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Foster-Hartnett D, Mwakalundwa G, Henry G, Bofenkamp L, Dvorak CMT, Lalande A, Johnson TJ. FUTIs: an In-Person or Online Graphing, Bioinformatics, and Scientific Literacy Exercise That Explores the Presence of Antibiotic Resistance in Foodborne Urinary Tract Infections. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOLOGY EDUCATION 2023; 24:e00045-23. [PMID: 37614900 PMCID: PMC10443311 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00045-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
We developed a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) that gives students an opportunity to practice the process of science in a context that intersects with their everyday lives: purchasing grocery store chicken. Student mastery of concepts was assessed by pre- and postassessment questions and lab report worksheets that guided them through the process of writing a scientific paper. Learning to produce graphs from large data sets and comparing the results with published data emphasized quantitative reasoning, while working as a group and writing helped students practice scientific communication. Most students (>90%) met the learning objectives, and students in both groups reported feeling more confident producing graphs and figures; they also showed large gains in confidence and interest in bioinformatics. Lab protocols require biosafety level 2 safety guidelines; however, students in an online or dry lab setting can use the compiled data sets and whole-genome sequences to complete the objectives. Group discussions and essay prompts at the end encourage students to use evidence-based arguments to make decisions that impact the global issue of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Greta Henry
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Lalande
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Rothrock MJ, Guard JY, Oladeinde A. Salmonella Diversity Along the Farm-to-Fork Continuum of Pastured Poultry Flocks in the Southeastern United States. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.761930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater consumer demand for all natural, antibiotic-free poultry products has led to an increase in pastured poultry operations. Given the increased level of environmental interaction, and the potential increase in exposure to foodborne pathogens, a greater understanding of the prevalence and diversity of Salmonella populations inherent within pastured poultry flocks. To achieve this, 42 pastured poultry flocks from 11 farms were sampled using a farm-to-fork strategy and Salmonella was isolated and characterized through pre-harvest (feces, soil) to post-harvest (ceca, whole carcass rinse) to the final product (whole carcass rinse) the consumer would purchase. Salmonella was isolated from 353 of a total of 2,305 samples, representing an overall prevalence of 18.1%. By far the most prevalent serotype was Kentucky (72.7% of all isolates), with <16% of all Salmonella representing a top serotype of concern for human health according to the CDC. Even though these flocks were raised antibiotic-free, Salmonella isolates exhibited resistances to a variety of antibiotics, with the two most common resistances being toward tetracycline and streptomycin (68.8 and 64.4% of all isolates, respectively); however, almost 98% of the multidrug resistant isolates were serotype Kentucky. Salmonella prevalence and diversity (both in terms of serotypes and antibiotic resistance profiles) were related more to the farm location than to the type of sample from which the Salmonella was isolated from along the farm-to-fork continuum. Based on these data, while Salmonella prevalence was similar to that from conventional poultry operations, serotypes of lesser concern to human health (Kentucky, Indiana) tended to fill the ecological niche for Salmonella species throughout the farm-to-fork continuum in these pastured poultry flocks. The diversity of these Salmonella populations tended to be farm specific, indicating the need for more tailored intervention strategies to continue to enhance the safety of these products.
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Musa L, Proietti PC, Marenzoni ML, Stefanetti V, Kika TS, Blasi F, Magistrali CF, Toppi V, Ranucci D, Branciari R, Franciosini MP. Susceptibility of Commensal E. coli Isolated from Conventional, Antibiotic-Free, and Organic Meat Chickens on Farms and at Slaughter toward Antimicrobials with Public Health Relevance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1321. [PMID: 34827259 PMCID: PMC8614865 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of resistant bacteria from livestock to the food industry promoted an increase of alternative poultry production systems, such as organic and antibiotic-free ones, based on the lack of antimicrobial use, except in cases in which welfare is compromised. We aimed to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from organic, antibiotic-free, and conventional broiler farms and slaughterhouses toward several antimicrobials critically important for human health. To assess antimicrobial susceptibility, all E. coli isolates and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli were analysed by the microdilution method. The prevalence of tigecycline, azithromycin and gentamicin E. coli-resistant strains was highest in organic samplings. Conversely, the lowest prevalence of resistant E. coli strains was observed for cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin in organic systems, representing a significant protective factor compared to conventional systems. All E. coli strains were colistin-susceptible. Contamination of the external environment by drug-resistant bacteria could play a role in the presence of resistant strains detected in organic systems. Of interest is the highest prevalence of cephalosporin resistance of E. coli in conventional samplings, since they are not permitted in poultry. Our results suggest that monitoring of antibiotic resistance of the production chain may be helpful to detect "risks" inherent to different rearing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Musa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (M.L.M.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (D.R.); (R.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Patrizia Casagrande Proietti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (M.L.M.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (D.R.); (R.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Maria Luisa Marenzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (M.L.M.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (D.R.); (R.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Valentina Stefanetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (M.L.M.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (D.R.); (R.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Tana Shtylla Kika
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Koder Kamez, 1029 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Francesca Blasi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche ‘Togo Rosati’, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (F.B.); (C.F.M.)
