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Abo Qoura L, Balakin KV, Hoffman RM, Pokrovsky VS. The potential of methioninase for cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189122. [PMID: 38796027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells are addicted to L-methionine (L-Met) and have a much greater requirement for L-Met than normal cells due to excess transmethylation, termed the Hoffman effect. By targeting this vulnerability through dietary restriction of L-Met, researchers have been able to achieve promising results in inhibiting tumor growth and eradicating cancer cells. Methioninase (EC 4.4.1.11; METase) catalyzes the transformation of L-Met into α-ketobutyrate, ammonia, and methanethiol. The use of METase was initially limited due to its poor stability in vivo, high immunogenicity, and enzyme-induced inactivating antibodies. These issues could be partially resolved by PEGylation, encapsulation in erythrocytes, and various site-directed mutagenesis. The big breakthrough came when it was discovered that METase is effectively administered orally. The enzyme L-asparaginase is approved by the FDA for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. METase has more potential as a therapeutic since addiction to L-Met is a general and fundamental hallmark of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louay Abo Qoura
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA 92111, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037-7400, USA
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia.
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2
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Raboni S, Faggiano S, Bettati S, Mozzarelli A. Methionine gamma lyase: Structure-activity relationships and therapeutic applications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2024; 1872:140991. [PMID: 38147934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Methionine gamma lyase (MGL) is a bacterial and plant enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of methionine in methanthiol, 2-oxobutanoate and ammonia. The enzyme belongs to fold type I of the pyridoxal 5'-dependent family. The catalytic mechanism and the structure of wild type MGL and variants were determined in the presence of the natural substrate as well as of many sulfur-containing derivatives. Structure-function relationship studies were pivotal for MGL exploitation in the treatment of cancer, bacterial infections, and other diseases. MGL administration to cancer cells leads to methionine starvation, thus decreasing cells viability and increasing their vulnerability towards other drugs. In antibiotic therapy, MGL acts by transforming prodrugs in powerful drugs. Numerous strategies have been pursued for the delivering of MGL in vivo to prolong its bioavailability and decrease its immunogenicity. These include conjugation with polyethylene glycol and encapsulation in synthetic or natural vesicles, eventually decorated with tumor targeting molecules, such as the natural phytoestrogens daidzein and genistein. The scientific achievements in studying MGL structure, function and perspective therapeutic applications came from the efforts of many talented scientists, among which late Tatyana Demidkina to whom we dedicate this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Raboni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Serena Faggiano
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
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Sharma B, Devi S, Kumar R, Kanwar SS. Screening, characterization and anti-cancer application of purified intracellular MGL. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:96-110. [PMID: 35817235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
L-methionine-γ-lyase (MGL) producing bacterial isolates were screened from soil samples that further characterized as 'Klebsiella oxytoca BLM-1' by biochemical and 16S rDNA sequencing. Intracellular MGL obtained from K. oxytoca BLM-1 by sonication was purified by Octyl-Sepharose and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of protein band (Mr ~ 63 kDa) confirmed the PLP-dependence and structural similarity with MGL enzyme. Purified MGL (1.1 μg) exhibited the maximum activity in potassium phosphate buffer (80 mM; with L-met 20 mM pH 7.0) at 37 °C. That further enhanced in the presence of NaCl (2 mM), Tween-80 (1.0 %; v/v) and EDTA (5 mM). Km and Vmax for purified MGL by using L-met as substrate was found to be 5.32 mM and 0.386 U/mL/min. The purified MGL showed PLP dependence and the half-life was 365.59 min. The MGL was effective against breast cancer (MCF7), gastric adenocarcinoma and human glioblastoma (U87MG) cancer cell lines with IC50 values of purified MGL 0.041 U/mL, 0.008 U/mL and 0.009 U/mL, respectively. The U87MG, greatly affected by MGL treatment, when cultured in DMEM medium (10 mL) with PLP, homocysteine and 10 % FCS as compared to control/untransformed mouse spleen cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupender Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171 005, India
| | - Sunita Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171 005, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171 005, India
| | - Shamsher Singh Kanwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171 005, India.
