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Li Y, Wood TK, Zhang W, Li C. Purine metabolism regulates Vibrio splendidus persistence associated with protein aggresome formation and intracellular tetracycline efflux. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1127018. [PMID: 37007472 PMCID: PMC10060992 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1127018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A small subpopulation of Vibrio splendidus AJ01 that was exposed to tetracycline at 10 times the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) still survived, named tetracycline-induced persister cells in our previous work. However, the formation mechanisms of persister is largely unknown. Here, we investigated tetracycline-induced AJ01 persister cells by transcriptome analysis and found that the purine metabolism pathway was significantly downregulated, which was consistent with lower levels of ATP, purine, and purine derivatives in our metabolome analysis. Inhibition of the purine metabolism pathway by 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP, inhibits ATP production), increased persister cell formation and accompanied with the decreasing intracellular ATP levels and increasing cells with protein aggresome. On the other hand, the persister cells had reduced intracellular tetracycline concentrations and higher membrane potential after 6-MP treatment. Inhibition of the membrane potential by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone reversed 6-MP-induced persistence and resulted in higher levels of intracellular tetracycline accumulation. Meanwhile, cells with 6-MP treatment increased the membrane potential by dissipating the transmembrane proton pH gradient, which activated efflux to decrease the intracellular tetracycline concentration. Together, our findings show that reduction of purine metabolism regulates AJ01 persistence and is associated with protein aggresome formation and intracellular tetracycline efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Thomas K. Wood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Chenghua Li,
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2
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Ogawa A, Kojima F, Miyake Y, Yoshimura M, Ishijima N, Iyoda S, Sekine Y, Yamanaka Y, Yamamoto K. Regulation of constant cell elongation and Sfm pili synthesis in Escherichia coli via two active forms of FimZ orphan response regulator. Genes Cells 2022; 27:657-674. [PMID: 36057789 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) has multiple copies of the chaperone-usher (CU) pili operon in five fimbria groups: CU pili, curli, type IV pili, type III secretion pili, and type IV secretion pili. Commensal E. coli K-12 contains 12 CU pili operons. Among these operons, Sfm is expressed by the sfmACDHF operon. Transcriptome analyses, reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR analyses reported that FimZ directly binds to and activates the sfmA promoter, transcribing sfmACDHF. In addition, FimZ regularly induces constant cell elongation in E. coli, which is required for F-type ATPase function. The bacterial two-hybrid system showed a specific interaction between FimZ and the α subunit of the cytoplasmic F1 domain of F-type ATPase. Studies performed using mutated FimZs have revealed two active forms, I and II. Active form I is required for constant cell elongation involving amino acid residues K106 and D109. Active form II additionally required D56, a putative phosphorylation site, to activate the sfmA promoter. The chromosomal fimZ was hardly expressed in parent strain but functioned in phoB and phoP double-gene knockout strains. These insights may help to understand bacterial invasion restricted host environments by the sfm γ-type pili.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Ogawa
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumika Kojima
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Miyake
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
- Microbial Physiology Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Miho Yoshimura
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomi Ishijima
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sunao Iyoda
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sekine
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamanaka
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
- Nippon Dental University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Kumar R, Kane H, Wang Q, Hibberd A, Jensen HM, Kim HS, Bak SY, Auzanneau I, Bry S, Christensen N, Friedman A, Rasinkangas P, Ouwehand AC, Forssten SD, Hasselwander O. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Species of Genus Akkermansia with Metabolic Health Effects in a Diet-Induced Obesity Mouse Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132084. [PMID: 35805168 PMCID: PMC9265676 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila is a well-known bacterium with the ability to degrade mucin. This metabolic capability is believed to play an important role in the colonization of this bacterium in the gut. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a novel Akkermansia sp. DSM 33459 isolated from human feces of a healthy donor. Phylogenetic analysis based on the genome-wide average nucleotide identity indicated that the Akkermansia sp. DSM 33459 has only 87.5% similarity with the type strain A. muciniphila ATCC BAA-835. Akkermansia sp. DSM 33459 showed significant differences in its fatty acid profile and carbon utilization as compared to the type strain. The Akkermansia sp. DSM 33459 strain was tested in a preclinical obesity model to determine its effect on metabolic markers. Akkermansia sp. DSM 33459 showed significant improvement in body weight, total fat weight, and resistin and insulin levels. Interestingly, these effects were more pronounced with the live form as compared to a pasteurized form of the strain. The strain showed production of agmatine, suggesting a potential novel mechanism for supporting metabolic and cognitive health. Based on its phenotypic features and phylogenetic position, it is proposed that this isolate represents a novel species in the genus Akkermansia and a promising therapeutic candidate for the management of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kumar
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Inc. (IFF), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (H.K.); (Q.W.); (H.-S.K.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-302-379-4738
| | - Helene Kane
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Inc. (IFF), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (H.K.); (Q.W.); (H.-S.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Qiong Wang
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Inc. (IFF), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (H.K.); (Q.W.); (H.-S.K.); (A.F.)