| | - Chiara Francesca Magistrali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche ‘Togo Rosati’, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (F.B.); (C.F.M.)
| | - Valeria Toppi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (M.L.M.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (D.R.); (R.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - David Ranucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (M.L.M.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (D.R.); (R.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Raffaella Branciari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (M.L.M.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (D.R.); (R.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Maria Pia Franciosini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (M.L.M.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (D.R.); (R.B.); (M.P.F.)
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Shen Y, Hamm JA, Gao F, Ryser ET, Zhang W. Assessing Consumer Buy and Pay Preferences for Labeled Food Products with Statistical and Machine Learning Methods. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1560-1566. [PMID: 33984134 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Food labeling is one approach to encourage safe, healthy, and sustainable dietary practices. Consumer buy and pay preferences for specially labeled food products (e.g., U.S. Department of Agriculture organic, raised without antibiotics, and locally raised) may promote the adoption of associated production practices by food producers. Thus, it is important to understand how consumer buy and pay preferences for specially labeled products vary with their demographics, food-relevant habits, and foodborne disease perceptions. Using both conventional statistical and novel machine learning models, this study analyzed Michigan State University Environmental Science and Policy Program annual survey data (2019) to characterize consumer buy and pay preferences regarding eight labels related to food production practices. Older consumer age was significantly associated with lower consumer willingness to pay more for labeled products. Participants who prefer to shop in nonconventional grocery stores were more willing to buy and pay more for labeled products. Our machine learning models provide a new approach for analyzing food safety and labeling survey data and produced adequate average prediction accuracy scores for all eight labels. The label "raised without antibiotics" had the highest average prediction accuracy for consumer willingness to buy. Thus, the machine learning models may be used to analyze food survey data and help develop strategies for promoting healthy food production practices. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Shen
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.,Environmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Joseph A Hamm
- Environmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.,School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.,Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Elliot T Ryser
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.,Environmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Microbiological Safety of Food of Animal Origin from Organic Farms. J Vet Res 2021; 65:87-92. [PMID: 33817400 PMCID: PMC8009579 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic food sector and consumer interest in organic products are growing continuously. The safety and quality of such products must be at least equal to those of conventional equivalents, but attaining the same standards requires overcoming a particular problem identified in organic food production systems: the occurrence of bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and pathogenic Escherichia coli. These food-borne microorganisms were detected in the production environments of such food. The prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in organic livestock and products may be higher, but may also be the same as or lower than in like material from conventional farms. Furthermore, the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria was more often detected in conventional than in organic production. The aim of this review was to present the recent information on the microbiological safety of food of animal origin produced from raw materials from organic farms.