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Okawa A, Handa H, Yasuda E, Murota M, Kudo D, Tamura T, Shiba T, Inagaki K. Characterization and application of l-methionine γ-lyase Q349S mutant enzyme with an enhanced activity toward l-homocysteine. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 133:213-221. [PMID: 34953671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
l-Methionine γ-lyse (MGL), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme, catalyzes the α,γ-elimination of l-methionine (l-Met) and l-homocysteine (l-Hcy) to produce α-keto acids, thiols, and ammonia. Previously, various mutant enzymes of Pseudomonas putida MGL (PpMGL) were prepared to identify a homocysteine (Hcy)-specific enzyme that would assist the diagnosis of homocystinuria. Among the mutat enzymes the Q349S mutant exhibited high degradation activity toward l-Hcy. In the present study, PpMGL Q349S was characterized; the results suggested that it could be applied to determine the amount of l-Hcy. Compared to the wild-type PpMGL, specific activities of the Q349S mutant with l-Hcy and l-Met were 1.5 and 0.7 times, respectively. Additionally, we confirmed that l-Hcy in plasma samples could be accurately detected using the Q349S mutant by preincubating it with cysteine desulfurase (CsdA). Furthermore, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of PpMGL Q349S l-Met or l-Hcy complexes Michaelis complex, germinal diamine, and external aldimine at 2.25-2.40 Å. These 3D structures showed that the interaction partner of the β-hydroxyl group of Thr355 in the wild-type PpMGL was changed to the carboxyl group of the Hcy-PLP external aldimine in the Q349S mutant. The interaction of Ser349 and Arg375 was different between l-Met and l-Hcy recognition, indicating that it was important for the recognition of the carboxyl group of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Haruhisa Handa
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Eri Yasuda
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Masaki Murota
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Daizo Kudo
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Takashi Tamura
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Tomoo Shiba
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion (CAIRP), Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Kenji Inagaki
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Zhao Q, Wang Z, Yang L, Zhang S, Jia K. YALI0C22088g from Yarrowia lipolytica catalyses the conversion of l-methionine into volatile organic sulfur-containing compounds. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1462-1471. [PMID: 33793081 PMCID: PMC8313282 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic conversion of l-methionine (l-Met) into volatile organic sulfur-containing compounds (VOSCs) plays an important role in developing the characteristic aroma of foods. However, the mechanism for the direct conversion of l-Met into VOSCs is still unclear in yeast cells used to make food products. Here, we show that the transcription profile of YALI0C22088g from Yarrowia lipolytica correlates positively with l-Met addition. YALI0C22088g catalyses the γ-elimination of l-Met, directly converting l-Met into VOSCs. YALI0C22088g also exhibits strong C-S lysis activities towards l-cystathionine and the other sulfur-containing compounds and forms a distinct cystathionine-γ-lyase subgroup. We identified eight key amino acid residues in YALI0C22088g, and we inferred that the size of the tunnel and the charges carried by the entrance amino acid residue are the determinants for the enzymatic conversion of l-Met into VOSCs. These findings reveal the formation mechanism of VOSCs produced directly from l-Met via the demethiolation pathway in Yarrowia lipolytica, which provides a rationale for engineering the enzymatic conversion of l-Met into VOSCs and thus stimulates the enzymatic production of aroma compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan‐Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education)Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyHubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial FermentationHubei University of TechnologyWuhan430068China
| | - Zhu‐Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education)Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyHubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial FermentationHubei University of TechnologyWuhan430068China
| | - Lan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education)Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyHubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial FermentationHubei University of TechnologyWuhan430068China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education)Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyHubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial FermentationHubei University of TechnologyWuhan430068China