| | | | - Henrik Max Jensen
- Health & Biosciences, IFF, 8220 Brabrand, Denmark; (H.M.J.); (S.Y.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Hye-Sook Kim
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Inc. (IFF), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (H.K.); (Q.W.); (H.-S.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Steffen Yde Bak
- Health & Biosciences, IFF, 8220 Brabrand, Denmark; (H.M.J.); (S.Y.B.); (N.C.)
| | | | - Stéphanie Bry
- Health & Biosciences, IFF, 86270 Dange, France; (I.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Niels Christensen
- Health & Biosciences, IFF, 8220 Brabrand, Denmark; (H.M.J.); (S.Y.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Andrew Friedman
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Inc. (IFF), Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (H.K.); (Q.W.); (H.-S.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Pia Rasinkangas
- Health & Biosciences, IFF, 02460 Kantvik, Finland; (P.R.); (A.C.O.); (S.D.F.)
| | - Arthur C. Ouwehand
- Health & Biosciences, IFF, 02460 Kantvik, Finland; (P.R.); (A.C.O.); (S.D.F.)
| | - Sofia D. Forssten
- Health & Biosciences, IFF, 02460 Kantvik, Finland; (P.R.); (A.C.O.); (S.D.F.)
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4
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James A, Ke H, Yao T, Wang Y. The Role of Probiotics in Purine Metabolism, Hyperuricemia and Gout: Mechanisms and Interventions. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1904412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armachius James
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
- Rizhao HUAWEI Institute of Comprehensive Health Industries, Rizhao, China
| | - Hengming Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Centre, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Ting Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
- Rizhao HUAWEI Institute of Comprehensive Health Industries, Rizhao, China
| | - Yousheng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
- Rizhao HUAWEI Institute of Comprehensive Health Industries, Rizhao, China
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Identification of Z nucleotides as an ancient signal for two-component system activation in bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:33530-33539. [PMID: 33318202 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006209117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-component systems (TCSs) in bacteria are molecular circuits that allow the perception of and response to diverse stimuli. These signaling circuits rely on phosphoryl-group transfers between transmitter and receiver domains of sensor kinase and response regulator proteins, and regulate several cellular processes in response to internal or external cues. Phosphorylation, and thereby activation, of response regulators has been demonstrated to occur by their cognate histidine kinases but also by low molecular weight phosphodonors such as acetyl phosphate and carbamoyl phosphate. Here, we present data indicating that the intermediates of the de novo syntheses of purines and histidine, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl 5'-monophosphate (ZMP) and/or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl 5'-triphosphate (ZTP), activate the response regulator UvrY, by promoting its autophosphorylation at the conserved aspartate at position 54. Moreover, these Z nucleotides are shown to also activate the nonrelated response regulators ArcA, CpxR, RcsB, and PhoQ. We propose that ZMP and/or ZTP act as alarmones for a wide range of response regulators in vivo, providing a novel mechanism by which they could impact gene expression in response to metabolic cues.
