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Shimizu K, Aoki K. Development of Parasitic Organs of a Stem Holoparasitic Plant in Genus Cuscuta. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1435. [PMID: 31781146 PMCID: PMC6861301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants infect a broad range of plant species including economically important crops. They survive by absorbing water, minerals, and photosynthates from their hosts. To support their way of life, parasitic plants generally establish parasitic organs that allow them to attach to their hosts and to efficiently absorb substances from the vascular system of the host. Here, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying the formation of these parasitic organs, focusing on the process depicted in the stem holoparasitic genus, Cuscuta. An attachment structure called "holdfast" on the stem surface is induced by the light and contact stimuli. Concomitantly with holdfast formation, development of an intrusive structure called haustorium initiates in the inner cortex of the Cuscuta stem, and it elongates through apoplastic space of the host tissue. When haustoria reaches to host vascular tissues, they begin to form vascular conductive elements to connect vascular tissue of Cuscuta stem to those of host. Recent studies have shown parasite-host interaction in the interfacial cell wall, and regulation of development of these parasitic structures in molecular level. We also briefly summarize the role of host receptor in the control of compatibility between Cuscuta and hosts, on which occurrence of attachment structure depends, and the role of plant-to-plant transfer of long-distance signals after the establishment of conductive structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koh Aoki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
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Nakamura H, Hirabayashi K, Miyakawa T, Kikuzato K, Hu W, Xu Y, Jiang K, Takahashi I, Niiyama R, Dohmae N, Tanokura M, Asami T. Triazole Ureas Covalently Bind to Strigolactone Receptor and Antagonize Strigolactone Responses. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:44-58. [PMID: 30391752 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones, a class of plant hormones with multiple functions, mediate plant-plant and plant-microorganism communications in the rhizosphere. In this study, we developed potent strigolactone antagonists, which covalently bind to the strigolactone receptor D14, by preparing an array of triazole urea compounds. Using yeast two-hybrid and rice-tillering assays, we identified a triazole urea compound KK094 as a potent inhibitor of strigolactone receptors. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis and X-ray crystallography revealed that KK094 was hydrolyzed by D14, and that a reaction product of this degradation covalently binds to the Ser residue of the catalytic triad of D14. Furthermore, we identified two triazole urea compounds KK052 and KK073, whose effects on D14-D53/D14-SLR1 complex formation were opposite due to the absence (KK052) or presence (KK073) of a trifluoromethyl group on their phenyl ring. These results demonstrate that triazole urea compounds are potentially powerful tools for agricultural application and may be useful for the elucidation of the complicated mechanism underlying strigolactone perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemitsu Nakamura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kei Hirabayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ko Kikuzato
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Wenqian Hu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuqun Xu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kai Jiang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ikuo Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ruri Niiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Structural plasticity of D3-D14 ubiquitin ligase in strigolactone signalling. Nature 2018; 563:652-656. [PMID: 30464344 PMCID: PMC6265067 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The plant hormone strigolactones (SLs) regulate many aspects of plant physiology. In shoot branching inhibition, the SL-metabolizing α/β hydrolase D14 interacts with the F-box protein D3 to ubiquitinate and degrade the transcription repressor D53. Despite multiple modes of D14-SL interactions determined recently, how the hydrolase functions with D3 to mediate hormone-dependent D53 ubiquitination remains elusive. Here we show that D3 features a C-terminal α-helix (CTH), which can switch between two conformational states. Distinct from its engaged form, which facilitate the binding of D3 and D14 with a hydrolyzed SL intermediate, the dislodged D3 CTH can recognize unmodified D14 in an open conformation and inhibits its enzymatic activity. In an SL-dependent manner, the D3 CTH enables D14 to recruit D53, which in turn activates the hydrolase. By unraveling an unexpected structural plasticity in SCFD3-D14 ubiquitin ligase, our results suggest an intricate mechanism by which the E3 coordinates SL signaling and metabolism.