| | - Kai‐Zhi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education)Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyHubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial FermentationHubei University of TechnologyWuhan430068China
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Gallardo-Benavente C, Campo-Giraldo JL, Castro-Severyn J, Quiroz A, Pérez-Donoso JM. Genomics Insights into Pseudomonas sp. CG01: An Antarctic Cadmium-Resistant Strain Capable of Biosynthesizing CdS Nanoparticles Using Methionine as S-Source. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020187. [PMID: 33514061 PMCID: PMC7912247 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present the draft genome sequence of Pseudomonas sp. GC01, a cadmium-resistant Antarctic bacterium capable of biosynthesizing CdS fluorescent nanoparticles (quantum dots, QDs) employing a unique mechanism involving the production of methanethiol (MeSH) from methionine (Met). To explore the molecular/metabolic components involved in QDs biosynthesis, we conducted a comparative genomic analysis, searching for the genes related to cadmium resistance and sulfur metabolic pathways. The genome of Pseudomonas sp. GC01 has a 4,706,645 bp size with a 58.61% G+C content. Pseudomonas sp. GC01 possesses five genes related to cadmium transport/resistance, with three P-type ATPases (cadA, zntA, and pbrA) involved in Cd-secretion that could contribute to the extracellular biosynthesis of CdS QDs. Furthermore, it exhibits genes involved in sulfate assimilation, cysteine/methionine synthesis, and volatile sulfur compounds catabolic pathways. Regarding MeSH production from Met, Pseudomonas sp. GC01 lacks the genes E4.4.1.11 and megL for MeSH generation. Interestingly, despite the absence of these genes, Pseudomonas sp. GC01 produces high levels of MeSH. This is probably associated with the metC gene that also produces MeSH from Met in bacteria. This work is the first report of the potential genes involved in Cd resistance, sulfur metabolism, and the process of MeSH-dependent CdS QDs bioproduction in Pseudomonas spp. strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gallardo-Benavente
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, 4780000 Temuco, Chile;
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, 4780000 Temuco, Chile
| | - Jessica L. Campo-Giraldo
- BioNanotechnology and Microbiology Lab, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8320000 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Juan Castro-Severyn
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, 1240000 Antofagasta, Chile;
| | - Andrés Quiroz
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, 4780000 Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, 4780000 Temuco, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.Q.); (J.M.P.-D.)
| | - José M. Pérez-Donoso
- BioNanotechnology and Microbiology Lab, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8320000 Santiago, Chile;
- Correspondence: (A.Q.); (J.M.P.-D.)
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Adams JD, Røise JJ, Lee DS, Murthy N. The methionase chain reaction: an enzyme-based autocatalytic amplification system for the detection of thiols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3175-3178. [PMID: 32065188 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09136j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present an autocatalytic system for the detection and amplification of thiols termed the Methionase Chain Reaction (MCR). MCR is based on the reversible modification of the thiol producing enzyme Methionine Gamma-Lyase (MGL). MCR was able to amplify the concentration of thiols by a factor of 560 and was able to visually detect thiols at concentrations as low as 50 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy David Adams
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Li Z, Zhao Y, Zhou H, Luo HB, Zhan CG. Catalytic Roles of Coenzyme Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) in PLP-dependent Enzymes: Reaction Pathway for Methionine-γ-lyase-catalyzed L-methionine Depletion. ACS Catal 2020; 10:2198-2210. [PMID: 33344000 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6, is an important and versatile coenzyme involved in a variety of enzymatic reactions, accounting for about 4% of all classified activities. However, the detailed catalytic reaction pathways for PLP-dependent enzymes remain to be explored. Methionine-γ-lyase (MGL), a promising alternative anti-tumor agent to conventional chemotherapies whose catalytic mechanism is highly desired for guiding further development of re-engineered enzymes, was used as a representative PLP-dependent enzyme, and the catalytic mechanism for L-Met elimination by MGL was explored at the first-principles quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) level with umbrella sampling. The QM/MM calculations revealed that the enzymatic reaction pathway consists of 4 stages for a total of 19 reaction steps with five intermediates captured in available crystal structures. Furthermore, the more comprehensive