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6
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Mosier-Boss PA, Sorensen KC, George RD, Sims PC, Obraztsova A. Surface enhanced Raman scattering of bacteria using capped and uncapped silver nanoparticles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 242:118742. [PMID: 32717522 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of bacteria were obtained using citrate (capped) and borohydride (uncapped) generated silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs).The observed differences in SERS spectra are attributed to the manner in which these Ag NPs interact with bacteria. Capped Ag NPs are able to partition through the surface polysaccharides of the bacterial cell to bind to the inner and outer cell membranes, as well as the periplasmic space between them. The resultant spectra show contributions due to the components of the cell envelope and cellular secretions. Uncapped Ag NPs are unable to partition through the polysaccharide outer structures of the cells. Spectral features observed for these uncapped Ag NPs are secretions primarily due to the metabolites of purine degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Mosier-Boss
- GEC, 5101B Backlick Rd., Annandale, VA 22003, United States of America.
| | - K C Sorensen
- Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152, United States of America
| | - R D George
- Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152, United States of America
| | - P C Sims
- Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152, United States of America
| | - A Obraztsova
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America
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7
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Staphylococcus aureus Preferentially Liberates Inorganic Phosphate from Organophosphates in Environments where This Nutrient Is Limiting. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:JB.00264-20. [PMID: 32868400 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00264-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate is an essential nutrient that Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogens must acquire from the host during infection. While inorganic monophosphate (Pi) is the preferred source of this nutrient, bacteria can also obtain it from phosphate-containing organic molecules. The Pi-responsive regulator PhoPR is necessary for S. aureus to cause infection, suggesting that Pi is not freely available during infection and that this nutrient must be obtained from other sources. However, the organophosphates from which S. aureus can obtain phosphate are unknown. We evaluated the ability of 58 phosphorus-containing molecules to serve as phosphate sources for S. aureus Forty-six of these compounds, including phosphorylated amino acids, sugars, and nucleotides, supported growth. Among the organophosphate sources was glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), which is commonly found in the mammalian host. Differing from the model organism Escherichia coli, S. aureus does not import G3P intact to obtain Pi Instead, S. aureus relies on the phosphatase PhoB to release Pi from G3P, which is subsequently imported by Pi transporters. To determine if this strategy is used by S. aureus to extract phosphate from other phosphate sources, we assessed the ability of PhoB- and Pi transporter-deficient strains to grow on the same library of phosphorus-containing molecules. Sixty percent of the substrates (28/46) relied on the PhoB/Pi transporter pathway, and an additional 10/46 (22%) were PhoB independent but still required Pi transport through the Pi transporters. Cumulatively, these results suggest that in Pi-limited environments, S. aureus preferentially generates Pi from organophosphates and then relies on Pi transporters to import this nutrient.IMPORTANCE For bacteria, the preferred form of the essential nutrient phosphate is inorganic monophosphate (Pi), but phosphate can also be extracted from a variety of phosphocompounds. Pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, experience Pi limitation within the host, suggesting that the use of alternative phosphate sources is important during infection. However, the alternative phosphate sources that can be used by S. aureus and others remain largely unexplored. We screened a library of phosphorus-containing compounds for the ability to support growth as a phosphate source. S. aureus could use a variety of phosphocompounds, including nucleotides, phosphosugars, and phosphoamino acids. Subsequent genetic analysis determined that a majority of these alternative phosphate sources are first processed extracellularly to liberate Pi, which is then imported through Pi transporters.
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8
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Extracellular ATP as an Inter-Kingdom Signaling Molecule: Release Mechanisms by Bacteria and Its Implication on the Host. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155590. [PMID: 32759857 PMCID: PMC7432876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purine adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is not only a universal intracellular energy carrier but plays also an important role as extracellular signaling molecule. Purinergic signaling is involved in many physiological and pathological processes like coagulation, inflammation, or sepsis in mammals. ATP is well-known as a messenger for intercellular communications in multicellular organisms, but phylogenetically much older unicellular organisms like yeast or bacteria use ATP as an extracellular signaling molecule as well. However, the mechanisms of ATP secretion by bacteria and its extracellular implications still have to be elucidated. This review will provide an overview of the current knowledge about bacterial extracellular ATP (eATP) under homeostatic conditions and during growth. Possible secretion mechanisms of ATP by bacteria will be discussed and implications of bacterial ATP are shown, with a focus on bacteria–host interactions.
