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Ran C, Xiaoyan L, Wenjie Z, Xiaoyang Z, Ying N, Xiaoyong Q, Zhilan Y, Liangzhi X. Chromosomal polymorphisms and susceptibility to menstrual disorders: a retrospective analysis of 24,578 women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 308:1577-1585. [PMID: 37542663 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between the polymorphic variants of chromosomes and menstrual disorders. METHODS The data from our previous retrospective, single-center cohort study were re-analyzed. Women with regular menstruation were included as controls. Women with menstrual cycle abnormalities were subgrouped according to reproductive causes. The frequency of chromosomal polymorphisms was compared between groups. Regression analysis was used to adjust for potential confounding variables. RESULT A total of 24,578 women composed of 8062 women with regular cycles as the control group and 16,516 women as the menstrual cycle irregularity group were included. When compared with the control group, the incidence of chromosomal polymorphisms in the total menstrual cycle irregularity group, Polycystic ovary syndrome group, and Primary ovarian insufficiency group were significantly higher (4.49% versus 5.34%, P = 0.004, 4.49% versus 5.35%, P = 0.018 and 4.49% versus 5.94%, P = 0.002, respectively). The incidences of inv(9) in the Primary ovarian insufficiency group were significantly higher than that in the control individuals (1.0% versus 1.6%, P = 0.024). Logistic regression analysis showed an effect of chromosomal polymorphisms on menstrual cycle irregularity (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.234-2.187, P = 0.007; adjusted OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.153-1.819, P < 0.001). The result demonstrated an effect of chromosomal polymorphisms on the Primary ovarian insufficiency group (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.307-5.177, P < 0.001; adjusted OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.371-4.605, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The study suggests chromosomal polymorphisms adversely affect female menstrual cycle irregularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 20 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo Xiaoyan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 20 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Wenjie
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Xiaoyang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 20 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nie Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 20 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Xiaoyong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 20 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhilan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 20 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Liangzhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 20 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Hoppes E, Rademacher KH, Wilson L, Mahajan TD, Wilson K, Sommer M, Solomon M, Lathrop E. Strengthening Integrated Approaches for Family Planning and Menstrual Health. GLOBAL HEALTH, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2023; 11:e2300080. [PMID: 37903573 PMCID: PMC10615238 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-23-00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
FP and menstrual health integration has the potential to improve individuals' health and well-being. The authors describe potential ways to integrate FP and menstrual health, outlining steps that stakeholders can take in designing integrated approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marni Sommer
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | | | - Eva Lathrop
- Population Services International, Washington, DC, USA
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Rezende GP, Brito LGO, Gomes DAY, de Souza LM, Polo S, Benetti-Pinto CL. Assessing a cut-off point for the diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding using the Menstrual Bleeding Questionnaire (MBQ): a validation and cultural translation study with Brazilian women. SAO PAULO MED J 2023; 142:e2022539. [PMID: 37436255 PMCID: PMC10328441 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0539.r2.100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common condition, and the Menstrual Bleeding Questionnaire (MBQ) is used for its assessment. OBJECTIVES To translate, assess the cut-off point for diagnosis, and explore psychometric properties of the MBQ for use in Brazilian Portuguese. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective cohort study including 200 women (100 with and 100 without AUB) at a tertiary referral center. METHODS MBQ translation involved a pilot-testing phase, instrument adjustment, data collection, and back-translation. Cut-off point was obtained using receiver operating curve analysis. Menstrual patterns, impact on quality of life due to AUB, internal consistency, test-retest, responsiveness, and discriminant validity were assessed. For construct validity, the Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart (PBAC) and World Health Organization Quality of Life - abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF) were applied. RESULTS Women with AUB were older, had higher body mass indices, and had a worse quality of life during menstruation. Regarding the MBQ's psychometric variables, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was > 0.70 in all analyses, high intraclass correlation coefficient was found in both groups; no ceiling and floor effects were observed, and construct validity was demonstrated (correlation between MBQ score, PBAC score, and clinical menstrual cycle data). No difference between MBQ and PBAC scores were perceived after the test-retest. Significant differences were found between MBQ and PBAC scores before and after treatment. An MBQ score ≥ 24 was associated with a high probability of AUB; accuracy of 98%. CONCLUSION The MBQ is a reliable questionnaire for Brazilian women. The cut-off ≥ 24 shows high accuracy to discriminate AUB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pravatta Rezende
