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GPI Anchored Proteins in Aspergillus fumigatus and Cell Wall Morphogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2020; 425:167-186. [PMID: 32418035 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored proteins are a class of proteins attached to the extracellular leaflet of the plasma membrane via a post-translational modification, the glycolipid anchor. GPI anchored proteins are expressed in all eukaryotes, from fungi to plants and animals. They display very diverse functions ranging from enzymatic activity, signaling, cell adhesion, cell wall metabolism, and immune response. In this review, we investigated for the first time an exhaustive list of all the GPI anchored proteins present in the Aspergillus fumigatus genome. An A. fumigatus mutant library of all the genes that encode in silico identified GPI anchored proteins has been constructed and the phenotypic analysis of all these mutants has been characterized including their growth, conidial viability or morphology, adhesion and the ability to form biofilms. We showed the presence of different fungal categories of GPI anchored proteins in the A. fumigatus genome associated to their role in cell wall remodeling, adhesion, and biofilm formation.
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2
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Pugacheva V, Korotkov A, Korotkov E. Search of latent periodicity in amino acid sequences by means of genetic algorithm and dynamic programming. Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol 2017; 15:381-400. [PMID: 27337743 DOI: 10.1515/sagmb-2015-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to show that amino acid sequences have a latent periodicity with insertions and deletions of amino acids in unknown positions of the analyzed sequence. Genetic algorithm, dynamic programming and random weight matrices were used to develop a new mathematical algorithm for latent periodicity search. A multiple alignment of periods was calculated with help of the direct optimization of the position-weight matrix without using pairwise alignments. The developed algorithm was applied to analyze amino acid sequences of a small number of proteins. This study showed the presence of latent periodicity with insertions and deletions in the amino acid sequences of such proteins, for which the presence of latent periodicity was not previously known. The origin of latent periodicity with insertions and deletions is discussed.
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He X, Li S, Kaminskyj S. An Amylase-Like Protein, AmyD, Is the Major Negative Regulator for α-Glucan Synthesis in Aspergillus nidulans during the Asexual Life Cycle. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040695. [PMID: 28346365 PMCID: PMC5412281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Glucan affects fungal cell–cell interactions and is important for the virulence of pathogenic fungi. Interfering with production of α-glucan could help to prevent fungal infection. In our previous study, we reported that an amylase-like protein, AmyD, could repress α-glucan accumulation in Aspergillus nidulans. However, the underlying molecular mechanism was not clear. Here, we examined the localization of AmyD and found it was a membrane-associated protein. We studied AmyD function in α-glucan degradation, as well as with other predicted amylase-like proteins and three annotated α-glucanases. AmyC and AmyE share a substantial sequence identity with AmyD, however, neither affects α-glucan synthesis. In contrast, AgnB and MutA (but not AgnE) are functional α-glucanases that also repress α-glucan accumulation. Nevertheless, the functions of AmyD and these glucanases were independent from each other. The dynamics of α-glucan accumulation showed different patterns between the AmyD overexpression strain and the α-glucanase overexpression strains, suggesting AmyD may not be involved in the α-glucan degradation process. These results suggest the function of AmyD is to directly suppress α-glucan synthesis, but not to facilitate its degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, China.
| | - Shengnan Li
- Jilin Institute of Biology, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Susan Kaminskyj
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
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Targeted gene deletion in Aspergillus fumigatus using microbial machinery and a recyclable marker. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 95:373-8. [PMID: 24161898 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The emerging invasive fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus causes very serious infections among immunocompromised patient populations. While the genome of this pathogen has been sequenced, a major barrier to better understanding the complex biology of this eukaryotic organism is a lack of tools for efficient genetic manipulation. To improve upon this, we have generated a new gene deletion system for A. fumigatus using yeast recombinational cloning and Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation (ATMT) employing a recyclable marker system. This system reduced the time for generating a gene deletion strain in our hands by two-thirds (12 weeks to 3 weeks) using minimal human labor, and we demonstrate that it can be used to efficiently generate multiple gene deletions within a single strain.