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9
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Efficient production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate from adenosine triphosphate by the N-terminal half of adenylate cyclase from Escherichia coli. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Kano H, Saito C, Yamada N, Fukuuchi T, Yamaoka N, Kaneko K, Asami Y. Species-dependent patterns of incorporation of purine mononucleotides and nucleosides by lactic acid bacteria. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 39:1440-1448. [PMID: 32397874 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2020.1733604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although most lactic acid bacteria do not directly incorporate purine nucleotides, the strain Lactobacillus gasseri PA-3 was found to incorporate purine mononucleotides. To determine whether the direct uptake of purine mononucleotides is dependent on the species or strain of lactic acid bacteria, incorporation of purine mononucleotides was assessed in L. gasseri, Lactcoccus lactis sbsp. lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus and other species of lactic acid bacteria. Each bacterial strain was incubated with 32P-AMP or 14C-adenosine and the incorporation of each purine was evaluated by measuring their radioactivity. All investigated strains of L. gasseri incorporated 32P-AMP, whereas strains of S. thermophilus and most strains of L. lactis did not. Incorporation of 32P-AMP into strains of Pediococcus was dependent on the strain or species of that genus of bacteria. All investigated strains, except for one strain of L. gasseri, incorporated 14C-adenosine, with S. thermophilus, L. lactis and Pediococcus generally displaying greater incorporation of 14C-adenosine than L. gasseri. Although most lactic acid bacteria such as S. thermophiles and L. lactis do not incorporate purine mononucleotides, some species such as L. gasseri directly incorporate purine mononucleotides. These findings indicate that the preferential incorporation of purine mononucleotides or nucleosides by lactic acid bacteria is dependent on the species or strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kano
- Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Saito
- Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Yamada
- Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Fukuuchi
- Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Yamaoka
- Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kaneko
- Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Asami
- Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Eberly AR, Beebout CJ, Carmen Tong CM, Van Horn GT, Green HD, Fitzgerald MJ, De S, Apple EK, Schrimpe-Rutledge AC, Codreanu SG, Sherrod SD, McLean JA, Clayton DB, Stratton CW, Schmitz JE, Hadjifrangiskou M. Defining a Molecular Signature for Uropathogenic versus Urocolonizing Escherichia coli: The Status of the Field and New Clinical Opportunities. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:786-804. [PMID: 31794727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a major burden across the population, although key facets of their pathophysiology and host interaction remain unclear. Escherichia coli epitomizes these obstacles: this gram-negative bacterial species is the most prevalent agent of UTIs worldwide and can also colonize the urogenital tract in a phenomenon known as asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). Unfortunately, at the level of the individual E. coli strains, the relationship between UTI and ASB is poorly defined, confounding our understanding of microbial pathogenesis and strategies for clinical management. Unlike diarrheagenic pathotypes of E. coli, the definition of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) remains phenomenologic, without conserved phenotypes and known genetic determinants that rigorously distinguish UTI- and ASB-associated strains. This article provides a cross-disciplinary review of the current issues from interrelated mechanistic and diagnostic perspectives and describes new opportunities by which clinical resources can be leveraged to overcome molecular challenges. Specifically, we present our work harnessing a large collection of patient-derived isolates to identify features that do (and do not) distinguish UTI- from ASB-associated E. coli strains. Analyses of biofilm formation, previously reported to be higher in ASB strains, revealed extensive phenotypic heterogeneity that did not correlate with symptomatology. However, metabolomic experiments revealed distinct signatures between ASB and cystitis isolates, including in the purine pathway (previously shown to be critical for intracellular survival during acute infection). Together, these studies demonstrate how large-scale, wild-type approaches can help dissect the physiology of colonization versus infection, suggesting that the molecular definition of UPEC may rest at the level of global bacterial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Eberly
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Connor J Beebout
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ching Man Carmen Tong
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gerald T Van Horn
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hamilton D Green
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Madison J Fitzgerald
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shuvro De
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Emily K Apple
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Simona G Codreanu
- Center for Innovative Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stacy D Sherrod
- Center for Innovative Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John A McLean