- MD, MSc. Attending Physician, Department of Tocogynecology,
School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP),
Campinas (SP), Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Oliveira Brito
- MD, PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Tocogynecology,
School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP),
Campinas (SP), Brazil
| | - Daniela Angerame Yela Gomes
- MD, PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Tocogynecology,
School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP),
Campinas (SP), Brazil
| | - Leticia Mansano de Souza
- Medical Student, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade
Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas (SP), Brazil
| | - Sergio Polo
- Medical Student, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade
Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas (SP), Brazil
| | - Cristina Laguna Benetti-Pinto
- MD, PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Tocogynecology,
School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP),
Campinas (SP), Brazil
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Mesele TT, Ayalew HG, Syoum AT, Antehneh TA. Impact of Dysmenorrhea on Academic Performance Among Haramaya University Undergraduate Regular Students, Eastern Ethiopia. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2022; 4:939035. [PMID: 36303653 PMCID: PMC9580782 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2022.939035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological problem among students. The disease affects students' academic performance, although studies carried out in Ethiopia primarily focused on the prevalence aspects rather than the impacts of dysmenorrhea on academic performance and its associated factors. Therefore, this study focused on the prevalence of the impact of dysmenorrhea on academic performance and its associated factors among undergraduate female students of Haramaya University in eastern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted from February to March 2020. A multistage random sampling technique was applied and a total of 356 students were included in the study. To select students, simple random sampling was used and the sample size was proportionally allocated with respect to the total number of each selected department. A semi-structured and a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire were used. The descriptive result was presented as a proportion whereas the analytic part was presented with an adjusted odds ratio. Result The prevalence of the impact of dysmenorrhea on academic performance was 266 [(74.7%):95%CI (70.0, 79.5%)]. Premenstrual syndrome [AOR = 4.86:95%CI (2.13, 11.06)], early menarche [AOR = 4.89:95%CI (2.03, 11.77)], moderate/severe dysmenorrhea pain intensity [AOR = 8.53:95%CI (4.45, 16.39)], and students monthly pocket money <150ETB [AOR = 3.91:95%CI (1.48, 10.29)] were significantly associated with the occurrence of the impact of dysmenorrhea on academic performance. The most common impacts were difficulty in studying followed by loss of concentration in the class. Conclusion and Recommendation There was a high prevalence of impact of dysmenorrhea on academic performance among undergraduate female students of the Haramaya University. Awareness should be created among Haramaya university authorities and teachers about the academic performance impact of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea pain intensity to provide psychological and academic guidance, and managing mechanisms for the affected students. Haramaya University should also establish medical care for the affected students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiruye Tilahun Mesele
- Department of Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Tiruye Tilahun Mesele
| | - Hiwotie Getaneh Ayalew
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Asmra Tesfahun Syoum
- Department of Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tazeb Alemu Antehneh
- Department of Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Ruan LY, Lai ZZ, Shi JW, Yang HL, Ye JF, Xie F, Qiu XM, Zhu XY, Li MQ. Excess Heme Promotes the Migration and Infiltration of Macrophages in Endometrial Hyperplasia Complicated with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060849. [PMID: 35740976 PMCID: PMC9221196 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients, endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is often accompanied by abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), which is prone to release large amounts of heme. However, the role of excess heme in the migration and infiltration of immune cells in EH complicated by AUB remains unknown. In this study, 45 patients with AUB were divided into three groups: a proliferative phase group (n = 15), a secretory phase group (n = 15) and EH (n = 15). We observed that immune cell subpopulations were significantly different among the three groups, as demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis. Of note, there was a higher infiltration of total immune cells and macrophages in the endometrium of patients with EH. Heme up-regulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) in vitro, as well as chemokine (e.g., CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CXCL8) levels. Additionally, stimulation with heme led to the increased recruitment of THP-1 cells in an indirect EEC-THP-1 co-culture unit. These data suggest that sustained and excessive heme in patients with AUB may recruit macrophages by increasing the levels of several chemokines, contributing to the accumulation and infiltration of macrophages in the endometrium of EH patients, and the key molecules of heme metabolism, HO-1 and Nrf2, are also involved in this regulatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yu Ruan
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China;
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China; (Z.-Z.L.); (J.-W.S.); (H.-L.Y.)
| | - Zhen-Zhen Lai
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China; (Z.-Z.L.); (J.-W.S.); (H.-L.Y.)
