1
|
Levitan I. Evaluating membrane structure by Laurdan imaging: Disruption of lipid packing by oxidized lipids. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 88:235-256. [PMID: 34862028 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Impact of different lipids on membrane structure/lipid order is critical for multiple biological processes. Laurdan microscopy provides a unique tool to assess this property in heterogeneous biological membranes. This review describes the general principles of the approach and its application in model membranes and cells. It also provides an in-depth discussion of the insights obtained using Laurdan microscopy to evaluate the differential effects of cholesterol, oxysterols and oxidized phospholipids on lipid packing of ordered and disordered domains in vascular endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Levitan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scanavachi G, Coutinho A, Fedorov AA, Prieto M, Melo AM, Itri R. Lipid Hydroperoxide Compromises the Membrane Structure Organization and Softens Bending Rigidity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9952-9963. [PMID: 34374545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid hydroperoxides are key mediators of diseases and cell death. In this work, the structural and dynamic perturbations induced by the hydroperoxidized POPC lipid (POPC-OOH) in fluid POPC membranes, at both 23 and 37 °C, were addressed using advanced small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and fluorescence methodologies. Notably, SAXS reveals that the hydroperoxide group decreases the lipid bilayer bending rigidity. This alteration disfavors the bilayer stacking and increases the swelling in-between stacked bilayers. We further investigated the changes in the apolar/polar interface of hydroperoxide-containing membranes through time-resolved fluorescence/anisotropy experiments of the probe TMA-DPH and time-dependent fluorescence shifts of Laurdan. A shorter mean fluorescence lifetime for TMA-DPH was obtained in enriched POPC-OOH membranes, revealing a higher degree of hydration near the membrane interface. Moreover, a higher microviscosity near TMA-DPH and lower order are predicted for these oxidized membranes, at variance with the usual trend of variation of these two parameters. Finally, the complex relaxation process of Laurdan in pure POPC-OOH membranes also indicates a higher membrane hydration and viscosity in the close vicinity of the -OOH moiety. Altogether, our combined approach reveals that the hydroperoxide group promotes alterations in the membrane structure organization, namely, at the level of membrane order, viscosity, and bending rigidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Scanavachi
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Ana Coutinho
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Dep. Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Alexander Andreevich Fedorov
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Manuel Prieto
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Ana M Melo
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Rosangela Itri
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Danylchuk DI, Sezgin E, Chabert P, Klymchenko AS. Redesigning Solvatochromic Probe Laurdan for Imaging Lipid Order Selectively in Cell Plasma Membranes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14798-14805. [PMID: 33044816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Imaging of biological membranes by environmentally sensitive solvatochromic probes, such as Laurdan, provides information about the organization of lipids, their ordering, and their uneven distribution. To address a key drawback of Laurdan linked to its rapid internalization and subsequent labeling of internal membranes, we redesigned it by introducing a membrane anchor group based on negatively charged sulfonate and dodecyl chain. The obtained probe, Pro12A, stains exclusively the outer leaflet of lipid bilayers of liposomes, as evidenced by leaflet-specific fluorescence quenching with a viologen derivative, and shows higher fluorescence brightness than Laurdan. Pro12A also exhibits stronger spectral change between liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases in model membranes and distinguishes better lipid domains in giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) than Laurdan. In live cells, it stains exclusively the cell plasma membranes, in contrast to Laurdan and its carboxylate analogue C-Laurdan. Owing to its outer leaflet binding, Pro12A is much more sensitive to cholesterol extraction than Laurdan, which is redistributed within both plasma membrane leaflets and intracellular membranes. Finally, its operating range in the blue spectral region ensures the absence of crosstalk with a number of orange/red fluorescent proteins and dyes. Thus, Pro12A will enable accurate multicolor imaging of lipid organization of cell plasma membranes in the presence of fluorescently tagged proteins of interest, which will open new opportunities in biomembrane research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro I Danylchuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, U.K.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philippe Chabert
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Augenstreich J, Haanappel E, Sayes F, Simeone R, Guillet V, Mazeres S, Chalut C, Mourey L, Brosch R, Guilhot C, Astarie-Dequeker C. Phthiocerol Dimycocerosates From Mycobacterium tuberculosis Increase the Membrane Activity of Bacterial Effectors and Host Receptors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:420. [PMID: 32923411 PMCID: PMC7456886 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) synthesizes a variety of atypical lipids that are exposed at the cell surface and help the bacterium infect macrophages and escape elimination by the cell's immune responses. In the present study, we investigate the mechanism of action of one family of hydrophobic lipids, the phthiocerol dimycocerosates (DIM/PDIM), major lipid virulence factors. DIM are transferred from the envelope of Mtb to host membranes during infection. Using the polarity-sensitive fluorophore C-Laurdan, we visualized that DIM decrease the membrane polarity of a supported lipid bilayer put in contact with mycobacteria, even beyond the site of contact. We observed that DIM activate the complement receptor 3, a predominant receptor for phagocytosis of Mtb by macrophages. DIM also increased the activity of membrane-permeabilizing effectors of Mtb, among which the virulence factor EsxA. This is consistent with previous observations that DIM help Mtb disrupt host cell membranes. Taken together, our data show that transferred DIM spread within the target membrane, modify its physical properties and increase the activity of host cell receptors and bacterial effectors, diverting in a non-specific manner host cell functions. We therefore bring new insight into the molecular mechanisms by which DIM increase Mtb's capability to escape the cell's immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Augenstreich
