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Ohnishi S, Kawano-Kawada M, Yamamoto Y, Akiyama K, Sekito T. A vacuolar membrane protein Vsb1p contributes to the vacuolar compartmentalization of basic amino acids in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:763-769. [PMID: 35289847 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation levels of Arg, Lys, and His in vacuoles of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells were drastically decreased by the disruption of SPAC24H6.11c (vsb1+) gene identified by a homology search with the VSB1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Vsb1p fused with green fluorescent protein particularly localized at vacuolar membranes in S. pombe cells. Overexpression of vsb1+ markedly increased vacuolar levels of basic amino acids; however, overexpression of the vsb1D174A mutant did not affect the levels of these amino acids. These results suggest that the vsb1+ contributes to the accumulation of basic amino acids into the vacuoles of S. pombe, and the aspartate residue in the putative first transmembrane domain conserved among fungal homologs is crucial for the function of Vsb1p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kawano-Kawada
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.,Division of Cell-Free Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.,Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Koichi Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.,Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sekito
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.,Division of Cell-Free Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
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Abstract
We review the mechanisms responsible for amino acid homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other fungi. Amino acid homeostasis is essential for cell growth and survival. Hence, the de novo synthesis reactions, metabolic conversions, and transport of amino acids are tightly regulated. Regulation varies from nitrogen pool sensing to control by individual amino acids and takes place at the gene (transcription), protein (posttranslational modification and allostery), and vesicle (trafficking and endocytosis) levels. The pools of amino acids are controlled via import, export, and compartmentalization. In yeast, the majority of the amino acid transporters belong to the APC (amino acid-polyamine-organocation) superfamily, and the proteins couple the uphill transport of amino acids to the electrochemical proton gradient. Although high-resolution structures of yeast amino acid transporters are not available, homology models have been successfully exploited to determine and engineer the catalytic and regulatory functions of the proteins. This has led to a further understanding of the underlying mechanisms of amino acid sensing and subsequent downregulation of transport. Advances in optical microscopy have revealed a new level of regulation of yeast amino acid transporters, which involves membrane domain partitioning. The significance and the interrelationships of the latest discoveries on amino acid homeostasis are put in context.
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Manabe K, Kawano-Kawada M, Ikeda K, Sekito T, Kakinuma Y. Ypq3p-dependent histidine uptake by the vacuolar membrane vesicles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1125-30. [PMID: 26928127 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1141041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The vacuolar membrane proteins Ypq1p, Ypq2p, and Ypq3p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are known as the members of the PQ-loop protein family. We found that the ATP-dependent uptake activities of arginine and histidine by the vacuolar membrane vesicles were decreased by ypq2Δ and ypq3Δ mutations, respectively. YPQ1 and AVT1, which are involved in the vacuolar uptake of lysine/arginine and histidine, respectively, were deleted in addition to ypq2Δ and ypq3Δ. The vacuolar membrane vesicles isolated from the resulting quadruple deletion mutant ypq1Δypq2Δypq3Δavt1Δ completely lost the uptake activity of basic amino acids, and that of histidine, but not lysine and arginine, was evidently enhanced by overexpressing YPQ3 in the mutant. These results suggest that Ypq3p is specifically involved in the vacuolar uptake of histidine in S. cerevisiae. The cellular level of Ypq3p-HA(3) was enhanced by depletion of histidine from culture medium, suggesting that it is regulated by the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Manabe
- a Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture , Ehime University , Matsuyama , Japan
| | - Miyuki Kawano-Kawada
- a Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture , Ehime University , Matsuyama , Japan.,b Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), Ehime University , Matsuyama , Japan
| | - Koichi Ikeda
- a Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture , Ehime University , Matsuyama , Japan
| | - Takayuki Sekito
- a Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture , Ehime University , Matsuyama , Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kakinuma
- a Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture , Ehime University , Matsuyama , Japan
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Chardwiriyapreecha S, Manabe K, Iwaki T, Kawano-Kawada M, Sekito T, Lunprom S, Akiyama K, Takegawa K, Kakinuma Y. Functional Expression and Characterization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Avt3p as a Vacuolar Amino Acid Exporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130542. [PMID: 26083598 PMCID: PMC4471098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Avt3p and Avt4p mediate the extrusion of several amino acids from the vacuolar lumen into the cytosol. SpAvt3p of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a homologue of these vacuolar amino acid transporters, has been indicated to be involved in spore formation. In this study, we confirmed that GFP-SpAvt3p localized to the vacuolar membrane in S. pombe. The amounts of various amino acids increased significantly in the vacuolar pool of avt3Δ cells, but decreased in that of avt3+-overexpressing avt3Δ cells. These results suggest that SpAvt3p participates in the vacuolar compartmentalization of amino acids in S. pombe. To examine the export activity of SpAvt3p, we expressed the avt3+ gene in S. cerevisiae cells. We found that the heterologously overproduced GFP-SpAvt3p localized to the vacuolar membrane in S. cerevisiae. Using the vacuolar membrane vesicles isolated from avt3+-overexpressing S. cerevisiae cells, we detected the export activities of alanine and tyrosine in an ATP-dependent manner. These activities were inhibited by the addition of a V-ATPase inhibitor, concanamycin A, thereby suggesting that the activity of SpAvt3p is dependent on a proton electrochemical gradient generated by the action of V-ATPase. In addition, the amounts of various amino acids in the vacuolar pools of S. cerevisiae cells were decreased by the overproduction of SpAvt3p, which indicated that SpAvt3p was functional in S. cerevisiae cells. Thus, SpAvt3p is a vacuolar transporter that is involved in the export of amino acids from S. pombe vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soracom Chardwiriyapreecha
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kunio Manabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomoko Iwaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kawano-Kawada
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan; Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sekito
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Siriporn Lunprom
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan; Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Koichi Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan; Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takegawa
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kakinuma
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
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Chang FY, Kawashima SA, Brady SF. Mutations in the proteolipid subunits of the vacuolar H+-ATPase provide resistance to indolotryptoline natural products. Biochemistry 2014; 53:7123-31. [PMID: 25319670 PMCID: PMC4238801 DOI: 10.1021/bi501078j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Indolotryptoline natural products
represent a small family of structurally
unique chromopyrrolic acid-derived antiproliferative agents. Like
many prospective anticancer agents before them, the exploration of
their potential clinical utility has been hindered by the limited
information known about their mechanism of action. To study the mode
of action of two closely related indolotryptolines (BE-54017, cladoniamide
A), we selected for drug resistant mutants using a multidrug resistance-suppressed
(MDR-sup) Schizosaccharomyces pombe strain. As fission
yeast maintains many of the basic cancer-relevant cellular processes
present in human cells, it represents an appealing model to use in
determining the potential molecular target of antiproliferative natural
products through resistant mutant screening. Full genome sequencing
of resistant mutants identified mutations in the c and c′ subunits
of the proteolipid substructure of the vacuolar H+-ATPase
complex (V-ATPase). This collection of resistance-conferring mutations
maps to a site that is distant from the nucleotide-binding sites of
V-ATPase and distinct from sites found to confer resistance to known
V-ATPase inhibitors. Acid vacuole staining, cross-resistance studies,
and direct c/c′ subunit mutagenesis all suggest that indolotryptolines
are likely a structurally novel class of V-ATPase inhibitors. This
work demonstrates the general utility of resistant mutant selection
using MDR-sup S. pombe as a rapid and potentially
systematic approach for studying the modes of action of cytotoxic
natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Chang
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University , 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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