| | - Jia-Wei Shi
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China; (Z.-Z.L.); (J.-W.S.); (H.-L.Y.)
| | - Hui-Li Yang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China; (Z.-Z.L.); (J.-W.S.); (H.-L.Y.)
| | - Jiang-Feng Ye
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore;
| | - Feng Xie
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical and Intrauterine Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Correspondence: (F.X.); (X.-M.Q.); (X.-Y.Z.); (M.-Q.L.)
| | - Xue-Min Qiu
- Clinical Research Center, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Correspondence: (F.X.); (X.-M.Q.); (X.-Y.Z.); (M.-Q.L.)
| | - Xiao-Yong Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Correspondence: (F.X.); (X.-M.Q.); (X.-Y.Z.); (M.-Q.L.)
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China;
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China; (Z.-Z.L.); (J.-W.S.); (H.-L.Y.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Correspondence: (F.X.); (X.-M.Q.); (X.-Y.Z.); (M.-Q.L.)
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Mesele TT, Dheresa M, Oljira L, Wakwoya EB, Gemeda GM. Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and Associated Factors Among Haramaya University Students, Eastern Ethiopia. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:517-527. [PMID: 35440875 PMCID: PMC9013413 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s333447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological problem among adolescents and a common cause of school absenteeism. Previously, there was no study conducted on prevalence of dysmenorrhea and associated factors among university students in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess prevalence and associated factors of dysmenorrhea among Haramaya university undergraduate regular students in Eastern Ethiopia. Materials and Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from February to March 2020. A multistage random sampling technique was applied and a total of 569 participants were included into the study. The total sample size was proportionally allocated based on the total number of students in each departments, and simple random sampling technique was employed to select participants. The data were entered to EPI‑info version 3.5.4 and then exported to Statistical Package for Social Science version 23.0 software for analysis. The associations between independent variables and outcome variable were explored using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models. The results of these analysis were reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in this study was 356 (64.7%) 95% CI [60.7%, 68.7%]. Premenstrual syndrome (AOR = 5.20:95% CI [2.82, 9.61]), early menarche (AOR = 4.67:95% CI [2.33, 9.37]), history of anxiety (AOR = 4.08:95% CI [2.31, 7.19]), taking of ≥4 glass of tea per day (AOR = 5.69:95% CI [1.49, 21.77]), usually eating fat and oil (AOR = 2.03:95% CI [1.15, 3.59]) and usual use of meat food (AOR = 3.61:95% CI [2.03, 6.39]) were positively and independently associated with the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. Conclusion Dysmenorrhea was a common problem among Haramaya University female students. History of anxiety, early menarche, premenstrual syndrome, tea consumption, usual use of fat and oil containing food and usual use of meat food were significantly associated to dysmenorrhea. We recommend Haramaya University to provide accessible and appropriate medical treatment and counseling service for dysmenorrhea affected students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiruye Tilahun Mesele
- School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Merga Dheresa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
| | - Lemessa Oljira
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
| | - Elias Bekele Wakwoya
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Getu Megersa Gemeda
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
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Saei Ghare Naz M, Rostami Dovom M, Ramezani Tehrani F. The Menstrual Disturbances in Endocrine Disorders: A Narrative Review. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2020; 18:e106694. [PMID: 33613678 PMCID: PMC7887462 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.106694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Menstrual cycle is considered the fifth vital sign among women. This study aimed to summarize the menstrual disturbances in different endocrine disorders. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION In this narrative review, relevant studies (up to December 2019) were searched based on the MeSH keywords diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, Cushing's syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, menstrual cycle, uterine bleeding, and menstruation. Databases used for searching articles included Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of science for observational, experimental, and review studies. RESULTS Endocrine disorders trigger the onset of menstrual disturbance across the reproductive lifespan of women. Endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, and ovaries) have a functional role in endocrine regulation of the menstrual cycle. According to available evidence, oligomenorrhea (cycles longer than 35 days) is the most common menstrual disturbance among endocrine disorders (thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome, Cushing's syndrome, and diabetes). Complex endocrine pathways play an essential role in a women's menstrual calendar. CONCLUSIONS The menstrual cycle length and amount of bleeding can be indicative of endocrine disorders. Further studies are needed to identify the unknowns about the association between endocrine disorders and the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rostami Dovom