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-UPS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Evert Haanappel
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-UPS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Fadel Sayes
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR3525, Paris, France
| | - Roxane Simeone
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR3525, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Guillet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-UPS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Mazeres
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-UPS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Chalut
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-UPS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Mourey
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-UPS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR3525, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Guilhot
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-UPS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Astarie-Dequeker
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-UPS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Steinkühler J, Sezgin E, Urbančič I, Eggeling C, Dimova R. Mechanical properties of plasma membrane vesicles correlate with lipid order, viscosity and cell density. Commun Biol 2019; 2:337. [PMID: 31531398 PMCID: PMC6744421 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of plasma membrane curvature and composition governs essential cellular processes. The material property of bending rigidity describes the energetic cost of membrane deformations and depends on the plasma membrane molecular composition. Because of compositional fluctuations and active processes, it is challenging to measure it in intact cells. Here, we study the plasma membrane using giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs), which largely preserve the plasma membrane lipidome and proteome. We show that the bending rigidity of plasma membranes under varied conditions is correlated to readout from environment-sensitive dyes, which are indicative of membrane order and microviscosity. This correlation holds across different cell lines, upon cholesterol depletion or enrichment of the plasma membrane, and variations in cell density. Thus, polarity- and viscosity-sensitive probes represent a promising indicator of membrane mechanical properties. Additionally, our results allow for identifying synthetic membranes with a few well defined lipids as optimal plasma membrane mimetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Steinkühler
- Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
| | - Iztok Urbančič
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, “Jožef Stefan” Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
- Institute of Applied Optics Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena, Max-Wien Platz 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Osella S, Di Meo F, Murugan NA, Fabre G, Ameloot M, Trouillas P, Knippenberg S. Combining (Non)linear Optical and Fluorescence Analysis of DiD To Enhance Lipid Phase Recognition. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:5350-5359. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Osella
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Florent Di Meo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, UMR 1248 INSERM, Limoges University, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - N. Arul Murugan
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabin Fabre
- LCSN-EA1069, Faculty of Pharmacy, Limoges University, 2, rue du Dr. Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Patrick Trouillas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, UMR 1248 INSERM, Limoges University, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
- Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, tř. 17 listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Knippenberg
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Raghunathan K, Kenworthy AK. Dynamic pattern generation in cell membranes: Current insights into membrane organization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2018-2031. [PMID: 29752898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been two decades since the lipid raft hypothesis was first presented. Even today, whether these nanoscale cholesterol-rich domains are present in cell membranes is not completely resolved. However, especially in the last few years, a rich body of literature has demonstrated both the presence and the importance of non-random distribution of biomolecules on the membrane, which is the focus of this review. These new developments have pushed the experimental limits of detection and have brought us closer to observing lipid domains in the plasma membrane of live cells. Characterization of biomolecules associated with lipid rafts has revealed a deep connection between biological regulation and function and membrane compositional heterogeneities. Finally, tantalizing new developments in the field have demonstrated that lipid domains might not just be associated with the plasma membrane of eukaryotes but could potentially be a ubiquitous membrane-organizing principle in several other biological systems. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Emergence of Complex Behavior in Biomembranes edited by Marjorie Longo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Raghunathan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Anne K Kenworthy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mazeres S, Fereidouni F, Joly E. Using spectral decomposition of the signals from laurdan-derived probes to evaluate the physical state of membranes in live cells. F1000Res 2017; 6:763. [PMID: 28663788 PMCID: PMC5473435 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11577.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We wanted to investigate the physical state of biological membranes in live cells under the most physiological conditions possible. Methods: For this we have been using laurdan, C-laurdan or M-laurdan to label a variety of cells, and a biphoton microscope equipped with both a thermostatic chamber and a spectral analyser. We also used a flow cytometer to quantify the 450/530 nm ratio of fluorescence emissions by whole cells. Results: We find that using all the information provided by spectral analysis to perform spectral decomposition dramatically improves the imaging resolution compared to using just two channels, as commonly used to calculate generalized polarisation (GP). Coupled to a new plugin called Fraction Mapper, developed to represent the fraction of light intensity in the first component in a stack of two images, we obtain very clear pictures of both the intra-cellular distribution of the probes, and the polarity of the cellular environments where the lipid probes are localised. Our results lead us to conclude that, in live cells kept at 37°C, laurdan, and M-laurdan to a lesser extent, have a strong tendency to accumulate in the very apolar environment of intra-cytoplasmic lipid droplets, but label the plasma membrane (PM) of mammalian cells ineffectively. On the other hand, C-laurdan labels the PM very quickly and effectively, and does not detectably accumulate in lipid droplets. Conclusions: From using these probes on a variety of mammalian cell lines, as well as on cells from
Drosophila and
Dictyostelium discoideum, we conclude that, apart from the lipid droplets, which are very apolar, probes in intracellular membranes reveal a relatively polar and hydrated environment, suggesting a very marked dominance of liquid disordered states. PMs, on the other hand, are much more apolar, suggesting a strong dominance of liquid ordered state, which fits with their high sterol contents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mazeres
- Membrane and DNA Dynamics Team, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, F-31077, France
| | - Farzad Fereidouni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, CA 95817, CA, 4400, USA
| | - Etienne Joly
- Membrane and DNA Dynamics Team, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, F-31077, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mazeres S, Fereidouni F, Joly E. Using spectral decomposition of the signals from laurdan-derived probes to evaluate the physical state of membranes in live cells. F1000Res 2017; 6:763. [PMID: 28663788 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11577.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We wanted to investigate the physical state of biological membranes in live cells under the most physiological conditions possible. Methods: For this we have been using laurdan, C-laurdan or M-laurdan to label a variety of cells, and a biphoton microscope equipped with both a thermostatic chamber and a spectral analyser. We also used a flow cytometer to quantify the 450/530 nm ratio of fluorescence emissions by whole cells. Results: We find that using all the information provided by spectral analysis to perform spectral decomposition dramatically improves the imaging resolution compared to using just two channels, as commonly used to calculate generalized polarisation (GP). Coupled to a new plugin called Fraction Mapper, developed to represent the fraction of light intensity in the first component in a stack of two images, we obtain very clear pictures of both the intra-cellular distribution of the probes, and the polarity of the cellular environments where the lipid probes are localised. Our results lead us to conclude that, in live cells kept at 37°C, laurdan, and M-laurdan to a lesser extent, have a strong tendency to accumulate in the very apolar environment of intra-cytoplasmic lipid droplets, but label the plasma membrane (PM) of mammalian cells ineffectively. On the other hand, C-laurdan labels the PM very quickly and effectively, and does not detectably accumulate in lipid droplets. Conclusions: From using these probes on a variety of mammalian cell lines, as well as on cells from Drosophila and Dictyostelium discoideum, we conclude that, apart from the lipid droplets, which are very apolar, probes in intracellular membranes reveal a relatively polar and hydrated environment, suggesting a very marked dominance of liquid disordered states. PMs, on the other hand, are much more apolar, suggesting a strong dominance of liquid ordered state, which fits with their high sterol contents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mazeres
- Membrane and DNA Dynamics Team, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, F-31077, France
| | - Farzad Fereidouni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, CA 95817, CA, 4400, USA
| | - Etienne Joly
- Membrane and DNA Dynamics Team, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, F-31077, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Augenstreich J, Arbues A, Simeone R, Haanappel E, Wegener A, Sayes F, Le Chevalier F, Chalut C, Malaga W, Guilhot C, Brosch R, Astarie-Dequeker C. ESX-1 and phthiocerol dimycocerosates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis act in concert to cause phagosomal rupture and host cell apoptosis. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [PMID: 28095608 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although phthiocerol dimycocerosates (DIM) are major virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of human tuberculosis, little is known about their mechanism of action. Localized in the outer membrane of mycobacterial pathogens, DIM are predicted to interact with host cell membranes. Interaction with eukaryotic membranes is a property shared with another virulence factor of Mtb, the early secretory antigenic target EsxA (also known as ESAT-6). This small protein, which is secreted by the type VII secretion system ESX-1 (T7SS/ESX-1), is involved in phagosomal rupture and cell death induced by virulent mycobacteria inside host phagocytes. In this work, by the use of several knock-out or knock-in mutants of Mtb or Mycobacterium bovis BCG strains and different cell biological assays, we present conclusive evidence that ESX-1 and DIM act in concert to induce phagosomal membrane damage and rupture in infected macrophages, ultimately leading to host cell apoptosis. These results identify an as yet unknown function for DIM in the infection process and open up a new research field for the study of the interaction of lipid and protein virulence factors of Mtb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Augenstreich
