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Nobs SP, Tuganbaev T, Elinav E. Microbiome diurnal rhythmicity and its impact on host physiology and disease risk. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201847129. [PMID: 30877136 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-microbiome interactions constitute key determinants of host physiology, while their dysregulation is implicated in a wide range of human diseases. The microbiome undergoes diurnal variation in composition and function, and this in turn drives oscillations in host gene expression and functions. In this review, we discuss the newest developments in understanding circadian host-microbiome interplays, and how they may be relevant in health and disease contexts. We summarize the molecular mechanisms by which the microbiome influences host function in a diurnal manner, and inversely describe how the host orchestrates circadian rhythmicity of the microbiome. Furthermore, we highlight the future perspectives and challenges in studying this new and exciting facet of host-microbiome interactions. Finally, we illustrate how the elucidation of the microbiome chronobiology may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timur Tuganbaev
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel .,Cancer-Microbiome Division, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Martin B, Chadwick W, Janssens J, Premont RT, Schmalzigaug R, Becker KG, Lehrmann E, Wood WH, Zhang Y, Siddiqui S, Park SS, Cong WN, Daimon CM, Maudsley S. GIT2 Acts as a Systems-Level Coordinator of Neurometabolic Activity and Pathophysiological Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:191. [PMID: 26834700 PMCID: PMC4716144 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging represents one of the most complicated and highly integrated somatic processes. Healthy aging is suggested to rely upon the coherent regulation of hormonal and neuronal communication between the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. The hypothalamus is one of the main structures in the body responsible for sustaining an efficient interaction between energy balance and neurological activity and therefore likely coordinates multiple systems in the aging process. We previously identified, in hypothalamic and peripheral tissues, the G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 2 (GIT2) as a stress response and aging regulator. As metabolic status profoundly affects aging trajectories, we investigated the role of GIT2 in regulating metabolic activity. We found that genomic deletion of GIT2 alters hypothalamic transcriptomic signatures related to diabetes and metabolic pathways. Deletion of GIT2 reduced whole animal respiratory exchange ratios away from those related to primary glucose usage for energy homeostasis. GIT2 knockout (GIT2KO) mice demonstrated lower insulin secretion levels, disruption of pancreatic islet beta cell mass, elevated plasma glucose, and insulin resistance. High-dimensionality transcriptomic signatures from islets isolated from GIT2KO mice indicated a disruption of beta cell development. Additionally, GIT2 expression was prematurely elevated in pancreatic and hypothalamic tissues from diabetic-state mice (db/db), compared to age-matched wild type (WT) controls, further supporting the role of GIT2 in metabolic regulation and aging. We also found that the physical interaction of pancreatic GIT2 with the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 2 was diminished in db/db mice compared to WT mice. Therefore, GIT2 appears to exert a multidimensional "keystone" role in regulating the aging process by coordinating somatic responses to energy deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwen Martin
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wayne Chadwick
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Janssens
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Richard T. Premont
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert Schmalzigaug
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William H. Wood
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sana Siddiqui
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei-na Cong
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caitlin M. Daimon
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Stuart Maudsley,
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