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Su S, Yang X, Su Q, Zhao Y. Prevalence and knowledge of heavy menstrual bleeding among gynecology outpatients by scanning a WeChat QR Code. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229123. [PMID: 32240178 PMCID: PMC7117654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess menstrual blood loss (MBL) and knowledge of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) among the gynecology outpatients at Peking University People’s Hospital, by scanning a WeChat (a social media application software developed by Tencent) QR Code using a mobile phone or tablet. This survey was conducted among outpatients who were treated at the Gynecology Department of Peking University People’s Hospital between September 2016 and November 2016. All participants filled up the questionnaires and scales through WeChat: general information questionnaire, Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart (PBAC), Menorrhagia Multi-Attribute Quality-of-Life Scale (MMAS), and HMB knowledge questionnaire. Menstrual blood volume was assessed by the PBAC and self-assessment. Among the 1152 patients who filled out the survey, 77.4% (892/1152) had normal menstrual cycle (assessed by the patients), 15.6% (180/1152) patients described themselves as HMB, whereas the results from PBAC showed that 58.0% (668/1152) had HMB (PBAC ≥100). Among patients with PBAC ≥100, only 26.8% (179/668) patients reported HMB through self-assessment. Regarding its impact on daily life, the MMAS scores of HMB patients (PBAC ≥100) were significantly lower compared to those with normal blood loss (P<0.001). Regarding the awareness to HMB, 63.2% (728/1152) of the patients were not familiar with HMB. HMB is a common abnormal uterine bleeding and is frequently found among Chinese gynecology outpatients. HMB has major impacts on a woman’s quality of life, affecting both physical and emotional health domains. Since women generally have low levels of awareness and understanding of HMB, they could assess their blood loss using the PBAC, which they can forward to their health care provider using a mobile phone or tablet and the WeChat platform. This tool may be effortlessly used by the health care providers and patients to easily share HMB-related data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Nan’an Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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Chen BA, Eisenberg DL, Schreiber CA, Turok DK, Olariu AI, Creinin MD. Bleeding changes after levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine system insertion for contraception in women with self-reported heavy menstrual bleeding. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 222:S888.e1-S888.e6. [PMID: 31866516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.11.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine system has proven efficacy for heavy menstrual bleeding treatment in clinical trials, but few data exist to demonstrate how rapidly the effects occur and the effects in women with self-reported heavy bleeding, as seen commonly in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE Evaluate changes in bleeding patterns in women with self-reported heavy menstrual bleeding before levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine system insertion. STUDY DESIGN A total of 1714 women aged 16-45 years old received a levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine system in a multicenter trial evaluating contraceptive efficacy and safety for up to 10 years. At screening, participants described their baseline menstrual bleeding patterns for the previous 3 months. Participants completed daily diaries with subjective evaluation of bleeding information for the first 2 years. For this analysis, we included women with at least 1 complete 28-day cycle of intrauterine system use and excluded women using a hormonal or copper intrauterine contraception in the month prior to study enrollment. We evaluated changes in menstrual bleeding and discontinuation for bleeding complaints per 28-day cycle over 26 cycles (2 years) in women who self-reported their baseline pattern as heavy. We also compared rates of amenorrhea, defined as no bleeding or spotting, within the entire study population in women with subjective heavy menstrual bleeding at baseline compared with those who did not complain of heavy menstrual bleeding. RESULTS Of the 1513 women in this analysis, 150 (9.9%) reported baseline heavy menstrual bleeding. The majority of women reported no longer experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding by the end of cycle 1 (112/150, 74.7%) with even greater rates by cycle 2 (124/148, 83.8%). At the end of cycles 6, 13, and 26, 129 of 140 (92.1%; 95% confidence interval, 87.7%-96.6%), 114 of 123 (92.7%; 95% confidence interval, 88.1%-97.3%), and 100 of 103 (97.1%; 95% confidence interval, 93.8%-100%) women reported no heavy menstrual bleeding, respectively. After cycles 13 and 26, 63 of 123 (51.2%; 95% confidence interval, 42.4%-60.1%) and 66 of 103 (64.1%; 95% confidence interval, 54.8%-73.3%), respectively, reported their bleeding as amenorrhea or spotting only. A lower proportion of women with baseline self-reported heavy menstrual bleeding reported amenorrhea as compared with women in the overall study cohort without heavy menstrual bleeding at the end of 6 cycles (319 [25.5%] vs 21 [15.0%], P=.005) and 13 cycles (382 [34.4%] vs 26 [21.1%], P=.003); differences were not significant after 19 cycles (367 [37.2%] vs 36 [31.0%], P=.022) and 26 cycles (383 [43.5%] vs 38 [36.9%], P=.21). Only 4 (2.7%) women with baseline heavy menstrual bleeding discontinued for bleeding complaints (2 for heavy menstrual bleeding and 2 for irregular bleeding), all within the first year. CONCLUSION Most women who self-report heavy menstrual bleeding experience significant improvement quickly after levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine system insertion. Discontinuation for bleeding complaints among women with baseline heavy menstrual bleeding is very low.
