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Tichy A, Carpenter AD, Li Y, Rydlova G, Rehulka P, Markova M, Milanova M, Chmil V, Cheema AK, Singh VK. Radiation Signature in Plasma Metabolome of Total-Body Irradiated Nonhuman Primates and Clinical Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9208. [PMID: 39273157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, geopolitical instability across the globe has increased the risk of a large-scale radiological event, when radiation biomarkers would be needed for an effective triage of an irradiated population. Ionizing radiation elicits a complex response in the proteome, genome, and metabolome and hence can be leveraged as rapid and sensitive indicators of irradiation-induced damage. We analyzed the plasma of total-body irradiated (TBI) leukemia patients (n = 24) and nonhuman primates (NHPs; n = 10) before and 24 h after irradiation, and we performed a global metabolomic study aiming to provide plasma metabolites as candidate radiation biomarkers for biological dosimetry. Peripheral blood samples were collected according to the appropriate ethical approvals, and metabolites were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. We identified an array of metabolites significantly altered by irradiation, including bilirubin, cholesterol, and 18-hydroxycorticosterone, which were detected in leukemia patients and NHPs. Pathway analysis showed overlapping perturbations in steroidogenesis, porphyrin metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism. Additionally, we observed dysregulation in bile acid biosynthesis and tyrosine metabolism in the TBI patient cohort. This investigation is, to our best knowledge, among the first to provide valuable insights into a comparison between human and NHP irradiation models. The findings from this study could be leveraged for translational biological dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defence, 662 10 Brno, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alana D Carpenter
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Yaoxiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Gabriela Rydlova
- Department of Radiobiology, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defence, 662 10 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rehulka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 01 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Markova
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University Hospital Na Bulovce, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Milanova
- Department of Radiobiology, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defence, 662 10 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Chmil
- Department of Radiobiology, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defence, 662 10 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 2057, USA
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Decrock E, Hoorelbeke D, Ramadan R, Delvaeye T, De Bock M, Wang N, Krysko DV, Baatout S, Bultynck G, Aerts A, Vinken M, Leybaert L. Calcium, oxidative stress and connexin channels, a harmonious orchestra directing the response to radiotherapy treatment? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1099-1120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Does Diacylglycerol Accumulation in Fatty Liver Disease Cause Hepatic Insulin Resistance? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:104132. [PMID: 26273583 PMCID: PMC4529893 DOI: 10.1155/2015/104132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies conducted on obese humans and various rodent models of obesity have identified a correlation between hepatic lipid content and the development of insulin resistance in liver and other tissues. Despite a large body of the literature on this topic, the cause and effect relationship between hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance remains controversial. If, as many believe, lipid aggregation in liver drives insulin resistance and other metabolic abnormalities, there are significant unanswered questions as to which lipid mediators are causative in this cascade. Several published papers have now correlated levels of diacylglycerol (DAG), the penultimate intermediate in triglyceride synthesis, with development of insulin resistance and have postulated that this occurs via activation of protein kinase C signaling. Although many studies have confirmed this relationship, many others have reported a disconnect between DAG content and insulin resistance. It has been postulated that differences in methods for DAG measurement, DAG compartmentalization within the cell, or fatty acid composition of the DAG may explain these discrepancies. The purpose of this review is to compare and contrast some of the relevant findings in this area and to discuss a number of unanswered questions regarding the relationship between DAG and insulin resistance.
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Nakajima T. Positive and negative regulation of radiation-induced apoptosis by protein kinase C. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2008; 49:1-8. [PMID: 17785935 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.07053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Indicators such as clonogenic survival, transformation, and chromosomal aberrations are used to evaluate the effects of radiation on cells. Apoptosis, another such indicator, is a mode of cell death, and radiation-induced apoptosis contributes to eliminating damaged cells and preventing malformation and carcinogenesis. Understanding radiation-induced apoptosis will assist in radiotherapy for cancer and treatment of patients in accidental radiation exposure. Protein kinase C (PKC) is a serine/threonine kinase that is related to cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and apoptosis, and has many roles in the radiation-induced cellular responses involving apoptosis. This review describes the functions of PKC, including its relationship with other signaling networks and oxidative stress in the regulation of radiation-induced apoptosis. Such information might provide clues for evaluating the effects of radiation and for identifying clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Nakajima
- Radiation Effect Mechanisms Research Group, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Japan.
