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Hu H, Zhong T, Jiang S. H2AFX might be a prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 6:e1684. [PMID: 35903980 PMCID: PMC9875689 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H2AFX can play a central role in DNA repair, replication, transcription regulation, and chromosomal stability. However, there is little research to explore the expression of H2AFX in cancers. Moreover, the correlation between the expression of H2AFX and tumor immunity, which affects the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is not clear. This article aimed to observe the correlation between H2AFX and tumor tissue infiltration biomarkers in HCC and its prognostic potential in HCC. METHOD Oncomine and TIMER database were used to assess the expression level of H2AFX mRNA, and GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier databases were used to evaluate its prognostic potential. The TIMER database analyzed the relationship between h2afx expression level and tumor immune cell infiltration markers in liver cancer tissues. RESULTS The results showed that H2AFX was overexpressed in tumor tissues than normal tissues in HCC via analysis, and its expression level was correlated with the survival rate of HCC. Moreover, the expression level of H2AFX was related to various immune biomarkers. These results show that overexpression of H2AFX would reflect the poor prognosis of HCC, and these would also reflect that the gene H2AFX can affect the infiltration of HCC immune cells and then play a role in regulating tumor immunity. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the gene H2AFX might be a potential poor prognostic biomarker in HCC and might be involved in the infiltration of HCC immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Hu
- Department of Blood TransfusionThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityAnhuiChina
| | - Tao Zhong
- Department of Blood TransfusionThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityAnhuiChina
| | - Suwei Jiang
- Department of Biological and Environmental EngineeringHefei UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
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2
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Wyatt CDR, Pernaute B, Gohr A, Miret-Cuesta M, Goyeneche L, Rovira Q, Salzer MC, Boke E, Bogdanovic O, Bonnal S, Irimia M. A developmentally programmed splicing failure contributes to DNA damage response attenuation during mammalian zygotic genome activation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn4935. [PMID: 35417229 PMCID: PMC9007516 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn4935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transition from maternal to embryonic transcriptional control is crucial for embryogenesis. However, alternative splicing regulation during this process remains understudied. Using transcriptomic data from human, mouse, and cow preimplantation development, we show that the stage of zygotic genome activation (ZGA) exhibits the highest levels of exon skipping diversity reported for any cell or tissue type. Much of this exon skipping is temporary, leads to disruptive noncanonical isoforms, and occurs in genes enriched for DNA damage response in the three species. Two core spliceosomal components, Snrpb and Snrpd2, regulate these patterns. These genes have low maternal expression at ZGA and increase sharply thereafter. Microinjection of Snrpb/d2 messenger RNA into mouse zygotes reduces the levels of exon skipping at ZGA and leads to increased p53-mediated DNA damage response. We propose that mammalian embryos undergo an evolutionarily conserved, developmentally programmed splicing failure at ZGA that contributes to the attenuation of cellular responses to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. R. Wyatt
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Pernaute
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - André Gohr
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Miret-Cuesta
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Goyeneche
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Quirze Rovira
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marion C. Salzer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvan Boke
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ozren Bogdanovic
- Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sophie Bonnal
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Irimia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Ishii Y, Kuroda K, Matsushita K, Yokoo Y, Takasu S, Kijima A, Nohmi T, Ogawa K, Umemura T. Phosphorylation of protein phosphatase 2A facilitated an early stage of chemical carcinogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 336:75-83. [PMID: 29054680 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine-threonine phosphatase that regulates cell signaling pathways. Its inactivation is correlated with tumor malignancy, possibly due to the effects on cell differentiation and malignant cell transformation. Therefore, it has been noted that PP2A could be a promising target for cancer therapy. In our previous study of the hepatocarcinogen estragole (ES), cell proliferation may be required to convert ES-specific DNA adducts to mutations. To explore the trigger for cell proliferation, gpt delta rats were administered ES by gavage at doses of 3, 30 and 300mg/kg/day for 4weeks. ES-induced cell proliferation and gene mutations were observed at only the high dose whereas ES-specific DNA adducts were detected in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analyses revealed activation of the Akt and ERK pathways without activation of upstream regulators, such as c-Raf, PKC and, PI3K. Phosphorylation of the PP2A C subunit at Tyr307 was found along with phosphorylation of Src. The overall data might imply that PP2A inactivation is responsible for cell cycle progression through activation of the Akt and ERK pathways at high doses of ES. Based on γ-H2AX immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis for Rad51 protein, the resultant mutation spectra showed large deletion mutations that might result from double strand breaks of DNA. Thus, it is likely that inactivation of PP2A resulted in acceleration and exacerbation of gene mutations. We conclude that PP2A might contribute to an early stage of chemical carcinogenesis, suggesting that PP2A could be a molecular target of primary cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ishii
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Ken Kuroda
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsushita
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yuh Yokoo
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Takasu
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Aki Kijima
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nohmi
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Science, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Umemura
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan; Faculty of Animal Science Technology, Yamazaki Gakuen University, 4-7-2 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0364, Japan.