role of PLP was revealed. Besides the commonly known role of "electron sink", coenzyme PLP can also assist proton transfer and temporarily store the excess proton generated in some intermediate states by using its hydroxyl group and phosphate group. Thus, PLP is participated in most of the 19 steps. This study not only provided a theoretical basis for further development and re-engineering MGL as a potential anti-tumor agent, but also revealed the comprehensive role of PLP which could be used to explore the mechanisms of other PLP-dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Yunsong Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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Nigro G, Bourcier S, Lazennec-Schurdevin C, Schmitt E, Marlière P, Mechulam Y. Use of β 3-methionine as an amino acid substrate of Escherichia coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase. J Struct Biol 2019; 209:107435. [PMID: 31862305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.107435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptides containing β-amino acids are attractive tools for the design of novel proteins having unique properties of medical or industrial interest. Incorporation of β-amino acids in vivo requires the development of efficient aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases specific of these non-canonical amino acids. Here, we have performed a detailed structural and biochemical study of the recognition and use of β3-Met by Escherichia coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS). We show that MetRS binds β3-Met with a 24-fold lower affinity but catalyzes the esterification of the non-canonical amino acid onto tRNA with a rate lowered by three orders of magnitude. Accurate measurements of the catalytic parameters required careful consideration of the presence of contaminating α-Met in β3-Met commercial samples. The 1.45 Å crystal structure of the MetRS: β3-Met complex shows that β3-Met binds the enzyme essentially like α-Met, but the carboxylate moiety is mobile and not adequately positioned to react with ATP for aminoacyl adenylate formation. This study provides structural and biochemical bases for engineering MetRS with improved β3-Met aminoacylation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Nigro
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, BIOC, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Bourcier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, LCM, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Christine Lazennec-Schurdevin
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, BIOC, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuelle Schmitt
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, BIOC, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
| | - Philippe Marlière
- Xenome Research Group, Institute of Systems and Synthetic Biology, CNRS, UMR8030, UEVE, CEA, GENOPOLE, 5 rue Henri Desbruères, 91030 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Yves Mechulam
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, BIOC, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
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Dhanjal NI, Sharma S, Skalny AV, Skalnaya MG, Ajsuvakova OP, Tinkov AA, Zhang F, Guo X, Prabhu KS, Tejo Prakash N. Selenium-rich maize modulates the expression of prostaglandin genes in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Food Funct 2019; 10:2839-2846. [PMID: 31062009 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00186g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell signaling is necessary for the organs to co-ordinate with the whole body and it includes response to external stimuli, inflammation, hormonal secretions and other various metabolic functions. In the present study, we have focused on the inflammatory signals modulated by the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Under homeostatic conditions, these species turn on the COX-1-dependent arachidonic acid (AA) pathway towards the release of anti-inflammatory enzymes. However, the excess release of these ions induces negative effects in the form of inflammation by turning on the COX-2-dependent AA pathway to release pro-inflammatory enzymes. In the present study, we observed the shunting of the COX-2-dependent AA pathway towards the release of anti-inflammatory enzymes with the supplementation of organic dietary selenium in the form of seleniferous maize extracts. We observed that 500 nM selenium concentration in Se-maize extracts downregulated the COX-2 and mPGES-1 expressions by 3.8- and 3.2-fold and upregulated the GPx-1 and H-PGDS expressions by 5.0- and 5.4-fold, respectively. To facilitate more availability of Se from the dietary matrices, Se-maize extracts were incubated with rMETase. It was observed that the enzyme-treated cells increased the downregulation of COX-2 and mPGES-1 expressions by 24.8- and 21.0-fold and the upregulation of GPx-1 and H-PGDS expressions by 13.2- and 16.5-fold, respectively.