- Center for Innovative Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Douglass B Clayton
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Charles W Stratton
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology & Inflammation (VI4), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan E Schmitz
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology & Inflammation (VI4), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology & Inflammation (VI4), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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12
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Dynamic regulation of extracellular ATP in Escherichia coli. Biochem J 2017; 474:1395-1416. [PMID: 28246335 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We studied the kinetics of extracellular ATP (ATPe) in Escherichia coli and their outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) stimulated with amphipatic peptides melittin (MEL) and mastoparan 7 (MST7). Real-time luminometry was used to measure ATPe kinetics, ATP release, and ATPase activity. The latter was also determined by following [32P]Pi released from [γ-32P]ATP. E. coli was studied alone, co-incubated with Caco-2 cells, or in rat jejunum segments. In E. coli, the addition of [γ-32P]ATP led to the uptake and subsequent hydrolysis of ATPe. Exposure to peptides caused an acute 3-fold (MST7) and 7-fold (MEL) increase in [ATPe]. In OMVs, ATPase activity increased linearly with [ATPe] (0.1-1 µM). Exposure to MST7 and MEL enhanced ATP release by 3-7 fold, with similar kinetics to that of bacteria. In Caco-2 cells, the addition of ATP to the apical domain led to a steep [ATPe] increase to a maximum, with subsequent ATPase activity. The addition of bacterial suspensions led to a 6-7 fold increase in [ATPe], followed by an acute decrease. In perfused jejunum segments, exposure to E. coli increased luminal ATP 2 fold. ATPe regulation of E. coli depends on the balance between ATPase activity and ATP release. This balance can be altered by OMVs, which display their own capacity to regulate ATPe. E. coli can activate ATP release from Caco-2 cells and intestinal segments, a response which in vivo might lead to intestinal release of ATP from the gut lumen.
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13
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Yamada N, Iwamoto C, Kano H, Yamaoka N, Fukuuchi T, Kaneko K, Asami Y. Evaluation of purine utilization by Lactobacillus gasseri strains with potential to decrease the absorption of food-derived purines in the human intestine. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 35:670-676. [PMID: 27906630 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2015.1125000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It is well accepted that frequent and heavy intake of purine-rich foods causes elevation of serum uric acid levels, which is a risk factor of hyperuricemia. Reducing intestinal absorption of dietary purines may attenuate the elevation of serum uric acid levels and exacerbation of hyperuricemia. This reduction may be achieved by the ingestion of lactic acid bacteria that take up purines in the intestine. In this study, we investigated the degree of uptake and utilization of purines of three lactobacilli strains. Among them, Lactobacillus gasseri PA-3 (PA-3) showed the greatest incorporation of 14C-adenine. PA-3 also incorporated 14C-adenosine and 14C-AMP. Additionally, using defined growth medium, PA-3 demonstrated greater proliferation in the presence of these purines than in their absence. Although further investigation is required, ingestion of PA-3 may lower serum uric acid levels by reducing intestinal absorption of purines in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yamada
- a Food Science Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd. , Kanagawa , Japan.,b Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - C Iwamoto
- a Food Science Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd. , Kanagawa , Japan.,b Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - H Kano
- a Food Science Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd. , Kanagawa , Japan.,b Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - N Yamaoka
- b Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - T Fukuuchi
- b Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - K Kaneko
- b Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Y Asami
- a Food Science Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd. , Kanagawa , Japan
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14
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Stepanek JJ, Schäkermann S, Wenzel M, Prochnow P, Bandow JE. Purine biosynthesis is the bottleneck in trimethoprim-treated Bacillus subtilis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:1036-1048. [PMID: 27329548 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trimethoprim is a folate biosynthesis inhibitor. Tetrahydrofolates are essential for the transfer of C1 units in several biochemical pathways including purine, thymine, methionine, and glycine biosynthesis. This study addressed the effects of folate biosynthesis inhibition on bacterial physiology. