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Setiwalidi K, Fu J, Hei H, Nuer S, Zhang F, Chen S, Liu Y, Chen F, Li S, Wang C, Wu Y, Gong Y, Hu M, Huang R, Liu J, Zhang T, Ning Y, Zhao H, Guo X, Wang X. Differential expression of cyclins CCNB1 and CCNG1 is involved in the chondrocyte damage of kashin-beck disease. Front Genet 2022; 13:1053685. [PMID: 36588792 PMCID: PMC9794764 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1053685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was clarify the relationship between the differential expression of cyclins CCNB1 and CCNG1 and chondrocyte damage in Kashin-Beck disease. Systematic review and high-throughput sequencing of chondrocytes derived from Kashin-Beck disease patients were combined to identify the differentially expressed cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase genes. In parallel, weaned SD rats were treated with low selenium for 4 weeks and then T-2 toxin for 4 weeks. Knee cartilage was collected to harvest chondrocytes for gene expression profiling. Finally, the protein expression levels of CCNB1 and CCNG1 were verified in knee cartilage tissue of Kashin-Beck disease patients and normal controls by immunohistochemical staining. The systematic review found 52 cartilage disease-related cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase genes, 23 of which were coexpressed in Kashin-Beck disease, including 15 upregulated and 8 downregulated genes. Under the intervention of a low selenium diet and T-2 toxin exposure, CCNB1 (FC = 0.36) and CCNG1 (FC = 0.73) showed a downward expression trend in rat articular cartilage. Furthermore, compared to normal controls, CCNB1 protein in Kashin-Beck disease articular cartilage was 71.98% and 66.27% downregulated in the superficial and middle zones, respectively, and 12.06% upregulated in the deep zone. CCNG1 protein was 45.66% downregulated in the superficial zone and 12.19% and 9.13% upregulated in the middle and deep zones, respectively. The differential expression of cyclins CCNB1 and CCNG1 may be related to articular cartilage damage in Kashin-Beck disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidiriye Setiwalidi
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Jialei Fu
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - He Hei
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Shaniya Nuer
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Feiyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Sijie Chen
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Feihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Shujin Li
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Chaowei Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Minhan Hu
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Ruitian Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianxiao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yujie Ning
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Yujie Ning, ; Hongmou Zhao,
| | - Hongmou Zhao
- Foot and Ankle Surgery Department, Honghui Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Yujie Ning, ; Hongmou Zhao,
| | - Xiong Guo
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an, China,Clinical Research Center for Endemic Disease of Shaanxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
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Suntharalingham JP, Ishida M, Del Valle I, Stalman SE, Solanky N, Wakeling E, Moore GE, Achermann JC, Buonocore F. Emerging phenotypes linked to variants in SAMD9 and MIRAGE syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:953707. [PMID: 36060959 PMCID: PMC9433874 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.953707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterozygous de novo variants in SAMD9 cause MIRAGE syndrome, a complex multisystem disorder involving Myelodysplasia, Infection, Restriction of growth, Adrenal hypoplasia, Genital phenotypes, and Enteropathy. The range of additional clinical associations is expanding and includes disrupted placental development, poor post-natal growth and endocrine features. Increasingly, milder phenotypic features such as hypospadias in small for gestational age (SGA) boys and normal adrenal function are reported. Some children present with isolated myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS/monosomy 7) without MIRAGE features. Objective We aimed to investigate: 1) the range of reported SAMD9 variants, clinical features, and possible genotype-phenotype correlations; 2) whether SAMD9 disruption affects placental function and leads to pregnancy loss/recurrent miscarriage (RM); 3) and if pathogenic variants are associated with isolated fetal growth restriction (FGR). Methods Published data were analyzed, particularly reviewing position/type of variant, pregnancy, growth data, and associated endocrine features. Genetic analysis of SAMD9 was performed in products of conception (POC, n=26), RM couples, (couples n=48; individuals n=96), children with FGR (n=44), SGA (n=20), and clinical Silver-Russell Syndrome (SRS, n=8), (total n=194). Results To date, SAMD9 variants are reported in 116 individuals [MDS/monosomy 7, 64 (55.2%); MIRAGE, 52 (44.8%)]. Children with MIRAGE features are increasingly reported without an adrenal phenotype (11/52, 21.2%). Infants without adrenal dysfunction were heavier at birth (median 1515 g versus 1020 g; P < 0.05) and born later (median 34.5 weeks versus 31.0; P < 0.05) compared to those with adrenal insufficiency. In MIRAGE patients, hypospadias is a common feature. Additional endocrinopathies include hypothyroidism, hypo- and hyper-glycemia, short stature and panhypopituitarism. Despite this increasing range of phenotypes, genetic analysis did not reveal any likely pathogenic variants/enrichment of specific variants in SAMD9 in the pregnancy loss/growth restriction cohorts studied. Conclusion MIRAGE syndrome is more phenotypically diverse than originally reported and includes growth restriction and multisystem features, but without adrenal insufficiency. Endocrinopathies might be overlooked or develop gradually, and may be underreported. As clinical features including FGR, severe infections, anemia and lung problems can be non-specific and are often seen in neonatal medicine, SAMD9-associated conditions may be underdiagnosed. Reaching a specific diagnosis of MIRAGE syndrome is critical for personalized management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer P. Suntharalingham
