Identification and phylogenetic analysis of oral Veillonella species isolated from the saliva of Japanese children

Veillonella nakazawae sp. nov., an anaerobic Gram-negative coccus isolated from the oral cavity of Japanese children

Two strains of previously unknown Gram-negative cocci, T1-7^T and S6-16, were isolated from the oral cavity of healthy Japanese children. The two strains showed atypical phenotypic characteristics of members of the genus Veillonella, including catalase production. Sequencing of their 16S rRNA genes confirmed that they belong to genus Veillonella. Under anaerobic conditions, the two strains produced acetic acid and propionic acid as metabolic end-products in a trypticase-yeast extract-haemin medium containing 1 % (w/v) glucose, 1 % (w/v) fructose and 1 % (v/v) sodium lactate. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA, dnaK, rpoB and gltA gene sequences revealed that the two strains are phylogenetically homogeneous and comprise a distinct, novel lineage within the genus Veillonella. The sequences from the two strains shared the highest similarity, at 99.9, 95.8, 96.9 and 96.7 %, using the partial 16S rRNA, dnaK, rpoB and gltA gene sequences, respectively, with the type strains of the two most closely related species, Veillonella dispar ATCC 17748^T and Veillonella infantium JCM 31738^T. Furthermore, strain T1-7^T shared the highest average nucleotide identity (ANI) value (94.06 %) with type strain of the most closely related species, V. infantium. At the same time, strain T1-7^T showed the highest digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value (55.5 %) with the type strain of V. infantium. The two strains reported in this study were distinguished from the previously reported species from the genus Veillonella based on catalase production, partial dnaK, rpoB and gltA sequences, average ANI and dDDH values. Based on these observations, the two strains represent a novel species, for which the name Veillonella nakazawae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T1-7^T (JCM 33966^T=CCUG 74597^T).