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Aboelhadid SM, Hashem S, Abdel-Kafy ES, Mahrous LN, Farghly EM, Abdel-Baki AAS, Al-Quraishy S, Kamel AA. Prebiotic supplementation effect on Escherichia coli and Salmonella species associated with experimentally induced intestinal coccidiosis in rabbits. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10714. [PMID: 33552731 PMCID: PMC7831364 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coccidian infection may enhance the proliferation of gut Enterobacteriaceae. Bacterial infections in rabbits can negatively affect the body condition and cause high mortality, especially at young ages. Therefore, the effect of prebiotic supplementation on the presence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella species in rabbits experimentally infected with intestinal coccidiosis was investigated. Methods Thirty male rabbits aged 35–40 days were divided into three equal groups. These groups were; prebiotic supplemented (PS), positive control (PC), and negative control (NC) groups. The prebiotic group was supplemented with 2 g/L of Bio-Mos® until the end of the experiment. At day ten post prebiotic supplementation; the PS and PC groups were inoculated orally with 5.0 × 104 sporulated oocysts of mixed species of rabbit Eimeria. The daily fecal examination was carried out from the day 4 post-infection (PI) until the day 8 PI. At day 5 and day 8 PI, 5 rabbits from each group (PS, PC, and NC) were humanely slaughtered and parts of intestinal tissue were collected for microbiological analysis. Results There was a significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) in the oocyst count in the PS group (25.12 × 104 ± 10.36) when compared with the PC group (43.43 × 104 ± 11.52) and this decrease was continued till the end of the experiment. Eleven E. coli isolates were detected in the collected samples with an overall prevalence of 24.4%. The highest prevalence of E. coli was in the PC group (13.33%) while the lowest one was in the PS group (4.44%). Meanwhile, four Salmonella serovars were isolated with an overall prevalence of 8.89%. The NC group showed one serovar (2.22%) and PC revealed three serovars (6.67%) while the prebiotic supplemented group didn’t show any salmonella isolate. Of E. coli isolates, five isolates (O78, O125, O152, O115 and O168) showed high resistance to florfenicol and neomycin (100%). Also, of salmonella serovars, thee serovars (Salmonella entrica subsp. enterica serovar Macclesfield, Salmonella entrica Subsp. enterica serovar Canada and Salmonella entrica Subsp. enterica serovar Kisangani) showed high resistance to sulphamazole, amoxicillin and flumequin (75%) while it was sensitive to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacine (75%). The bacterial colony in this study was the same results at days 5 and 8 PI. Conclusion The use of prebiotic as prophylaxis in this experiment significantly reduced the prevalence of E. coli and salmonella associated with the intestinal coccidiosis in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawky M Aboelhadid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa Hashem
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed Abdel-Kafy
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lilian N Mahrous
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Eman M Farghly
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa A Kamel
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Boomer SM, Kumar S, Dutton BE. A CURE for Meat: Comparing Bacterial Contaminants on Different Ground Beef Sources Emphasizes Process of Science and Quantitative Reasoning. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOLOGY EDUCATION 2021; 22:jmbe-22-67. [PMID: 33953823 PMCID: PMC8060146 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.v22i1.2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To broaden and emphasize the educational benefits of research to more biology majors in a course setting, we developed and assessed a microbiology-focused course-based undergraduate research experience that utilizes culture-based bacterial enumeration to compare contamination present on different ground beef sources (conventional vs. organic). During the final 3 weeks of the quarter, students learned and practiced common microbiology techniques like dilution math, selective and differential media-based identification, and statistical analysis to evaluate data and test hypotheses. Students were assessed primarily via a formal lab report and a lab practical focused on evaluating process of science and quantitative reasoning skills. The majority of students could write hypotheses and describe variables but were challenged when asked to describe the limitations of the experiments that were conducted as part of this research project. Most students could perform Excel-based graphing and a t test, but many could not solve the complex dilution math required for this project. The greatest barriers to skills mastery represented microbiology-focused concepts, like understanding selective media biases and the nuances of multistep viable counting procedures and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Boomer
- Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, OR 97361
| | | | - Bryan E Dutton
- Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, OR 97361