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS-Université de Toulouse (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Ainhoa Arbues
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS-Université de Toulouse (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Roxane Simeone
- Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Evert Haanappel
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS-Université de Toulouse (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Alice Wegener
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS-Université de Toulouse (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Fadel Sayes
- Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Le Chevalier
- Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Christian Chalut
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS-Université de Toulouse (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Wladimir Malaga
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS-Université de Toulouse (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Guilhot
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS-Université de Toulouse (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Astarie-Dequeker
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS-Université de Toulouse (UPS), Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Osella S, Murugan NA, Jena NK, Knippenberg S. Investigation into Biological Environments through (Non)linear Optics: A Multiscale Study of Laurdan Derivatives. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:6169-6181. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Osella
- Division of Theoretical
Chemistry
and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N. Arul Murugan
- Division of Theoretical
Chemistry
and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naresh K. Jena
- Division of Theoretical
Chemistry
and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Knippenberg
- Division of Theoretical
Chemistry
and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cheniour M, Gueyrard D, Goekjian PG, Granjon T, Marcillat O. A convenient and versatile synthesis of Laurdan-like fluorescent membrane probes: characterization of their fluorescence properties. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20369d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and versatile synthetic scheme leading to Laurdan-derived fluorescent probes for biological membranes. Libraries of Laurdan derivatives will allow addressing the effect of the polar group on probes capacity to monitor lipids physical state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Cheniour
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- F-69622 Villeurbanne
- France
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- ICBMS
| | - D. Gueyrard
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- F-69622 Villeurbanne
- France
- Université de Lyon
- Laboratoire Chimie Organique 2 – Glyco
| | - P. G. Goekjian
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- F-69622 Villeurbanne
- France
- Université de Lyon
- Laboratoire Chimie Organique 2 – Glyco
| | - T. Granjon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- F-69622 Villeurbanne
- France
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- ICBMS
| | - O. Marcillat
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- F-69622 Villeurbanne
- France
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- ICBMS
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marquês JT, Antunes CA, Santos FC, de Almeida RF. Biomembrane Organization and Function. ADVANCES IN PLANAR LIPID BILAYERS AND LIPOSOMES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adplan.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
14
|
Mazeres S, Joly E, Lopez A, Tardin C. Characterization of M-laurdan, a versatile probe to explore order in lipid membranes. F1000Res 2014; 3:172. [PMID: 25485094 PMCID: PMC4243762 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.4805.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microdomains corresponding to localized partition of lipids between ordered and less ordered environments are the subject of intensive investigations, because of their putative participation in modulating cellular responses. One popular approach in the field consists in labelling membranes with solvatochromic fluorescent probes such as laurdan and C-laurdan. In this report, we describe a high-yield procedure for the synthesis of laurdan, C-laurdan and two new fluorophores, called MoC-laurdan and M-laurdan, as well as their extensive photophysical characterization. We find that the latter probe, M-laurdan, is particularly suited to discriminate lipid phases independently of the chemical nature of the lipids, as measured by both fluorescence Generalized Polarization (GP) and anisotropy in large unilamellar vesicles made of various lipid compositions. In addition, staining of live cells with M-laurdan shows a good stability over time without any apparent toxicity, as well as a wider distribution in the various cell compartments than the other probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mazeres
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, F-31077, France
| | - Etienne Joly
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, F-31077, France
| | - Andre Lopez
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, F-31077, France
| | - Catherine Tardin
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, F-31077, France
| |
Collapse
|