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Kato S, Inagaki K, Oikawa T. Application of l-methionine γ-lyase in chiral amino acid analysis. Anal Biochem 2019; 580:56-61. [PMID: 31163123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Here, a conventional chiral amino acid analysis method using high-performance liquid chromatography was coupled with a sample pretreatment using l-methionine γ-lyase from Pseudomonas putida ICR 3460 for the selective analysis of l-methionine and l-tryptophan. The sample was analyzed after the degradation of l-methionine with l-methionine γ-lyase, as l-methionine coelutes with l-tryptophan under the standard chiral amino acid analytical conditions used for precolumn derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde and N-acetyl-l-cysteine. The l-tryptophan in the sample was then eluted as a clearly separated peak and analyzed further. Since the l-methionine γ-lyase did not act on l-tryptophan, we were able to calculate the l-methionine or l-tryptophan concentration based on the data obtained from 2 individual runs: the sample with and without l-methionine γ-lyase pretreatment. The concentration of l-tryptophan was calculated from the data obtained from the sample with l-methionine γ-lyase pretreatment, while the concentration of l-methionine was calculated using the following equation: l-methionine concentration = {the data from the sample without l-methionine γ-lyase pretreatment}-{the data from the sample with l-methionine γ-lyase pretreatment}. Model samples containing authentic amino acids and a fermented food sample were analyzed by our method, and the calculated concentrations of l-methionine and l-tryptophan were consistently in agreement with the theoretical values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Kato
- Kansai University High Technology Research Center, 3-3-35 Yamate-Cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Kenji Inagaki
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tadao Oikawa
- Kansai University High Technology Research Center, 3-3-35 Yamate-Cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan; Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-Cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan.
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Maggi M, Scotti C. Enzymes in Metabolic Anticancer Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1148:173-199. [PMID: 31482500 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7709-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has greatly improved over the last 50 years, but it remains challenging in several cases. Useful therapeutic targets are normally unique peculiarities of cancer cells that distinguish them from normal cells and that can be tackled with appropriate drugs. It is now known that cell metabolism is rewired during tumorigenesis and metastasis as a consequence of oncogene activation and oncosuppressors inactivation, leading to a new cellular homeostasis typically directed towards anabolism. Because of these modifications, cells can become strongly or absolutely dependent on specific substrates, like sugars, lipids or amino acids. Cancer addictions are a relevant target for therapy, as removal of an essential substrate can lead to their selective cell-cycle arrest or even to cell death, leaving normal cells untouched. Enzymes can act as powerful agents in this respect, as demonstrated by asparaginase, which has been included in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia for half a century. In this review, a short outline of cancer addictions will be provided, focusing on the main cancer amino acid dependencies described so far. Therapeutic enzymes which have been already experimented at the clinical level will be discussed, along with novel potential candidates that we propose as new promising molecules. The intrinsic limitations of their present molecular forms, along with molecular engineering solutions to explore, will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristella Maggi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Immunology and General Pathology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Scotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Immunology and General Pathology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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13
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Raboni S, Revtovich S, Demitri N, Giabbai B, Storici P, Cocconcelli C, Faggiano S, Rosini E, Pollegioni L, Galati S, Buschini A, Morozova E, Kulikova V, Nikulin A, Gabellieri E, Cioni P, Demidkina T, Mozzarelli A. Engineering methionine γ-lyase from Citrobacter freundii for anticancer activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1866:1260-1270. [PMID: 30268810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Methionine deprivation of cancer cells, which are deficient in methionine biosynthesis, has been envisioned as a therapeutic strategy to reduce cancer cell viability. Methionine γ-lyase (MGL), an enzyme that degrades methionine, has been exploited to selectively remove the amino acid from cancer cell environment. In order to increase MGL catalytic activity, we performed sequence and structure conservation analysis of MGLs from various microorganisms. Whereas most of the residues in the active site and at the dimer interface were found to be conserved, residues located in the C-terminal flexible loop, forming a wall of the active site entry channel, were found to be variable. Therefore, we carried out site-saturation mutagenesis at four independent positions of the C-terminal flexible loop, P357, V358, P360 and A366 of MGL from Citrobacter freundii, generating libraries that were screened for activity. Among the active variants, V358Y exhibits a 1.9-fold increase in the catalytic rate and a 3-fold increase in KM, resulting in a catalytic efficiency similar to wild type MGL. V358Y cytotoxic activity was assessed towards a panel of cancer and nonmalignant cell lines and found to exhibit IC50 lower than the wild type. The comparison of the 3D-structure of V358Y MGL with other MGL available structures indicates that the C-terminal loop is either in an open or closed conformation that does not depend on the amino acid at position 358. Nevertheless, mutations at this position allosterically affects catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Raboni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Svetlana Revtovich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Serena Faggiano
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Rosini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Serena Galati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Morozova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitalia Kulikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Nikulin
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Edi Gabellieri
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cioni
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tatyana Demidkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy.