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Singh K, Agarwal C, Pujani M, Raychaudhuri S, Sharma N, Chauhan V, Chawla R, Ahuja R, Singh M. A Clinicopathological Correlation of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics's PALM-COEIN Classification of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: Indian Scenario. J Midlife Health 2019; 10:147-152. [PMID: 31579169 PMCID: PMC6767954 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_128_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common problem affecting the women of reproductive age group and may also have a significant impact on their physical, social, and emotional aspects directly affecting their quality of life. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) devised a universally acceptable system of nomenclature and classification, namely PALM-COEIN classification of AUB in the year 2011. The objective of the present study was to analyze the structural (PALM) and functional (COEIN) component of FIGO system in the Indian scenario. Materials and Methods Three hundred patients with complaints of AUB were taken. A clinical diagnosis according to PALM-COEIN system was made after thorough history and clinical examination. Additional investigations if required were done, and endometrial sampling or hysterectomy was done whichever indicated. A histological diagnosis was made, and each case was allocated a category according to PALM-COEIN classification. A clinicopathological correlation was done in the hysterectomy cases for structural causes (PALM). Results Leiomyoma (30%) was the most common cause of AUB closely followed by adenomyosis (29.66%) overall. The clinicopathological correlation in hysterectomy cases was good with concordance rate of 85.03%. The concordance between clinical and pathological diagnoses for AUB-L, AUB-A, AUB-M, and AUB-A, L was statistically significant with P < 05 in positive cases. However, additional finding of adenomyosis was diagnosed in 48.2% of the cases apart from primary clinical diagnosis. Conclusion A good clinicopathological correlation was seen in the cases when classified according to PALM-COEIN classification. The system also provides for consideration of multiple etiologies contributing toward AUB both clinically and histopathologically. However, histopathology remains the cornerstone in establishing the accurate diagnosis as the cases without specific symptoms can be missed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Singh
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Charu Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Mukta Pujani
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | | | - Nimisha Sharma
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Varsha Chauhan
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Raina Chawla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Rashmi Ahuja
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Mitasha Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Khodabakhsh M, Mahmoudinia M, Mousavi Bazaz M, Hamedi SS, Hoseini SS, Feyzabadi Z, Shokri S, Ayati S. The effect of plantain syrup on heavy menstrual bleeding: A randomized triple blind clinical trial. Phytother Res 2019; 34:118-125. [PMID: 31486196 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Given the importance of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), we investigated the effect of plantain syrup on HMB. This randomized clinical trial was performed on 68 women with HMB who were referred to the traditional medicine clinics of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The intervention group received placebo capsule and plantain syrup, whereas the control group received mefenamic acid capsule and placebo syrup in the first 5 days of menstruation for three menstruation cycles. Patients were asked to complete pictorial blood assessment chart one cycle before the intervention and three intervention cycles. Hemoglobin was measured at the beginning and at the end of the study. The results showed that the bleeding duration and severity diminished in both groups. No significant difference was observed between two groups in severity of bleeding after intervention (Cohen's d = .24), but duration of bleeding in mefenamic acid group was reduced significantly in comparison with plantain group (Cohen's d = .57). Although mean hemoglobin alterations in mefenamic acid group had a significant difference before and after the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in mean hemoglobin alterations postintervention. Plantain syrup could be suggested as a complementary treatment for HMB, but further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Khodabakhsh
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maliheh Mahmoudinia
- Department of Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mousavi Bazaz
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shokouh Sadat Hamedi
- Department of Persian Pharmacy, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyede Samaneh Hoseini
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zohre Feyzabadi
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shokri
- Persian Medicine Department, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Ayati
- Department of Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Lunardi Rocha AL, Cristina França Ferreira M, Mara Lamaita R, Batista Cândido E, Mendonça Carneiro M, Lopes da Silva-Filho A. Heavy menstrual bleeding: a global survey of health care practitioners’ perceptions. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2018; 23:288-294. [DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2018.1483018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Lunardi Rocha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Rívia Mara Lamaita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Batista Cândido
