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) with infiltration of neutrophils with apoptosis. Chemoradiotherapy reduced the tumor, improved the renal function, and decreased the PR3-ANCA levels. ANCA-positivity is observed in immunoinsufficient diseases, in which neutrophils lead to apoptosis and translocate intracellular granules, such as PR3, to the cell surface, triggering the production of ANCAs. In our case, the PR3-ANCA production was derived from the expression of PR3 on the cell surface of apoptotic neutrophils. This is the first report on ENKL describing the mechanism of ANCA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tamoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shiogama
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kado
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Michitsugu Kamezaki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Chinen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsumoto
- Departments of Hematology and Laboratory Medicine, Aiseikai Yamashina Hospital, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kusaba
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tamagaki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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Tsutsumi Y, Onouchi T. OB-IV-3Electron microscopic detection of pathogens and neutrophil extracellular traps. Microscopy (Oxf) 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Onouchi T, Shiogama K, Mizutani Y, Takaki T, Tsutsumi Y. Visualization of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Fibrin Meshwork in Human Fibrinopurulent Inflammatory Lesions: III. Correlative Light and Electron Microscopic Study. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2016; 49:141-147. [PMID: 27917008 PMCID: PMC5130345 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released from dead neutrophils at the site of inflammation represent webs of neutrophilic DNA stretches dotted with granule-derived antimicrobial proteins, including lactoferrin, and play important roles in innate immunity against microbial infection. We have shown the coexistence of NETs and fibrin meshwork in varied fibrinopurulent inflammatory lesions at both light and electron microscopic levels. In the present study, correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) employing confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was performed to bridge light and electron microscopic images of NETs and fibrin fibrils in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, autopsied lung sections of legionnaire’s pneumonia. Lactoferrin immunoreactivity and 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) reactivity were used as markers of NETs, and fibrin was probed by fibrinogen gamma chain. Of note is that NETs light microscopically represented as lactoferrin and DAPI-colocalized dots, 2.5 μm in diameter. CLEM gave super-resolution images of NETs and fibrin fibrils: “Dotted” NETs were ultrastructurally composed of fine filaments and masses of 58 nm-sized globular materials. A fibrin fibril consisted of clusters of smooth-surfaced filaments. NETs filaments (26 nm in diameter) were significantly thinner than fibrin filaments (295 nm in diameter). Of note is that CLEM was applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of autopsy material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Onouchi
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuya Shiogama
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | | | - Takashi Takaki
- Techinical Support Center, JEOL Ltd
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yutaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
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Onouchi T, Shiogama K, Matsui T, Mizutani Y, Sakurai K, Inada KI, Tsutsumi Y. Visualization of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Fibrin Meshwork in Human Fibrinopurulent Inflammatory Lesions: II. Ultrastructural Study. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2016; 49:117-23. [PMID: 27682015 PMCID: PMC5011236 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.16016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent an extracellular, spider’s web-like structure resulting from cell death of neutrophils. NETs play an important role in innate immunity against microbial infection, but their roles in human pathological processes remain largely unknown. NETs and fibrin meshwork both showing fibrillar structures are observed at the site of fibrinopurulent inflammation, as described in our sister paper [Acta Histochem. Cytochem. 49; 109–116, 2016]. In the present study, immunoelectron microscopic study was performed for visualizing NETs and fibrin fibrils (thick fibrils in our tongue) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of autopsied lung tissue of legionnaire’s pneumonia. Lactoferrin and fibrinogen gamma chain were utilized as markers of NETs and fibrin, respectively. Analysis of immuno-scanning electron microscopy indicated that NETs constructed thin fibrils and granular materials were attached onto the NETs fibrils. The smooth-surfaced fibrin fibrils were much thicker than the NETs fibrils. Pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that lactoferrin immunoreactivities were visible as dots on the fibrils, whereas fibrinogen gamma chain immunoreactivities were homogeneously observed throughout the fibrils. Usefulness of immunoelectron microscopic analysis of NETs and fibrin fibrils should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Onouchi
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuya Shiogama
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Kouhei Sakurai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Banbuntane-Houtokukai Hospital, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Ken-ichi Inada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Banbuntane-Houtokukai Hospital, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Yutaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
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