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4
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Zhu S, Pabla N, Tang C, He L, Dong Z. DNA damage response in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:2197-205. [PMID: 26564230 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin and its derivatives are widely used chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment. However, they have debilitating side effects in normal tissues and induce ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. In kidneys, cisplatin preferentially accumulates in renal tubular cells causing tubular cell injury and death, resulting in acute kidney injury (AKI). Recent studies have suggested that DNA damage and the associated DNA damage response (DDR) are an important pathogenic mechanism of AKI following cisplatin treatment. Activation of DDR may lead to cell cycle arrest and DNA repair for cell survival or, in the presence of severe injury, kidney cell death. Modulation of DDR may provide novel renoprotective strategies for cancer patients undergoing cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Navjotsingh Pabla
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Benzina S, Pitaval A, Lemercier C, Lustremant C, Frouin V, Wu N, Papine A, Soussaline F, Romeo PH, Gidrol X. A kinome-targeted RNAi-based screen links FGF signaling to H2AX phosphorylation in response to radiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3559-73. [PMID: 25894690 PMCID: PMC4548013 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A general radioprotective effect by fibroblast growth
factor (FGF) has been extensively described since the early 1990s; however, the molecular mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) lead to a complex set of responses in eukaryotic cells. One of the earliest consequences is phosphorylation of histone H2AX to form nuclear foci of the phosphorylated form of H2AX (γH2AX) in the chromatin adjacent to sites of DSBs and to initiate the recruitment of DNA-repair molecules. Upon a DSB event, a rapid signaling network is activated to coordinate DNA repair with the induction of cell-cycle checkpoints. To date, three kinases (ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK) have been shown to phosphorylate histone H2AX in response to irradiation. Here, we report a kinome-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen to characterize human kinases involved in H2AX phosphorylation. By analyzing γH2AX foci at a single-nucleus level, we identified 46 kinases involved either directly or indirectly in H2AX phosphorylation in response to irradiation in human keratinocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in response to irradiation, the FGFR4 signaling cascade promotes JNK1 activation and direct H2AX phosphorylation leading, in turn, to more efficient DNA repair. This can explain, at least partially, the radioprotective effect of FGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Benzina
- CEA, IRTSV, Biologie à Grande Echelle, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex, France,
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6
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Guo Z, Zhao J, Song L, Ma JX, Wang CJ, Pei SY, Jiang C, Li SB. Induction of H2AX phosphorylation in tumor cells by gossypol acetic acid is mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) family. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:141. [PMID: 25530717 PMCID: PMC4272777 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H2AX is phosphorylated (γH2AX) by members of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) family, including Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR) and DNA-PK in response to DNA damage. Our study shows that gossypol acetic acid (GAA) alone can induce γH2AX in Human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line (MEC-1) in vitro. Thus, we further examined the possible mechanisms of GAA to induce γH2AX in tumor cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PI3K inhibitors caffeine and wortmannin were used in an effort to identify the kinase(s) responsible for GAA -induced γH2AX in MEC-1 cells. DNA dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) - proficient and -deficient cells, human glioma cell lines M059K and M059J, were also used to evaluate the kinases responsible for GAA induced H2AX phosphorylation. γH2AX expression was detected by immunofluorescent microscopy. Flow cytometry assay was used to assay γH2AX and cell cycle. RESULTS GAA induced H2AX phosphorylation in a cell cycle-dependent manner and a significant G0/G1 phase arrest in MEC-1 cells was shown. Caffeine and wortmannin significantly inhibited GAA-induced H2AX phosphorylation in MEC-1 cells. GAA induced H2AX phosphorylation in M059K, but not in M059J. Taken together, these data suggested that GAA treatment alone could induce H2AX phosphorylation in a cell cycle dependent manner in MEC-1 and M059K, but not in M059J cells. A significant G0/G1 phase arrest was shown in MEC-1. CONCLUSIONS The member of PI3K family, DNA-PK, ATM and ATR are involved in the H2AX phosphorylation of MEC-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Guo
- Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, 730030 PR China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, 730030 PR China
| | - Lei Song
- Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, 730030 PR China
| | - Jian-Xiu Ma
- Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, 730030 PR China
| | - Chen-Jing Wang
- Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, 730030 PR China
| | - Shu-Yan Pei
- Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, 730030 PR China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, 730030 PR China
| | - Shang-Biao Li
- Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, 730030 PR China
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7
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Kuroda K, Hibi D, Ishii Y, Takasu S, Kijima A, Matsushita K, Masumura KI, Watanabe M, Sugita-Konishi Y, Sakai H, Yanai T, Nohmi T, Ogawa K, Umemura T. Ochratoxin A induces DNA double-strand breaks and large deletion mutations in the carcinogenic target site of gpt delta rats. Mutagenesis 2013; 29:27-36. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/get054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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8
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Koike M, Yutoku Y, Koike A. The defect of Ku70 affects sensitivity to x-ray and radiation-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in lung cells. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 75:415-20. [PMID: 23149547 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA repair protein Ku70 is a key player in chemoresistance to anticancer agents (e.g., etoposide) or radioresistance. The responses of different organs to radiation vary widely and likely depend on the cell population in the organs. Previously, we established and characterized Ku70-deficient murine lung epithelial (Ku70 -/- MLE) cells and found that these cells are more sensitive than Ku70 +/- MLE cells (control cells) to X-irradiation, as determined by clonogenic survival assay; however, the mechanism underlying this sensitivity remains unclear. In this study, we examined the mechanism by which X-irradiation triggers the death of Ku70 -/- MLE cells. Our results showed that Ku70 -/- MLE cells were more sensitive to radiation-induced apoptosis than control cells, although X-irradiation activated caspase-3 and caspase-7, and cleaved PARP in both cell lines. We also examined the expression level of phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX), which is a marker of DSB, and observed the phosphorylation of H2AX and the elimination of γH2AX in both cell lines after X-irradiation. The elimination in Ku70 -/- MLE cells was slower than that in control cells, suggesting that DSB repair activity in the Ku70 -/- MLE cells is lower than that in control cells. These findings suggest that Ku70 might play a key role in the inhibition of apoptosis through the DSB repair pathway in lung epithelial cells. Our findings also suggest that these cell lines might be useful for the study of Ku70 functions and the Ku70-dependent DSB repair pathway in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Koike
- DNA Repair Gene Res., National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
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9
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Dynamics of γH2AX formation and elimination in mammalian cells after X-irradiation. Biochimie 2012; 94:2416-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Oocytes Progress beyond Prophase in the Presence of DNA Damage. Curr Biol 2012; 22:989-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Accumulation of p21 proteins at DNA damage sites independent of p53 and core NHEJ factors following irradiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 412:39-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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H2AX phosphorylation at the sites of DNA double-strand breaks in cultivated mammalian cells and tissues. Clin Epigenetics 2011; 2:283-97. [PMID: 22704343 PMCID: PMC3365398 DOI: 10.1007/s13148-011-0044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A sequence variant of histone H2A called H2AX is one of the key components of chromatin involved in DNA damage response induced by different genotoxic stresses. Phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) is rapidly concentrated in chromatin domains around DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) after the action of ionizing radiation or chemical agents and at stalled replication forks during replication stress. γH2AX foci could be easily detected in cell nuclei using immunofluorescence microscopy that allows to use γH2AX as a quantitative marker of DSBs in various applications. H2AX is phosphorylated in situ by ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK kinases that have distinct roles in different pathways of DSB repair. The γH2AX serves as a docking site for the accumulation of DNA repair proteins, and after rejoining of DSBs, it is released from chromatin. The molecular mechanism of γH2AX dephosphorylation is not clear. It is complicated and requires the activity of different proteins including phosphatases and chromatin-remodeling complexes. In this review, we summarize recently published data concerning the mechanisms and kinetics of γH2AX loss in normal cells and tissues as well as in those deficient in ATM, DNA-PK, and DSB repair proteins activity. The results of the latest scientific research of the low-dose irradiation phenomenon are presented including the bystander effect and the adaptive response estimated by γH2AX detection in cells and tissues.