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Sanchez HM, Whitener VA, Thulsiraj V, Amundson A, Collins C, Duran-Gonzalez M, Giragossian E, Hornstra A, Kamel S, Maben A, Reynolds A, Roswell E, Schmidt B, Sevigny L, Xiong C, Jay JA. Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Conventional, No Antibiotics, and Humane Family Owned Retail Broiler Chicken Meat. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122217. [PMID: 33256102 PMCID: PMC7760345 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary While it is well known that antibiotics administered for either therapeutic or non-therapeutic purposes in livestock farms promote the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria through selective pressure, there are conflicting findings in the literature with regard to the influence of production strategies on antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from commercially-available chicken. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that there would be differences in antibiotic resistance in E. coli isolated from three categories of production methods: Conventional, No Antibiotics, and Humane Family Owned. In this work, it was found that for both ampicillin and erythromycin, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between Conventional and USDA-certified No Antibiotics chicken, which is in line with some previous work. The novel finding in this work is that we observed a statistically significant difference between both of the previously mentioned groups and chicken from Humane Family Owned production schemes. To our knowledge, this is the first time E. coli from Humane Family Owned chicken has been studied for antibiotic resistance. This work contributes to a better understanding of a potential strategy of chicken production for the overall benefit of human health, in line with the One Health approach implemented by the World Health Organization. Abstract The use of antibiotics for therapeutic and especially non-therapeutic purposes in livestock farms promotes the development of antibiotic resistance in previously susceptible bacteria through selective pressure. In this work, we examined E. coli isolates using the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility protocol and the CLSI standards. Companies selling retail chicken products in Los Angeles, California were grouped into three production groupings—Conventional, No Antibiotics, and Humane Family Owned. Humane Family Owned is not a federally regulated category in the United States, but shows the reader that the chicken is incubated, hatched, raised, slaughtered, and packaged by one party, ensuring that the use of antibiotics in the entire production of the chicken is known and understood. We then examined the antibiotic resistance of the E. coli isolates (n = 325) by exposing them to seven common antibiotics, and resistance was seen to two of the antibiotics, ampicillin and erythromycin. As has been shown previously, it was found that for both ampicillin and erythromycin, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between Conventional and USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)-certified No Antibiotics chicken. Unique to this work, we additionally found that Humane Family Owned chicken had fewer (p ≤ 0.05) antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates than both of the previous. Although not considered directly clinically relevant, we chose to test erythromycin because of its ecological significance to the environmental antibiotic resistome, which is not generally done. To our knowledge, Humane Family Owned consumer chicken has not previously been studied for its antibiotic resistance. This work contributes to a better understanding of a potential strategy of chicken production for the overall benefit of human health, giving evidentiary support to the One Health approach implemented by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Sanchez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (H.M.S.); (V.A.W.); (V.T.); (A.A.); (M.D.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Victoria A. Whitener
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (H.M.S.); (V.A.W.); (V.T.); (A.A.); (M.D.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Vanessa Thulsiraj
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (H.M.S.); (V.A.W.); (V.T.); (A.A.); (M.D.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Alicia Amundson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (H.M.S.); (V.A.W.); (V.T.); (A.A.); (M.D.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Carolyn Collins
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.C.); (E.G.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (E.R.); (B.S.); (L.S.); (C.X.)
| | - Mckenzie Duran-Gonzalez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (H.M.S.); (V.A.W.); (V.T.); (A.A.); (M.D.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Edwin Giragossian
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.C.); (E.G.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (E.R.); (B.S.); (L.S.); (C.X.)
| | - Allison Hornstra
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.C.); (E.G.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (E.R.); (B.S.); (L.S.); (C.X.)
| | - Sarah Kamel
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.C.); (E.G.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (E.R.); (B.S.); (L.S.); (C.X.)
| | - Andrea Maben
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.C.); (E.G.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (E.R.); (B.S.); (L.S.); (C.X.)
| | - Amelia Reynolds
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (H.M.S.); (V.A.W.); (V.T.); (A.A.); (M.D.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Elizabeth Roswell
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.C.); (E.G.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (E.R.); (B.S.); (L.S.); (C.X.)
| | - Benjamin Schmidt
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.C.); (E.G.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (E.R.); (B.S.); (L.S.); (C.X.)
| | - Lauren Sevigny
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.C.); (E.G.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (E.R.); (B.S.); (L.S.); (C.X.)
| | - Cindy Xiong
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.C.); (E.G.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (E.R.); (B.S.); (L.S.); (C.X.)
| | - Jennifer A. Jay
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (H.M.S.); (V.A.W.); (V.T.); (A.A.); (M.D.-G.); (A.R.)
