The occurrence of periodontal diseases and its correlation with different risk factors among a convenient sample of adult Egyptian population: a cross-sectional study

The frequency of periodontitis in end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis in a sample of Egyptian population: multi-center clinical cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

There is a general assumption that periodontal disease is highly prevalent among patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. The aim of the study to estimate the frequency of periodontitis in patients on hemodialysis among a sample of the Egyptian population, as well as the correlation between different clinical parameters of periodontal status with serum creatinine and blood urea. This may rule out the bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and renal failure in patients on hemodialysis.

METHODS

The study was conducted on 263 hemodialysis patients (165 males and 98 females) at three dialysis centers in Benha Governorate, Egypt (Benha Hospital, Tukh hospital, Qalyub hospital). Periodontal parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD) had been recorded in these patients. Serum urea and creatinine levels had been measured, the data had been collected and undergone statistical analysis.

RESULTS

Frequency of periodontitis was 85.6% with stage III is the most prevalent stage. There was a significant positive strong correlation between age and periodontitis stage (rs = 0.707, p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between clinical parameters and serum creatinine level.

CONCLUSION

In the present study, a high frequency of periodontitis had been found among ESRD patients on hemodialysis in the severe form (stage III) periodontitis. There was a significant direct correlation between the severity of periodontitis and CAL with a duration of hemodialysis. There was a weak insignificant association between periodontal indices (PD, BOP, and plaque score) and duration of hemodialysis.

Periodontal diseases and potential risk factors in Egyptian adult population-Results from a national cross-sectional study

Background

Despite the interdependence of general and periodontal health, there is paucity of national representative data on the prevalence of periodontal diseases and their associated risk factors in Egyptian population. This cross-sectional study, thus, aimed to assess the prevalence of periodontitis and tooth loss among Egyptian adults and investigate the association between potential risk factors and periodontal diseases.

Methods

A total of 5,954 adults aged ≥ 20 years were included in this study as a subsample from Egypt’s national oral health survey. Periodontitis was diagnosed with Community Periodontal Index ‘CPI’ scores ≥3 and tooth loss not due to caries was included in the analysis. Socio-demographic data and information on behavioral factors and history of diabetes were gathered in a face-to-face interview. Logistic regression was done to interpret the impact of potential predictors on the incidence of the two selected outcome variables.

Results

The overall prevalence of periodontitis was 26% and regression analysis revealed that higher odds of periodontitis existed among illiterate participants (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.40–2.17), smokers (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.69–2.20) and rural residents (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.03–1.30). On the other hand, old age, frequency of dental attendance and history of diabetes were the main predictive factors for tooth loss.

Conclusions

Among Egyptian adults, periodontal diseases were strongly associated with a multitude of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and inequalities in distribution of periodontal treatment needs were determined mainly by age, gender, level of education and residency location.

Oral Health Attitudes among Preclinical and Clinical Dental Students: A Pilot Study and Self-Assessment in an Egyptian State-Funded University

Dentists should present to patients as good role models in their oral health behaviour. Previous studies have demonstrated how education can improve dental students’ oral health. This pilot investigation aimed to compare and evaluate the features of the oral health behaviour and attitudes of preclinical and clinical dental students at Ain Shams University, a public Egyptian university. The Hiroshima University-Dental Behaviour Inventory (HU-DBI) survey was provided to 149 (78 female/71 male) dental students. Dichotomised (agree/disagree) answers to 20 HU-DBI items were possible, with a maximum conceivable score of 19. An estimation of oral health behaviour and attitudes was calculated by the sum of correct oral health answers to every item by the study groups and evaluated statistically. The score of oral health-favouring answers was higher in clinical (11.50) than preclinical students (10.63) and was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Single-item evaluations showed no statistical significance, except in one survey item. This survey exhibited weak differences in the improvement of oral hygiene behaviour and attitudes between participating preclinical and clinical students, as well as overall poor oral health behaviour in both groups. This inadequacy of Egyptian public dental education in terms of sufficient student oral health progress emphasises the necessity for supplementary courses and curricular reviews that accentuate the need for future dentists to display the correct oral health behaviour.

Periodontal Disease Status and Associated Risk Factors in Patients Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia

PURPOSE

Information on periodontal disease and its predictors in sub-Saharan Africa is sparse. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of periodontal disease and assess the relationship with associated factors in patients who attended the University of Gondar comprehensive hospital.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1, 2019, to March 10, 2020, at the University of Gondar comprehensive Hospital. Participants were recruited with a systematic random sampling technique, and interviewed for sociodemographic and medical information through a structured questionnaire. Two examiners evaluated the periodontal status of the study participants using the community periodontal index (CPI).

RESULTS

Four hundred twenty participants were involved in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 29.87 (±7. 76). The majority of the study participants had a habit of tooth brushing (72.1%) and almost half of them did not have a fixed time to brush their teeth. Periodontal change (CPI>0) was noted in 42.4% of the participants and among that 21.7% had shallow pocket (pocket depth of 4-5 mm) and 5.95% had a deep periodontal pocket (≥6 mm). The prevalence was higher in 20-34 years (57.3%), females (58.98%), monthly income of <2500 ETB (82.02%), and frequent carbohydrate intakes (65.17%). Age (AOR=9.61, 95% CI: 6.42, 13.04), gender (AOR=2.00, 95% CI: 136, 2.97), educational status (AOR=3.25), residency (AOR= 1.66), monthly income (AOR=2.13), oral hygiene habit (AOR=4.85) and systemic disease (AOR=1.96) were significantly associated with periodontitis.

CONCLUSION

In the present study, 42.4% of the study participants encountered periodontal disease. The study confirmed that various sociodemographic risk factors/indicators are associated with an increased risk of periodontitis.