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13
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Paris L, Cordelli E, Eleuteri P, Grollino MG, Pasquali E, Ranaldi R, Meschini R, Pacchierotti F. Kinetics of γ-H2AX induction and removal in bone marrow and testicular cells of mice after X-ray irradiation. Mutagenesis 2011; 26:563-72. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ger017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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14
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Yan C, Lu J, Zhang G, Gan T, Zeng Q, Shao Z, Duerksen-Hughes PJ, Yang J. Benzo[a]pyrene induces complex H2AX phosphorylation patterns by multiple kinases including ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:91-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Mathijs K, Brauers KJJ, Jennen DGJ, Lizarraga D, Kleinjans JCS, van Delft JHM. Gene expression profiling in primary mouse hepatocytes discriminates true from false-positive genotoxic compounds. Mutagenesis 2010; 25:561-8. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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16
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Yang X, Zou P, Yao J, Yun D, Bao H, Du R, Long J, Chen X. Proteomic dissection of cell type-specific H2AX-interacting protein complex associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:1402-15. [PMID: 20000738 DOI: 10.1021/pr900932y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The replacement histone variant H2AX senses DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and recruits characteristic sets of proteins at its phosphorylated (gamma-H2AX) foci for concurrent DNA repair. We reasoned that the H2AX interaction network, or interactome, formed in the tumor-associated DNA DSB environment such as in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, where preneoplastic lesions frequently occur, is indicative of HCC pathogenic status. By using an in vivo dual-tagging quantitative proteomic method, we identified 102 H2AX-specific interacting partners in HCC cells that stably expressed FLAG-tagged H2AX at close to the endogenous level. Using bioinformatics tools for data-dependent network analysis, we further found binary relationships among these interactors in defined pathway modules, implicating H2AX in a multifunctional role of coordinating a variety of biological pathways involved in DNA damage recognition and DNA repair, apoptosis, nucleic acid metabolism, Ca(2+)-binding signaling, cell cycle, etc. Furthermore, our observations suggest that these pathways interconnect through key pathway components or H2AX interactors. The physiological accuracy of our quantitative proteomic approach in determining H2AX-specific interactors was evaluated by both coimmunoprecipitation/ immunoblotting and confocal colocalization experiments performed on HCC cells. Due to their involvement in diverse functions, the H2AX interactors involved in different pathway modules, such as Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, 14-3-3 zeta, coflin 1, and peflin 1, were examined for their relative H2AX binding affinities in paired hepatocytes and HCC cells. Treatment with the DSB-inducing agent bleomycin enhanced binding of these proteins to H2AX, suggesting an active role of H2AX in coordinating the functional pathways of each protein in DNA damage recognition and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Cruickshank MN, Besant P, Ulgiati D. The impact of histone post-translational modifications on developmental gene regulation. Amino Acids 2010; 39:1087-105. [PMID: 20204433 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic genomic DNA is orderly compacted to fit into the nucleus and to inhibit accessibility of specific sequences. DNA is manipulated in many different ways by bound RNA and proteins within the composite material known as chromatin. All of the biological processes that require access to genomic DNA (such as replication, recombination and transcription) therefore are dependent on the precise characteristics of chromatin in eukaryotes. This distinction underlies a fundamental property of eukaryotic versus prokaryotic gene regulation such that chromatin structure must be regulated to precisely repress or relieve repression of particular regions of the genome in an appropriate spatio-temporal manner. As well as playing a key role in structuring genomic DNA, histones are subject to site-specific modifications that can influence the organization of chromatin structure. This review examines the molecular processes regulating site-specific histone acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation with an emphasis on how these processes underpin differentiation-regulated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N Cruickshank
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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18
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Bhogal N, Jalali F, Bristow RG. Microscopic imaging of DNA repair foci in irradiated normal tissues. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 85:732-46. [PMID: 19296345 DOI: 10.1080/09553000902785791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is now feasible to detect DNA double strand breaks (DSB) in tissues by measuring the induction and resolution of DNA repair foci, such as gamma-H2AX, using immunofluorescent microscopy and digital image analysis. This review will highlight principal tools and approaches to tissue microscopy and analysis. It will also discuss the practical considerations of using microscopy in vitro and in vivo in measuring intranuclear foci following irradiation. CONCLUSIONS Computer-based image analysis algorithms allow an objective and quantitative analysis of foci and protein-protein interactions using 3D confocal images. Finally, we review the literature in which DNA repair foci have been investigated as a biodosimeter or a biomarker of DNA repair in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Bhogal
- Applied Molecular Oncology and Radiation Medicine Program, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Koike M, Sugasawa J, Yasuda M, Koike A. Tissue-specific DNA-PK-dependent H2AX phosphorylation and γ-H2AX elimination after X-irradiation in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 376:52-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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