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Márcia Mendonça Carneiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Shubham D, Kawthalkar AS. Critical evaluation of the PALM-COEIN classification system among women with abnormal uterine bleeding in low-resource settings. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2017; 141:217-221. [PMID: 29139552 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of the PALM-COEIN system for the classification of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in low-resource settings and to suggest modifications. METHODS A prospective study was conducted among women with AUB who were admitted to the gynecology ward of a tertiary care hospital and research center in central India between November 2014 and October 2016. All patients were managed as per department protocols. The causes of AUB were classified before treatment using the PALM-COEIN system (classification I) and on the basis of the histopathology reports of the hysterectomy specimens (classification II); the results were compared using classification II as the gold standard. RESULTS The study included 200 women with AUB; hysterectomy was performed in 174 women. Preoperative classification of AUB per the PALM-COEIN system was correct in 130 (65.0%) women. Adenomyosis (evaluated by transvaginal ultrasonography) and endometrial hyperplasia (evaluated by endometrial curettage) were underdiagnosed. CONCLUSION The PALM-COEIN classification system helps in deciding the best treatment modality for women with AUB on a case-by-case basis. The incorporation of suggested modifications will further strengthen its utility as a pretreatment classification system in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Shubham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
| | - Anjali S Kawthalkar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
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Saadia Z, Farrukh R, Rasool MG. Efficacy of Foley's Catheter and the Effect of Histopathology, Age and Endometrial Thickness Relative to the Measured Outcomes in Menorrhagia. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:QC05-QC09. [PMID: 28892979 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26639.10271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Menorrhagia adversely affects the quality of life. Hysterectomy is the definitive treatment for menorrhagia however, a number of conservative alternatives are available. AIM Hysterectomy is the definitive treatment for menorrhagia however, a number of conservative alternatives are available. A thermal balloon is an effective but costly option. We used a Foley's catheter as an alternative to commercially available thermal balloons. If effective, it will provide a cheap alternative to the thermal balloon. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Foley's catheter was placed in the uterine cavity for 10 minutes using 0.9% saline. The measured outcomes were amenorrhea, eumenorrhea, oligomenorrhea or failure of the therapy. Endometrial thickness, age and endometrial biopsy results were also measured to determine if these variables had any effects on the outcome. RESULTS Out of the total 42 participants, nearly half had amenorrhea (42.9%, n=18). Furthermore, 28.6% had oligomenorrhea (n=12) and 26.2% experienced eumenorrhea (n=11). Only one participant failed to respond (2.4%, n=1). There were no differences in outcomes between the different forms of histopathology. This means that thermal balloon therapy is effective in causing amenorrhea. No significant relationships existed between participants' measured outcomes and a model containing predictor variables (age and endometrial thickness), R=0.313, R2=0.098, p=0.141. CONCLUSION A Foley's catheter is effective with reasonable measured outcomes in cases of menorrhagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheera Saadia
- Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robina Farrukh
- Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Ghulam Rasool
- Medical Officer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Knowledge of Latin American Obstetricians and Gynecologists regarding Heavy Menstrual Bleeding. Obstet Gynecol Int 2016; 2016:6870679. [PMID: 27648073 PMCID: PMC5014946 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6870679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common gynecological complaint affecting quality of life. Objectives. To assess knowledge on diagnosis and treatments of HMB of Latin American (LA) obstetricians and gynecologists (OBGYNs). Methods. A survey was conducted during a scientific meeting, organized to provide updated information on topics of reproductive medicine to OBGYNs from 12 LA countries who were invited to respond to a multiple-choice questionnaire. Results. Of the 210 OBGYNs participating in the survey, from 169 (80.4%) to 203 (96.7%) answered the questions. Most respondents (80%) gave accurate answers regarding the amount of blood loss which defines HMB, underreported the proportion of women who consulted due to HMB, and were aware that the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) with ethynyl estradiol is not an adequate treatment in women with HMB. Female OBGYNs and those who worked in the private sector were more prone to report a higher possibility of improvement of HMB with a COC that contained estradiol valerate and dienogest or with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Conclusions. In general, the respondents were aware of the importance of HMB in gynecological practice and of the new medical treatments and underreported the proportion of women who consulted due to HMB.