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Two complementary proteomic approaches were employed to analyze the response of Bacillus subtilis to trimethoprim. Acute changes in protein synthesis rates were monitored by radioactive pulse labeling of newly synthesized proteins and subsequent 2DE analysis. Changes in protein levels were detected using gel-free quantitative MS. RESULTS Proteins involved in purine and histidine biosynthesis, the σB -dependent general stress response, and sporulation were upregulated. Most prominently, the PurR-regulon required for de novo purine biosynthesis was derepressed indicating purine depletion. The general stress response was activated energy dependently and in a subpopulation of treated cultures an early onset of sporulation was observed, most likely triggered by low guanosine triphosphate levels. Supplementation of adenosine triphosphate, adenosine, and guanosine to the medium substantially decreased antibacterial activity, showing that purine depletion becomes the bottleneck in trimethoprim-treated B. subtilis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The frequently prescribed antibiotic trimethoprim causes purine depletion in B. subtilis, which can be complemented by supplementing purines to the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michaela Wenzel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Applied Microbiology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Pascal Prochnow
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Applied Microbiology, Bochum, Germany
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15
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Estrela AB, Türck P, Stutz E, Abraham WR. Release of Periplasmic Nucleotidase Induced by Human Antimicrobial Peptide in E. coli Causes Accumulation of the Immunomodulator Adenosine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138033. [PMID: 26371472 PMCID: PMC4570785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work by our group described that human β-defensin-2 induces accumulation of extracellular adenosine (Ado) in E. coli cultures through a non-lytic mechanism causing severe plasmolysis. Here, we investigate the presence of AMP as a direct precursor and the involvement of a bacterial enzyme in the generation of extracellular Ado by treated bacteria. Following hBD-2 treatment, metabolites were quantified in the supernatants using targeted HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Microbial growth was monitored by optical density and cell viability was determined by colony forming units counts. Phosphatase activity was measured using chromogenic substrate pNPP. The results demonstrate that defensin-treated E. coli strain W releases AMP in the extracellular space, where it is converted to Ado by a bacterial soluble factor. An increase in phosphatase activity in the supernatant was observed after peptide treatment, similar to the effect of sucrose-induced osmotic stress, suggesting that the periplasmic 5'nucleotidase (5'-NT) is released following the plasmolysis event triggered by the peptide. Ado accumulation was enhanced in the presence of Co2+ ion and inhibited by EDTA, further supporting the involvement of a metallo-phosphatase such as 5’-NT in extracellular AMP conversion into Ado. The comparative analysis of hBD-induced Ado accumulation in different E. coli strains and in Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed that the response is not correlated to the peptide's effect on cell viability, but indicates it might be dependent on the subcellular distribution of the nucleotidase. Taken together, these data shed light on a yet undescribed mechanism of host-microbial interaction: a human antimicrobial peptide inducing selective release of a bacterial enzyme (E. coli 5'-NT), leading to the formation of a potent immunomodulator metabolite (Ado).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Bergamo Estrela
- Chemical Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail: (ABE); (WRA)
| | - Patrick Türck
- Chemical Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elaine Stutz
- Chemical Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wolf-Rainer Abraham
- Chemical Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail: (ABE); (WRA)
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16
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Gumpenberger T, Vorkapic D, Zingl FG, Pressler K, Lackner S, Seper A, Reidl J, Schild S. Nucleoside uptake in Vibrio cholerae and its role in the transition fitness from host to environment. Mol Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26202476 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
As it became evident recently, extracellular DNA could be a versatile nutrient source of the facultative pathogen Vibrio cholerae along the different stages of its life cycle. By the use of two extracellular nucleases and periplasmic phosphatases, V. cholerae degrades extracellular DNA to nucleosides. In this study, we investigated the nucleoside uptake via identification and characterization of VCA0179, VC1953 and VC2352 representing the three nucleoside transport systems in V. cholerae. Based on our results VC2352 seems to be the dominant nucleoside transporter. Nevertheless, all three transporters are functional and can contribute to the utilization of nucleosides as a sole source of carbon or nitrogen. We found that the transcriptional activity of these three distal genes is equally promoted or antagonized by CRP or CytR respectively. Finally, mutants impaired for nucleoside uptake exhibit decreased transition fitness from the host into low carbon environments along the life cycle of V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Gumpenberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Dina Vorkapic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Franz G Zingl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Katharina Pressler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Stefanie Lackner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Andrea Seper
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Joachim Reidl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Stefan Schild
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 50, Graz, 8010, Austria
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17