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Pandey B, Lathika K, Mishra K. Modification of radiation-induced oxidative damage in liposomal and microsomal membrane by eugenol. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nakajima T, Yukawa O, Azuma C, Ohyama H, Wang B, Kojima S, Hayata I, Hama-Inaba H. Involvement of Protein Kinase C-Related Anti-apoptosis Signaling in Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in Murine Thymic Lymphoma(3SBH5) Cells. Radiat Res 2004; 161:528-34. [PMID: 15161371 DOI: 10.1667/rr3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC; also known as PRKC) is known to be an important participant in radiation-induced apoptosis. However, its role is not fully clarified. Using 3SBH5 cells, which are radiation-sensitive thymic lymphoma cells, the involvement and functions of PKC were assessed in radiation- induced apoptosis. PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate), a PKC activator, inhibited the radiation-induced apoptosis in 3SBH5 cells. On the other hand, chelerythrine, a PKC inhibitor, potentiated apoptosis. In addition, Gö6976, a classical PKC (cPKC) inhibitor, which specifically inhibits PKC (alpha and betaI), also promoted apoptosis. Interestingly, post-treatment (20 min after irradiation) with Gö6976 had no effect on the radiation-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that cPKC is activated early after irradiation for anti-apoptosis signaling and contributes to the balance between cell survival and death. Indeed, an increase of cPKC activity involving PKC (alpha, betaI and betaII) was observed in the cytosolic fraction 3 min after irradiation with 0.5 Gy. However, no translocation of cPKC was observed in the cells after irradiation. Our findings indicate that activation of cPKC (alpha or beta) soon after irradiation is critical to the understanding of the regulation of radiation-induced apoptosis in radiation-sensitive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Nakajima
- Research Center for Radiation Safety, National Institute of Radiological, Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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Cataldi A, Miscia S, Centurione L, Rapino M, Bosco D, Grifone G, Valerio VD, Garaci F, Rana R. Role of nuclear PKC delta in mediating caspase-3-upregulation in Jurkat T leukemic cells exposed to ionizing radiation. J Cell Biochem 2003; 86:553-60. [PMID: 12210761 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The response of Jurkat T cells to ionizing radiation (IR) includes cell cycle arrest and DNA damage, which lead to the occurrence of apoptosis. Here, we try to elucidate some of the early intracellular signals which control the induction of such a process upon IR exposure, addressing to examine the specific role of several PKC isoforms (delta, epsilon, zeta) and their subcellular distribution. Attention has been focused on the connections between nuclear PKC delta activation and the expression of cell death regulators (Bcl-2 family proteins Bad, Bax and Bcl-2) and cell death effector caspase-3 (CPP32) which lead to the cleavage of cytoskeletal and nuclear proteins and induction of apoptosis. Altogether these results let us to conclude that PKC delta, potentiating the pro-apoptotic effect of caspase 3, plays a key role in the cellular response to IR and thus can be considered a molecular target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Biomorfologia, Università G.D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy.
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Zhang QM. Role of the Escherichia coli and human DNA glycosylases that remove 5-formyluracil from DNA in the prevention of mutations. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2001; 42:11-19. [PMID: 11393886 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.42.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation induces a wide variety of modifications to purine and pyrimidine residues. The exocyclic methyl group of thymine does not escape oxidative damage. Any 5-hydroperoxymethyluracil produced is spontaneously decomposed to form 5-formyluracil (5-foU) and 5-hydroxymethyluracil. The yield of 5-foU by ionizing radiation is roughly the same as that of 8-oxoguanine. 5-foU is a potential mutagenic damage in vitro and in vivo. Mammalian cells have an activity that removes 5-foU from X-irradiated DNA. Furthermore, the Nth, Nei and MutM proteins of E. coli have DNA glycosylase/AP lyase activities that recognize and remove 5-foU in DNA. The mutation frequency of 5-foU-containing plasmid increases when replicated in E. coli nthneimutMalkA. Single mutations in the nth, nei or mutM gene do not affect the mutation frequency. Therefore, these gene products are likely backup enzymes used to repair 5-foU in DNA. Furthermore, the human hNTH1 enzyme, a homologue of E. coli Nth, is found to have similar DNA glycosylase activity to that of the Nth protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q M Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Kapoor S, Mathew R, Huilgol NG, Kagiya TV, Nair CK. Redox reactions of sanazole (AK-2123) in aqueous solutions: a pulse radiolysis study. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2000; 41:355-366. [PMID: 11329884 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.41.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The redox chemistry of sanazole, an efficient hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, generally referred to as AK-2123, was studied by pulse radiolysis with eaq-, CO2-., 2-propanol radicals and CH2OH radicals. AK-2123 reacts with eaq-, CO2-. and 2-propanol radicals at almost diffusion-controlled rates, producing a nitro radical anion (lambda max = 290 nm) within a few microseconds. The decay kinetics of the radical anion was independent of the pH. The radical anion reacts with oxygen with a rate constant of 3.4 x 10(6) dm3 mol-1 s-1. An electron-transfer reaction was observed from the thymine radical anion to AK-2123. From redox equilibria with methyl viologen, the one-electron reduction potential of AK-2123 in aqueous solution, determined by pulse radiolysis, was estimated to be -0.33 +/- 0.02 V vs. NHE. Depletion of intracellular nonprotein thiols did not mitigate the radiosensitizing affect of the hypoxic radiosensitizer, AK-2123.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kapoor
- Radiation Chemistry & Chemical Dynamics Division, Nanavati Hospital, Vile Parle, Mumbai 400 056, India.
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Schmidt-Ullrich RK, Contessa JN, Dent P, Mikkelsen RB, Valerie K, Reardon DB, Bowers G, Lin PS. Molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced accelerated repopulation. RADIATION ONCOLOGY INVESTIGATIONS 2000; 7:321-30. [PMID: 10644055 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6823(1999)7:6<321::aid-roi2>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R K Schmidt-Ullrich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0058, USA.
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