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Shabek N, Ticchiarelli F, Mao H, Hinds TR, Leyser O, Zheng N. Structural plasticity of D3-D14 ubiquitin ligase in strigolactone signalling. Nature 2018. [PMID: 30464344 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0743-745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The strigolactones, a class of plant hormones, regulate many aspects of plant physiology. In the inhibition of shoot branching, the α/β hydrolase D14-which metabolizes strigolactone-interacts with the F-box protein D3 to ubiquitinate and degrade the transcription repressor D53. Despite the fact that multiple modes of interaction between D14 and strigolactone have recently been determined, how the hydrolase functions with D3 to mediate hormone-dependent D53 ubiquitination remains unknown. Here we show that D3 has a C-terminal α-helix that can switch between two conformational states. The engaged form of this α-helix facilitates the binding of D3 and D14 with a hydrolysed strigolactone intermediate, whereas the dislodged form can recognize unmodified D14 in an open conformation and inhibits its enzymatic activity. The D3 C-terminal α-helix enables D14 to recruit D53 in a strigolactone-dependent manner, which in turn activates the hydrolase. By revealing the structural plasticity of the SCFD3-D14 ubiquitin ligase, our results suggest a mechanism by which the E3 coordinates strigolactone signalling and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Haibin Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas R Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ottoline Leyser
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ning Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Takeuchi J, Jiang K, Hirabayashi K, Imamura Y, Wu Y, Xu Y, Miyakawa T, Nakamura H, Tanokura M, Asami T. Rationally Designed Strigolactone Analogs as Antagonists of the D14 Receptor. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1545-1554. [PMID: 29727000 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that inhibit shoot branching and act as signals in communications with symbiotic fungi and parasitic weeds in the rhizosphere. SL signaling is mediated by DWARF14 (D14), which is an α/β-hydrolase that cleaves SLs into an ABC tricyclic lactone and a butenolide group (i.e. D-ring). This cleavage reaction (hydrolysis and dissociation) is important for inducing the interaction between D14 and its target proteins, including D3 and D53. In this study, a hydrolysis-resistant SL analog was predicted to inhibit the activation of the D14 receptor, thereby disrupting the SL signaling pathway. To test this prediction, carba-SL compounds, in which the ether oxygen of the D-ring or the phenol ether oxygen of the SL agonist (GR24 or 4-bromo debranone) was replaced with a methylene group, were synthesized as novel D14 antagonists. Subsequent biochemical and physiological studies indicated that carba-SLs blocked the interaction between D14 and D53 by inhibiting D14 hydrolytic activity. They also suppressed the SL-induced inhibition of rice tiller outgrowths. Additionally, carba-SLs antagonized the SL response in a Striga parasitic weed species. Structural analyses revealed that the D-ring of 7'-carba-4BD was hydrolyzed by D14 but did not dissociate from the 4BD skeleton. Thus, 7'-carba-4BD functioned as an antagonist rather than an agonist. Thus, the hydrolysis of the D-ring of SLs may be insufficient for activating the receptor. This study provides data relevant to designing SL receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takeuchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Hirabayashi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Imamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yashan Wu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuqun Xu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Cardinale F, Korwin Krukowski P, Schubert A, Visentin I. Strigolactones: mediators of osmotic stress responses with a potential for agrochemical manipulation of crop resilience. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2291-2303. [PMID: 29346683 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
After quickly touching upon general aspects of strigolactone biology and functions, including structure, synthesis, and perception, this review focuses on the role and regulation of the strigolactone pathway during osmotic stress, in light of the most recent research developments. We discuss available data on organ-specific dynamics of strigolactone synthesis and interaction with abscisic acid in the acclimatization response, with emphasis on the ecophysiological implications of the effects on the stomatal closure process. We highlight the importance of considering roots and shoots separately as well as combined versus individual stress treatments; and of performing reciprocal grafting experiments to work out organ contributions and long-distance signalling events and components under more realistic conditions. Finally, we elaborate on the question of if and how synthetic or natural strigolactones, alone or in combination with crop management strategies such as grafting, hold potential to maximize crop resilience to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cardinale
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science (DISAFA), Plant Stress Laboratory, Turin University, Largo Paolo Braccini, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Paolo Korwin Krukowski
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science (DISAFA), Plant Stress Laboratory, Turin University, Largo Paolo Braccini, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Andrea Schubert
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science (DISAFA), Plant Stress Laboratory, Turin University, Largo Paolo Braccini, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Ivan Visentin
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science (DISAFA), Plant Stress Laboratory, Turin University, Largo Paolo Braccini, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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Hamiaux C, Drummond RSM, Luo Z, Lee HW, Sharma P, Janssen BJ, Perry NB, Denny WA, Snowden KC. Inhibition of strigolactone receptors by N-phenylanthranilic acid derivatives: Structural and functional insights. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29523686 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The strigolactone (SL) family of plant hormones regulates a broad range of physiological processes affecting plant growth and development and also plays essential roles in controlling interactions with parasitic weeds and symbiotic fungi. Recent progress elucidating details of SL biosynthesis, signaling, and transport offers many opportunities for discovering new plant-growth regulators via chemical interference. Here, using high-throughput screening and downstream biochemical assays, we identified N-phenylanthranilic acid derivatives as potent inhibitors of the SL receptors from petunia (DAD2), rice (OsD14), and Arabidopsis (AtD14). Crystal structures of DAD2 and OsD14 in complex with inhibitors further provided detailed insights into the inhibition mechanism, and in silico modeling of 19 other plant strigolactone receptors suggested that these compounds are active across a large range of plant species. Altogether, these results provide chemical tools for investigating SL signaling and further define a framework for structure-based approaches to design and validate optimized inhibitors of SL receptors for specific plant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Hamiaux
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand,
| | - Revel S M Drummond
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Hui Wen Lee
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,the School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Prachi Sharma
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,the School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Bart J Janssen
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nigel B Perry
- the Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand, and
| | - William A Denny
- the Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley C Snowden
- From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand,
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