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.C.); (E.G.); (A.H.); (S.K.); (A.M.); (E.R.); (B.S.); (L.S.); (C.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-310-267-5365
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Amato HK, Wong NM, Pelc C, Taylor K, Price LB, Altabet M, Jordan TE, Graham JP. Effects of concentrated poultry operations and cropland manure application on antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli and nutrient pollution in Chesapeake Bay watersheds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139401. [PMID: 32464410 PMCID: PMC7324218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Manure from poultry operations is typically applied to nearby cropland and may affect nutrient loading and the spread of antibiotic resistance (ABR). We analyzed the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus and the occurrence of ABR in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli isolates from streams draining 15 small (<19 km2) watersheds of the Chesapeake Bay with contrasting levels of concentrated poultry operations. Total nitrogen and nitrate plus nitrite concentrations increased with poultry barn density with concentrations two and three times higher, respectively, in watersheds with the highest poultry barn densities compared to those without poultry barns. Analysis of N and O isotopes in nitrate by mass spectrometry showed an increase in the proportion of 15N associated with an increase in barn density, suggesting that the nitrate associated with poultry barns originated from manure. Phosphorus concentrations were not correlated with barn density. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of putative E. coli isolates was conducted using the disk diffusion method for twelve clinically important antibiotics. Of the isolates tested, most were completely susceptible (67%); 33% were resistant to at least one antibiotic, 24% were resistant to ampicillin, 13% were resistant to cefazolin, and 8% were multi-drug resistant. Resistance to three cephalosporin drugs was positively associated with an index of manure exposure estimated from poultry barn density and proportion of cropland in a watershed. The proportion of E. coli isolates resistant to cefoxitin, cefazolin, and ceftriaxone, broad-spectrum antibiotics important in human medicine, increased by 18.9%, 16.9%, and 6.2%, respectively, at the highest estimated level of manure exposure compared to watersheds without manure exposure. Our results suggest that comparisons of small watersheds could be used to identify geographic areas where remedial actions may be needed to reduce nutrient pollution and the public health risks of ABR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Amato
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States of America
| | - Nora M Wong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States of America
| | - Carey Pelc
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037, United States of America
| | - Kishana Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Lance B Price
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States of America
| | - Mark Altabet
- Department of Estuarine and Ocean Sciences, School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 836 S Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744, United States of America
| | - Thomas E Jordan
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037, United States of America
| | - Jay P Graham
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States of America.
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10
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Roth N, Käsbohrer A, Mayrhofer S, Zitz U, Hofacre C, Domig KJ. The application of antibiotics in broiler production and the resulting antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli: A global overview. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1791-1804. [PMID: 30544256 PMCID: PMC6414035 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance is a global concern for human and animal health. Resistant microorganisms can spread between food-producing animals and humans. The objective of this review was to identify the type and amount of antibiotics used in poultry production and the level of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from broilers. Isolate information was obtained from national monitoring programs and research studies conducted in large poultry-producing regions: US, China, Brazil, and countries of EU-Poland, United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Spain. The survey results clearly display the absence of a harmonized approach in the monitoring of antibiotics per animal species and the evaluation of resistances using the same methodology. There is no public long-term quantitative data available targeting the amount of antibiotics used in poultry, with the exception of France. Data on antibiotic-resistant E. coli are available for most regions but detection of resistance and number of isolates in each study differs among regions; therefore, statistical evaluation was not possible. Data from France indicate that the decreased use of tetracyclines leads to a reduction in the detected resistance rates. The fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, and polymyxins ("highest priority critically important" antibiotics for human medicine according to WHO) are approved for use in large poultry-producing regions, with the exception of fluoroquinolones in the US and cephalosporins in the EU. The approval of cephalosporins in China could not be evaluated. Tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and penicillins are registered for use in poultry in all evaluated countries. The average resistance rates in E. coli to representatives of these antibiotic classes are higher than 40% in all countries, with the exception of ampicillin in the US. The resistance rates to fluoroquinolones and quinolones in the US, where fluoroquinolones are not registered for use, are below 5%, while the average of resistant E. coli is above 40% in Brazil, China, and EU, where use of fluoroquinolones is legalized. However, banning of fluoroquinolones and quinolones has not totally eliminated the occurrence of resistant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Roth
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- BIOMIN Holding GmbH, 3131 Getzersdorf, Austria
| | - Annemarie Käsbohrer
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrid Mayrhofer
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Zitz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Charles Hofacre
- Poultry Diagnostics and Research Center, University of Georgia, 30602 Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Konrad J Domig