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McDonough E, Kamp H, Camilli A. Vibrio cholerae phosphatases required for the utilization of nucleotides and extracellular DNA as phosphate sources. Mol Microbiol 2015; 99:453-69. [PMID: 26175126 PMCID: PMC4714964 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate is essential for life, being used in many core processes such as signal transduction and synthesis of nucleic acids. The waterborne agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae, encounters phosphate limitation in both the aquatic environment and human intestinal tract. This bacterium can utilize extracellular DNA (eDNA) as a phosphate source, a phenotype dependent on secreted endo‐ and exonucleases. However, no transporter of nucleotides has been identified in V. cholerae, suggesting that in order for the organism to utilize the DNA as a phosphate source, it must first separate the phosphate and nucleoside groups before transporting phosphate into the cell. In this study, we investigated the factors required for assimilation of phosphate from eDNA. We identified PhoX, and the previously unknown proteins UshA and CpdB as the major phosphatases that allow phosphate acquisition from eDNA and nucleotides. We demonstrated separable but partially overlapping roles for the three phosphatases and showed that the activity of PhoX and CpdB is induced by phosphate limitation. Thus, this study provides mechanistic insight into how V. cholerae can acquire phosphate from extracellular DNA, which is likely to be an important phosphate source in the environment and during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- EmilyKate McDonough
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Heather Kamp
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Andrew Camilli
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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18
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Gratz A, Bollacke A, Stephan S, Nienberg C, Le Borgne M, Götz C, Jose J. Functional display of heterotetrameric human protein kinase CK2 on Escherichia coli: a novel tool for drug discovery. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:74. [PMID: 26036951 PMCID: PMC4451881 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human protein kinase CK2 represents a novel therapeutic target for neoplastic diseases. Inhibitors are in need to explore the druggability and the therapeutic options of this enzyme. A bottleneck in the search for new inhibitors is the availability of the target for testing. Therefore an assay was developed to provide easy access to CK2 for discovery of novel inhibitors. Results Autodisplay was used to present human CK2 on the surface of Escherichia coli. Heterotetrameric CK2 consists of two subunits, α and β, which were displayed individually on the surface. Co-display of CK2α and CK2β on the cell surface led to the formation of functional holoenzyme, as demonstrated by NaCl dependency of enzymatic activity, which differs from that of the catalytic subunit CK2α without β. In addition interaction of CK2α and CK2β at the cell surface was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation assays. Surface displayed CK2 holoenzyme enabled an easy IC50 value determination. The IC50 values for the known CK2 inhibitors TBB and Silmitasertib were determined to be 50 and 3.3 nM, respectively. Conclusion Surface-displayed CK2α and CK2β assembled on the cell surface of E. coli to an active tetrameric holoenzyme. The whole-cell CK2 autodisplay assay as developed is suitable for inhibition studies. Furthermore, it can be used to determine quantitative CK2 inhibition data such as IC50 values. In summary, this is the first report on the functional surface display of a heterotetrameric enzyme on E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gratz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Andre Bollacke
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Sara Stephan
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Christian Nienberg
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Marc Le Borgne
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Pharmacie-ISPB, EA 4446 Biomolécules Cancer et Chimiorésistances, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453-INSERM US7, 69373, Lyon Cedex 8, France.
| | - Claudia Götz
- Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str., Geb. 44, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Adenosine monophosphate affects competence development and plasmid DNA transformation in Escherichia coli. Curr Microbiol 2013; 67:550-6. [PMID: 23743599 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Artificial plasmid DNA transformation of Escherichia coli induced by calcium chloride is a routine technique in molecular biology and genetic engineering processes, but its mechanism has remained elusive. Because adenosine monophosphate (AMP) has been found to regulate natural transformation in Haemophilus influenza, we aimed to investigate the effects of AMP and its derivatives on E. coli transformation by treating competence with different concentrations of them. Analysis of the transformation efficiencies revealed that AMP inhibited the artificial plasmid DNA transformation of E. coli in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that AMP had no effect on the expression of the transformed gene but that the intracellular AMP level of the competent cells rose after a 6 h treatment. These results suggested that the intracellular AMP level had an important role in E. coli transformation. And these have useful implications for the further investigation of the mechanism of E. coli transformation.
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