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14
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Suganya K, Govindan K, Prabha P, Murugan M. An extensive review on L-methioninase and its potential applications. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Dhanjal NIK, Sharma S, Prabhu KS, Prakash NT. Selenium supplementation through Se-rich dietary matrices can upregulate the anti-inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophages. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017; 28:1374-1392. [PMID: 29563666 PMCID: PMC5858741 DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1343805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The accessibility of selenium from naturally enriched sources such as cereals crops can potentially be used as selenium supplements to support nutritional requirements. Dietary selenium supplementation, as Se-rich wheat extracts, on RAW264.7 macrophage cells enhanced the antioxidant capacity via augmentation of cellular selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) expression in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Cells were supplemented with Se in the form of sodium selenite (SS), seleniferous wheat extract (SeW) and seleniferous wheat extract with rMETase treatment (SeW+rMET) at three different concentrations. Cells supplemented with SS and SeW+rMET showed increase in GPx-1 expression as compared to SeW treated cells. SeW+rMET, further, down-regulated the LPS-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal PGE synthase-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase w.r.t. Se-deficient cells, while the expression of hematopoietic PGD synthase was upregulated. This demonstrates SeSup effectively modulates the expression inflammatory responses, indicating the potential benefits of dietary selenium supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary Science and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, 115 Henning, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - N Tejo Prakash
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar University, Patiala, India
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16
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Revtovich SV, Morozova EA, Kulikova VV, Anufrieva NV, Osipova TI, Koval VS, Nikulin AD, Demidkina TV. Crystal structure of mutant form Cys115His of Citrobacter freundii methionine γ-lyase complexed with l-norleucine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:1123-1128. [PMID: 28602917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mutant form of Citrobacter freundii methionine γ-lyase with the replacement of active site Cys115 for His has been found to be inactive in the γ-elimination reaction of methionine while fully active in the γ-elimination reaction of O-acetyl-l-homoserine and in the β-elimination reaction of S-alk(en)yl-substituted cysteines. In this work, the crystal structure of the mutant enzyme complexed with competitive inhibitor, l-norleucine was determined at 1.45Å resolution. At the enzyme active site the inhibitor proved to be bound both noncovalently and covalently, which corresponds to the two intermediates of the γ- and β-elimination reactions, Michaelis complex and the external aldimine. Analysis of the structure allowed us to suggest the possible reason for the inability of the mutant enzyme to catalyze the physiological reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Revtovich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Morozova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitalia V Kulikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya V Anufrieva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana I Osipova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy S Koval
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey D Nikulin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Demidkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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17
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Hayashi M, Okada A, Yamamoto K, Okugochi T, Kusaka C, Kudou D, Nemoto M, Inagaki J, Hirose Y, Okajima T, Tamura T, Soda K, Inagaki K. Gene cloning, recombinant expression, purification and characterization of l-methionine decarboxylase from Streptomyces sp. 590. J Biochem 2017; 161:389-398. [PMID: 28003434 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Methionine decarboxylase (MetDC) from Streptomyces sp. 590 depends on pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and catalyzes the non-oxidative decarboxylation of l-methionine to produce 3-methylthiopropylamine and carbon dioxide. MetDC gene (mdc) was determined to consist of 1,674 bp encoding 557 amino acids, and the amino acid sequence is similar to that of l-histidine decarboxylases and l-valine decarboxylases from Streptomyces sp. strains. The mdc gene was cloned and recombinant MetDC was heterologously expressed by Escherichia coli. The purification of recombinant MetDC was carried out by DEAE-Toyopearl and Ni-NTA agarose column chromatography. The recombinant enzyme was homodimeric with a molecular mass of 61,000 Da and showed optimal activity between 45 to 55 °C and at pH 6.6, and the stability below 30 °C and between pH 4.6 to 7.0. l-Methionine and l-norleucine were good substrates for MetDC. The Michaelis constants for l-methionine and l-norleucine were 30 and 73 mM, respectively. The recombinant MetDC (0.50 U/ml) severely inhibited growth of human tumour cells A431 (epidermoid ovarian carcinoma cell line) and MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer cell line), however showed relatively low cytotoxicity for human normal cell NHDF-Neo (dermal fibroblast cell line from neonatal foreskin). This study revealed the properties of the gene and the protein sequence of MetDC for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Hayashi