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Trivedi N, Chauhan N, Vaidya V. Effectiveness and safety of dydrogesterone in regularization of menstrual cycle: a post-marketing study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:667-671. [PMID: 26950060 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2016.1152238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of dydrogesterone during second half of menstrual cycle has been shown to reduce menstrual irregularities. This prospective, observational study aimed to determine continued effectiveness of dydrogesterone (prescribed between 1 and 6 cycles or longer) in menstrual cycle regularization in Indian women aged ≥18 years with irregular menstrual cycle for at least 3 months. Those achieving regular cycles (21 to 35 days, inclusive) during treatment were followed up for 6 months after cessation of dydrogesterone treatment. Of the 910 women completing dydrogesterone treatment, 880 (96.7%) achieved cycle regularization (p<0.0001 for 90% success rate) at end of treatment (EOT). Of the 788 subjects available for follow up at 6 months, 747 (94.8%) reported cycle regularity (p<0.0001 for 90% success rate). At EOT, the mean cycle duration reduced by 16.14 (±24.04) days and mean amount of menstrual bleeding decreased by 0.45 (±1.20) pads/day. While five subjects reported worst pain at baseline, none experienced it at EOT. One serious adverse event (appendicitis) and three non-serious adverse events were reported. Dydrogesterone regularizes and improves the duration of the menstrual cycle, reduces the amount of bleeding, relieves menstrual pain and prevents relapse of irregular cycles at six months after discontinuation of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naveen Chauhan
- b Abbott India Ltd., Business Park, Model Industrial Colony, Goregaon (E) , Mumbai, Maharashtra , India
| | - Vishal Vaidya
- b Abbott India Ltd., Business Park, Model Industrial Colony, Goregaon (E) , Mumbai, Maharashtra , India
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Javan R, Yousefi M, Nazari SM, Amiri P, Mosavi-Jarrahi A, Modiramani P, Naghedi-Baghdar H. Herbal Medicines in Idiopathic Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: A Systematic Review. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1584-1591. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Javan
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Traditional and Complementary Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mahdi Yousefi
- Faculty of Traditional and Complementary Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed-Mohammad Nazari
- Faculty of Traditional and Complementary Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Parastoo Amiri
- Iranian Research on Healthy Aging (IRCHA); Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences; Sabzevar Iran
| | - Alireza Mosavi-Jarrahi
- Department of Health and Community Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Hamideh Naghedi-Baghdar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Traditional and Complementary Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Töz E, Sancı M, Özcan A, Beyan E, İnan AH. Comparison of classic terminology with the FIGO PALM-COEIN system for classification of the underlying causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2016; 133:325-8. [PMID: 26952349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare classic terminology and the PALM-COEIN (polyp, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, malignancy and hyperplasia, coagulopathy, ovulatory disorders, endometrium, iatrogenic, and not classified) classification system among women who underwent surgery for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), and to subclassify the components of the PALM group for future studies. METHODS In a retrospective study, data were obtained for nonpregnant women aged 18-55years who underwent hysterectomy, myomectomy, or polypectomy for AUB at a center in Turkey in 2014. The patients were retrospectively classified according to the PALM-COEIN system, and the two terminologies were compared. RESULTS A total of 471 women were included. The term "hypermenorrhea" covered 15 different pathology combinations, "menorrhagia" nine, "metrorrhagia" 14, and "menometrorrhagia" 18. Of 92 patients with polyp, 5 (5.4%) had two polyps and 1 (1.1%) had three. Of 146 patients with adenomyosis, 131 (89.7%) had diffuse adenomyosis and 12 (8.2%) had adenomyoma. Of 309 patients with myoma uteri, 108 (34.9%) had submucous myoma and 201 (65.1%) had other types of myoma. CONCLUSION Classic terminology for AUB is insufficient and confusing with respect to etiologic pathologies among nonpregnant women of reproductive age. Widespread adoption of the PALM-COEIN system for AUB classification will facilitate more meaningful communication among both clinicians and investigators, and clarify the populations that should be evaluated in clinical trials, thereby enhancing communication with patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Töz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Izmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Muzaffer Sancı
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Izmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aykut Özcan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Izmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emrah Beyan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Izmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman H İnan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Izmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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Chen YJ, Li YT, Huang BS, Yen MS, Sheu BC, Chow SN, Wang PH. Medical treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 54:483-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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