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miho Ishida
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio Del Valle
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne E. Stalman
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nita Solanky
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Wakeling
- North East Thames Regional Genetic Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gudrun E. Moore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Buonocore F, McGlacken-Byrne SM, del Valle I, Achermann JC. Current Insights Into Adrenal Insufficiency in the Newborn and Young Infant. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:619041. [PMID: 33381483 PMCID: PMC7767829 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.619041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a potentially life-threatening condition that can be difficult to diagnose, especially if it is not considered as a potential cause of a child's clinical presentation or unexpected deterioration. Children who present with AI in early life can have signs of glucocorticoid deficiency (hyperpigmentation, hypoglycemia, prolonged jaundice, poor weight gain), mineralocorticoid deficiency (hypotension, salt loss, collapse), adrenal androgen excess (atypical genitalia), or associated features linked to a specific underlying condition. Here, we provide an overview of causes of childhood AI, with a focus on genetic conditions that present in the first few months of life. Reaching a specific diagnosis can have lifelong implications for focusing management in an individual, and for counseling the family about inheritance and the risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John C. Achermann
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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Binder G, Ziegler J, Schweizer R, Habhab W, Haack TB, Heinrich T, Eggermann T. Novel mutation points to a hot spot in CDKN1C causing Silver-Russell syndrome. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:152. [PMID: 33076988 PMCID: PMC7574352 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic CDKN1C gain-of-function variants on the maternal allele were initially reported as a cause of IMAGe syndrome characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, metaphyseal dysplasia, primary adrenal insufficiency and genital anomalies. Recently, a maternally inherited CDKN1C missense mutation (p.Arg279Leu) was identified in several members of a single family clinically diagnosed with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) but without adrenal insufficiency. Thereafter, two half siblings from UK with familial SRS were described who carried the same mutation. This specific amino acid change is located within a narrow functional region containing the mutations previously associated with IMAGe syndrome. RESULTS Here, we describe a third familial case with maternally inherited SRS due to a missense variant affecting the same amino acid position 279 but leading to a different amino acid substitution (p. (Arg279Ser)). The two affected family members (mother and son) presented with the complete SRS phenotype (both Netchine-Harbison CSS score 5 of 6) but without body asymmetry or adrenal insufficiency. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with loss-of-function genomic IGF2 mutations, CDKN1C gain-of-function mutations are a less frequent cause of SRS and seem to affect a cluster of few amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Binder
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Julian Ziegler
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland Schweizer
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wisam Habhab
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilman Heinrich
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Familial Russell-Silver Syndrome like Phenotype in the PCNA Domain of the CDKN1C Gene, a Further Case. Case Rep Genet 2019; 2019:1398250. [PMID: 31976094 PMCID: PMC6959155 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1398250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We present two half siblings with significant short stature who proved a diagnostic challenge for several years. Radiological findings included subtle epiphyseal changes. The diagnosis was made through whole genome sequencing via the 100,000 genome project. A maternally inherited pathogenic heterozygous CDKN1C variant was found in the PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) domain. Mutations of the PCNA domain of the CDKN1C gene are known to be associated with IMAGe syndrome thus with adrenal disease, although neither affected patient in our case had evidence of adrenal dysfunction. This report supports the previously reported findings of Russell-Silver syndrome (RSS) like phenotype caused by this unusual mechanism (CDKN1C mutations in the PCNA domain), highlights subtle radiological features not described previously and the phenotypic variability between two affected siblings. Additionally it reminds clinicians of the importance of considering associated adrenal disease/diabetes mellitus for variants within the PCNA domain. Finally it confirms RSS-like disorders should be considered in patients who have epiphyseal or metaphyseal changes and short stature, since CDKN1C PCNA domain mutations can result in this phenotype.
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