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akane Okada
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomomi Okugochi
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Chika Kusaka
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Daizou Kudou
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Michiko Nemoto
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Junko Inagaki
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuu Hirose
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Toshihide Okajima
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Miho-gaoka, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamura
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kenji Soda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kenji Inagaki
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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18
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Sato D, Shiba T, Yunoto S, Furutani K, Fukumoto M, Kudou D, Tamura T, Inagaki K, Harada S. Structural and mechanistic insights into homocysteine degradation by a mutant of methionine γ-lyase based on substrate-assisted catalysis. Protein Sci 2017; 26:1224-1230. [PMID: 28329912 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Methionine γ-lyse (MGL) catalyzes the α, γ-elimination of l-methionine and its derivatives as well as the α, β-elimination of l-cysteine and its derivatives to produce α-keto acids, volatile thiols, and ammonia. The reaction mechanism of MGL has been characterized by enzymological studies using several site-directed mutants. The Pseudomonas putida MGL C116H mutant showed drastically reduced degradation activity toward methionine while retaining activity toward homocysteine. To understand the underlying mechanism and to discern the subtle differences between these substrates, we analyzed the crystal structures of the reaction intermediates. The complex formed between the C116H mutant and methionine demonstrated that a loop structure (Ala51-Asn64) in the adjacent subunit of the catalytic dimer cannot approach the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) because His116 disrupts the interaction of Asp241 with Lys240, and the liberated side chain of Lys240 causes steric hindrance with this loop. Conversely, in the complex formed between C116H mutant and homocysteine, the thiol moiety of the substrate conjugated with PLP offsets the imidazole ring of His116 via a water molecule, disrupting the interaction of His116 and Asp241 and restoring the interaction of Asp241 with Lys240. These structural data suggest that the Cys116 to His mutation renders the enzyme inactive toward the original substrate, but activity is restored when the substrate is homocysteine due to substrate-assisted catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sato
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shiba
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yunoto
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuo Furutani
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Fukumoto
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Daizou Kudou
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamura
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kenji Inagaki
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Harada
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
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19
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Hosseinzadeh P, Mirts EN, Pfister TD, Gao YG, Mayne C, Robinson H, Tajkhorshid E, Lu Y. Enhancing Mn(II)-Binding and Manganese Peroxidase Activity in a Designed Cytochrome c Peroxidase through Fine-Tuning Secondary-Sphere Interactions. Biochemistry 2016; 55:1494-502. [PMID: 26885726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Noncovalent second-shell interactions are important in controlling metal-binding affinity and activity in metalloenzymes, but fine-tuning these interactions in designed metalloenzymes has not been fully explored. As a result, most designed metalloenzymes have low metal-binding affinity and activity. Here we identified three mutations in the second coordination shell of an engineered Mn(II)-binding site in cytochrome c peroxidase (called MnCcP.1, containing Glu45, Glu37, and Glu181 ligands) that mimics the native manganese peroxidase (MnP), and explored their effects on both Mn(II)-binding affinity and MnP activity. First, removing a hydrogen bond to Glu45 through Tyr36Phe mutation enhanced Mn(II)-binding affinity, as evidenced by a 2.8-fold decrease in the KM of Mn(II) oxidation. Second, introducing a salt bridge through Lys179Arg mutation improved Glu35 and Glu181 coordination to Mn(II), decreasing