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Vikram A, Miller E, Arthur TM, Bosilevac JM, Wheeler TL, Schmidt JW. Similar Levels of Antimicrobial Resistance in U.S. Food Service Ground Beef Products with and without a "Raised without Antibiotics" Claim. J Food Prot 2018; 81:2007-2018. [PMID: 30476443 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
U.S. ground beef with "raised without antibiotics" (RWA) label claims are perceived as harboring fewer bacteria with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) than are found in conventional (CONV) ground beef with no such label claim. A total of 370 ground beef samples from CONV ( n = 191) and RWA ( n = 179) production systems were collected over 13 months from three food service suppliers. The following bacteria were cultured: Escherichia coli, tetracycline-resistant (TETr) E. coli, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCr) E. coli, Salmonella enterica, TETr S. enterica, 3GCr S. enterica, nalidixic acid-resistant S. enterica, Enterococcus spp., erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., TETr Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. TETr E. coli was more frequently detected in CONV ground beef (CONV, 54.2%; RWA, 35.2%; P < 0.01), but supplier ( P < 0.01) and production system × suppler interaction ( P < 0.01) effects were also significant. Metagenomic DNA was isolated from each sample, and equal amounts of metagenomic DNA were pooled by supplier, month, and production system for 75 pooled samples (38 CONV, 37 RWA). The abundance of aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, aadA1, blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M, blaKPC-2, erm(B), mecA, tet(A), tet(B), and tet(M) genes was assessed by quantitative PCR. The tet(A) (2.9-log2-fold change, P = 0.04) and tet(B) (5.6-log2-fold change) ( P = 0.03) genes were significantly more abundant in RWA ground beef. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that ground beef microbiomes differed more by supplier than by production system. These results were consistent with prior research suggesting antimicrobial use in U.S. beef cattle has minimal impact on the AMR of bacteria found in these products. These results should spur a reevaluation of assumptions regarding the impact of antimicrobial use during U.S. beef production on the AMR of bacteria in ground beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Vikram
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.], http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.], http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
| | - Eric Miller
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.], http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.], http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
| | - Terrance M Arthur
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.], http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.], http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
| | - Joseph M Bosilevac
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.], http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.], http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
| | - Tommy L Wheeler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.], http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.], http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
| | - John W Schmidt
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.], http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.], http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
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12
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Davis GS, Waits K, Nordstrom L, Grande H, Weaver B, Papp K, Horwinski J, Koch B, Hungate BA, Liu CM, Price LB. Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli from retail poultry meat with different antibiotic use claims. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:174. [PMID: 30390618 PMCID: PMC6215666 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We sought to determine if the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli differed across retail poultry products and among major production categories, including organic, “raised without antibiotics”, and conventional. Results We collected all available brands of retail chicken and turkey—including conventional, “raised without antibiotic”, and organic products—every two weeks from January to December 2012. In total, E. coli was recovered from 91% of 546 turkey products tested and 88% of 1367 chicken products tested. The proportion of samples contaminated with E. coli was similar across all three production categories. Resistance prevalence varied by meat type and was highest among E. coli isolates from turkey for the majority of antibiotics tested. In general, production category had little effect on resistance prevalence among E. coli isolates from chicken, although resistance to gentamicin and multidrug resistance did vary. In contrast, resistance prevalence was significantly higher for 6 of the antibiotics tested—and multidrug resistance—among isolates from conventional turkey products when compared to those labelled organic or “raised without antibiotics”. E. coli isolates from chicken varied strongly in resistance prevalence among different brands within each production category. Conclusion The high prevalence of resistance among E. coli isolates from conventionally-raised turkey meat suggests greater antimicrobial use in conventional turkey production as compared to “raised without antibiotics” and organic systems. However, among E. coli from chicken meat, resistance prevalence was more strongly linked to brand than to production category, which could be caused by brand-level differences during production and/or processing, including variations in antimicrobial use. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1322-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg S Davis
- George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Kara Waits
- Pathogen Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.,The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Lora Nordstrom
- Pathogen Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Heidi Grande
- Pathogen Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Brett Weaver
- Pathogen Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Katerina Papp
- Pathogen Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.,Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Joseph Horwinski
- Pathogen Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Benjamin Koch
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Cindy M Liu
- George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA.,Pathogen Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Lance B Price
- George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA.,Pathogen Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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