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Dwumfour CK, Bam VB, Owusu LB, Poku CA, Kpabitey RD, Aboagye P, Ibrahim AS. Prevalence and determinants of malaria infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Ejisu government hospital in Ghana: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293420. [PMID: 37903177 PMCID: PMC10615274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malaria in pregnancy is a global public health problem with the majority of its impact seen in sub-Saharan Africa. Pregnant women with malaria infection are at risk of adverse maternal outcomes. In Ghana, malaria in pregnancy accounts for about 17.6% of outpatient department attendance. Ashanti region is among the three regions with the highest malaria prevalence in pregnancy, particularly in the Ejisu Municipality. The study, therefore, assessed the prevalence and determinants of malaria infection among pregnant women seeking antenatal care at the Ejisu Government Hospital in Ghana. METHODS A cross-sectional study design with a convenience sampling technique was used to select 140 respondents for the study. Primary data such as age and residence of respondents were collected using a questionnaire and secondary data such as gestational age and Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine (SP) administration were collected from clients' maternal health record booklet. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between the malaria infection and the independent variables, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The overall prevalence of malaria in pregnancy was 24 (17.1%). Most of the respondents had received counselling and health education 126 (90%), two or more doses of SP 95 (87.2%), Insecticide Treated Net (ITN) 99 (70.7%) and were sleeping under ITN 104 (74.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant association between malaria infection and sleeping under ITN (AOR = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.01-0.28, p< .001), the use of insecticide mosquito spray (AOR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.09-0.84, p = .045) and reason for not using ITN due to the use of other preventive measures (AOR = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.01-0.61, p = .017). CONCLUSION There was a high prevalence of malaria infection among study respondents despite the high usage of preventive measures for malaria in this study. It is therefore crucial that stakeholders in malaria control identify effective strategies to curb malaria transmission globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kroamah Dwumfour
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi Ghana
| | - Victoria Bubunyo Bam
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi Ghana
| | - Lydia Boampong Owusu
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi Ghana
| | - Collins Atta Poku
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi Ghana
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Lekpor CE, Botchway F, Kusi KA, Adjei AA, Wilson MD, Stiles JK, Wilson NO. Angiogenic and angiostatic factors present in the saliva of malaria patients. Malar J 2022; 21:220. [PMID: 35836234 PMCID: PMC9284857 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria related mortality is associated with significant deregulation of host inflammatory factors such as interferon-inducible protein 10, a member of the CXC or α-subfamily (CXCL10), and host angiogenic factors such as angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2). However, detection of these factors in malaria patients requires the drawing of blood, which is invasive and increases the risk of accidental blood-borne infections. There has been an increased interest in the use of saliva as the body fluid of choice for the diagnosis of many infectious diseases including malaria. Here, saliva levels of CXCL10, Ang-1, and Ang-2 previously shown to be predictive of severe malaria in malaria patients in Ghana were assessed in malaria patients. Methods This study was conducted in the Shai-Osudoku District Hospital in Dodowa, Accra, Ghana and the study population comprised 119 malaria patients and 94 non-malaria subjects. The non-malaria subjects are healthy community participants with no malaria infection. Plasma and saliva levels of CXCL10, Ang-1 and Ang-2 of the study participants were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Complete blood counts of each participant were measured with a haematology autoanalyzer. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the correlation between plasma and saliva levels of each biomarker in malaria patients. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Box plots of median biomarker concentrations were plotted. SPSS version 14.2 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The non-malaria subjects had a median age of 29 years compared to 23 years for malaria patients (p = 0.001). Among the malaria patients, there was a strong significant relationship between CXCL10 (R2 = 0.7, p < 0.0001) and Ang-1 (R2 = 0.7, p < 0.0001). Malaria patients had lower saliva levels of Ang-1 (p = 0.009) and higher saliva levels of CXCL10 (p = 0.004) and Ang-2 (p = 0.001) compared to non-malaria subjects. Conclusions This study provides the first evidence of elevated levels of CXCL10 and Ang-2 in the saliva of malaria patients. Detection of CXCL10, Ang-1 and Ang-2 in saliva may have a potential application for non-invasive malaria diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Elorm Lekpor
- Department of Pathology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Felix Botchway
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo Asamoah Kusi
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew A Adjei
- Department of Pathology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jonathan K Stiles
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nana O Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Elkhalifa AME, Abdul-Ghani R, Tamomh AG, Eltaher NE, Ali NY, Ali MM, Bazie EA, KhirAlla A, DfaAlla FA, Alhasan OAM. Hematological indices and abnormalities among patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Kosti city of the White Nile state, Sudan: a comparative study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:507. [PMID: 34059017 PMCID: PMC8166086 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematological abnormalities are common features in falciparum malaria but vary among different populations across countries. Therefore, we compared hematological indices and abnormalities between Plasmodium falciparum-infected patients and malaria-negative subjects in Kosti city of the White Nile State, Sudan. METHODS A comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Clinical Laboratory Unit of Kosti Teaching Hospital from June to December 2018. A total of 392 participants (192 P. falciparum-infected patients and 200 malaria-negative subjects) were recruited in the study. Hematological indices of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets were measured, and their median values were statistically compared. RESULTS The majority of P. falciparum-infected patients (67.6%) showed a low-level parasitemia. The median values of Hb concentration, RBC count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH) and mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC) were significantly lower in P. falciparum-infected patients, while the median red cell distribution width (RDW) was significantly higher in the patients compared to malaria-negative subjects. Anemia, low MCV, low MCH, low MCHC and high RDW were significantly associated with falciparum malaria, but parasitemia level was not significantly associated with anemia severity. The median total WBC count was non-significantly higher in P. falciparum-infected patients, with neutropenia being significantly associated with falciparum malaria. The median platelet count was significantly lower in P. falciparum-infected patients, with thrombocytopenia being significantly associated with falciparum malaria. CONCLUSIONS Falciparum malaria among patients in Kosti city of the White Nile State, Sudan is predominantly of low-level parasitemia. It is significantly associated with anemia, low MCV, low MCH, low MCHC, high RDW, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. However, parasitemia level is not a significant predictor of anemia severity. On the other hand, leucopenia is not useful to predict falciparum malaria. Further large-scale studies in community and healthcare settings and inclusion of patients with complicated or severe malaria and those with high parasite densities are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M E Elkhalifa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, Sudan
| | - Rashad Abdul-Ghani
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen. .,Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University, of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen.
| | - Abdelhakam G Tamomh
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, Sudan
| | - Nur Eldin Eltaher
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, Sudan
| | - Nada Y Ali
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, Sudan
| | - Moataz M Ali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, Sudan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsharif A Bazie
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, Sudan
| | - Aboagla KhirAlla
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, Sudan
| | - Fatin A DfaAlla
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, Sudan
| | - Omnia A M Alhasan
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, Sudan
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Okeke C, Ifeanyichukwu M, Okeke C, Ibekailo S, Ogamde S. Impact of malaria co-infection on leukocyte indices of tuberculosis-infected participants at pretreatment, intensive, and continuation phase anti-tuberculosis therapy. IRAQI JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ijh.ijh_58_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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