KM 2.6-fold. Third, eliminating a steric clash that prevented Glu37 from orienting toward Mn(II) resulted in an 8.6-fold increase in kcat/KM, arising primarily from a 3.6-fold decrease in KM, with a KM value comparable to that of the native enzyme (0.28 mM vs 0.19 mM for Pleurotus eryngii MnP PS3). We further demonstrated that while the effects of Tyr36Phe and Lys179Arg mutations are additive, because involved in secondary-shell interactions to different ligands, other combinations of mutations were antagonistic because they act on different aspects of the Mn(II) coordination at the same residues. Finally, we showed that these MnCcP variants are functional models of MnP that mimic its activity in both Mn(II) oxidation and degradation of a phenolic lignin model compound and kraft lignin. In addition to achieving KM in a designed protein that is similar to the that of native enzyme, our results offer molecular insight into the role of noncovalent interactions around metal-binding sites for improving metal binding and overall activity; such insight can be applied to rationally enhance these properties in other metalloenzymes and their models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Howard Robinson
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
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20
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Kudou D, Yasuda E, Hirai Y, Tamura T, Inagaki K. Molecular cloning and characterization of l-methionine γ-lyase from Streptomyces avermitilis. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:380-3. [PMID: 25817696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent methionine γ-lyase (MGL) was cloned from Streptomyces avermitilis catalyzed the degradation of methionine to α-ketobutyrate, methanethiol, and ammonia. The sav7062 gene (1,242 bp) was corresponded to 413 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 42,994 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a high degree of similarity to those of other MGL enzymes. The sav7062 gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity and exhibited the MGL catalytic activities. We cloned the enzyme that has the MGL activity in Streptomyces for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daizou Kudou
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Eri Yasuda
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirai
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Takashi Tamura
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Kenji Inagaki
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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21
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Song H, Xu R, Guo Z. Identification and characterization of a methionine γ-lyase in the calicheamicin biosynthetic cluster of Micromonospora echinospora. Chembiochem 2014; 16:100-9. [PMID: 25404066 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CalE6 is a previously uncharacterized protein involved in the biosynthesis of calicheamicins in Micromonospora echinospora. It is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme and exhibits high sequence homology to cystathionine γ-lyases and cystathionine γ-synthases. However, it was found to be active towards methionine and to convert this amino acid into α-ketobutyrate, ammonium, and methanethiol. The crystal structure of the cofactor-bound holoenzyme was resolved at 2.0 Å; it contains two active site residues, Gly105 and Val322, specific for methionine γ-lyases. Modeling of methionine into the active site allows identification of the active site residues responsible for substrate recognition and catalysis. These findings support that CalE6 is a putative methionine γ-lyase producing methanethiol as a building block in biosynthesis of calicheamicins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Song
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon (Hong Kong)
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22
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Morozova EA, Revtovich SV, Anufrieva NV, Kulikova VV, Nikulin AD, Demidkina TV. Alliin is a suicide substrate ofCitrobacter freundiimethionine γ-lyase: structural bases of inactivation of the enzyme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:3034-42. [DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714020938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The interaction ofCitrobacter freundiimethionine γ-lyase (MGL) and the mutant form in which Cys115 is replaced by Ala (MGL C115A) with the nonprotein amino acid (2R)-2-amino-3-[(S)-prop-2-enylsulfinyl]propanoic acid (alliin) was investigated. It was found that MGL catalyzes the β-elimination reaction of alliin to form 2-propenethiosulfinate (allicin), pyruvate and ammonia. The β-elimination reaction of alliin is followed by the inactivation and modification of SH groups of the wild-type and mutant enzymes. Three-dimensional structures of inactivated wild-type MGL (iMGL wild type) and a C115A mutant form (iMGL C115A) were determined at 1.85 and 1.45 Å resolution and allowed the identification of the SH groups that were oxidized by allicin. On this basis, the mechanism of the inactivation of MGL by alliin, a new suicide substrate of MGL, is proposed.
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