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Camacho E, Sepulveda VE, Goldman WE, San-Blas G, Niño-Vega GA. Expression of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis AMY1 in a Histoplasma capsulatum amy1 mutant, relates an α-(1,4)-amylase to cell wall α-(1,3)-glucan synthesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50201. [PMID: 23185578 PMCID: PMC3502345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the cell walls of the pathogenic yeast phases of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum, the outer α-(1,3)-glucan layer behaves as a virulence factor. In H. capsulatum, an α-(1,4)-amylase gene (AMY1) is essential for the synthesis of this polysaccharide, hence related to virulence. An orthologous gene to H. capsulatum AMY1 was identified in P. brasiliensis and also labeled AMY1. P. brasiliensis AMY1 transcriptional levels were increased during the yeast phase, which correlates with the presence of α-(1,3)-glucan as the major yeast cell wall polysaccharide. Complementation of a H. capsulatum amy1 mutant strain with P. brasiliensis AMY1, suggests that P. brasiliensis Amy1p may play a role in the synthesis of cell wall α-(1,3)-glucan. To study some biochemical properties of P. brasiliensis Amy1p, the enzyme was overexpressed, purified and studied its activity profile with starch and amylopeptin. It showed a relatively higher hydrolyzing activity on amylopeptin than starch, producing oligosaccharides from 4 to 5 glucose residues. Our findings show that P. brasiliensis Amy1p produces maltooligosaccharides which may act as a primer molecule for the fungal cell wall α-(1,3)-glucan biosynthesis by Ags1p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Camacho
- Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Victoria E. Sepulveda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - William E. Goldman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gioconda San-Blas
- Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Gustavo A. Niño-Vega
- Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
- * E-mail:
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6
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Studies on the roles of clathrin-mediated membrane trafficking and zinc transporter Cis4 in the transport of GPI-anchored proteins in fission yeast. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41946. [PMID: 22848669 PMCID: PMC3405024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified Cis4, a zinc transporter belonging to the cation diffusion facilitator protein family, and we demonstrated that Cis4 is implicated in Golgi membrane trafficking in fission yeast. Here, we identified three glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, namely Ecm33, Aah3, and Gaz2, as multicopy suppressors of the MgCl2-sensitive phenotype of cis4-1 mutant. The phenotypes of ecm33, aah3 and gaz2 deletion cells were distinct from each other, and Cis4 overexpression suppressed Δecm33 phenotypes but did not suppress Δaah3 defects. Notably, green fluorescent protein-tagged Ecm33, which was observed at the cell surface in wild-type cells, mostly localized as intracellular dots that are presumed to be the Golgi and endosomes in membrane-trafficking mutants, including Δapm1, ypt3-i5, and chc1-1 mutants. Interestingly, all these membrane-trafficking mutants showed hypersensitivity to BE49385A, an inhibitor of Its8 that is involved in GPI-anchored protein synthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that GPI-anchored proteins are transported through a clathrin-mediated post-Golgi membrane trafficking pathway and that zinc transporter Cis4 may play roles in membrane trafficking of GPI-anchored proteins in fission yeast.
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Cao W, Maruyama JI, Kitamoto K, Sumikoshi K, Terada T, Nakamura S, Shimizu K. Using a new GPI-anchored-protein identification system to mine the protein databases of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, and Aspergillus oryzae. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2009; 55:381-93. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.55.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Holbrook ED, Rappleye CA. Histoplasma capsulatum pathogenesis: making a lifestyle switch. Curr Opin Microbiol 2008; 11:318-24. [PMID: 18573684 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The dimorphism of Histoplasma reflects a developmental switch in morphology and lifestyle that is necessary for virulence. The dimorphism regulating kinase DRK1 and the Histoplasma WOR1 homolog RYP1 mediate the thermally induced transition to the pathogenic yeast-phase program. The genes expressed as part of this regulon influence the host-pathogen interaction to favor Histoplasma virulence. While surface localized HSP60 supports yeast attachment to host macrophages, yeast alpha-glucan polysaccharides conceal immunostimulatory cell wall beta-glucans from detection by macrophage receptors. Intramacrophage growth of yeast cells is facilitated by CBP a secreted, protease-resistant calcium-binding protein tailored to function within the phagolysosomal environment. In some Histoplasma strains, YPS3 promotes dissemination of yeast from pulmonary infection sites. The Histoplasma yeast-phase program includes additional cell surface and extracellular molecules that potentially function in further aspects of Histoplasma virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Holbrook
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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Yuan XL, van der Kaaij RM, van den Hondel CAMJJ, Punt PJ, van der Maarel MJEC, Dijkhuizen L, Ram AFJ. Aspergillus niger genome-wide analysis reveals a large number of novel alpha-glucan acting enzymes with unexpected expression profiles. Mol Genet Genomics 2008; 279:545-61. [PMID: 18320228 PMCID: PMC2413074 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-008-0332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous ascomycete Aspergillus niger is well known for its ability to produce a large variety of enzymes for the degradation of plant polysaccharide material. A major carbon and energy source for this soil fungus is starch, which can be degraded by the concerted action of α-amylase, glucoamylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, members of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 13, 15 and 31, respectively. In this study we have combined analysis of the genome sequence of A. niger CBS 513.88 with microarray experiments to identify novel enzymes from these families and to predict their physiological functions. We have identified 17 previously unknown family GH13, 15 and 31 enzymes in the A. niger genome, all of which have orthologues in other aspergilli. Only two of the newly identified enzymes, a putative α-glucosidase (AgdB) and an α-amylase (AmyC), were predicted to play a role in starch degradation. The expression of the majority of the genes identified was not induced by maltose as carbon source, and not dependent on the presence of AmyR, the transcriptional regulator for starch degrading enzymes. The possible physiological functions of the other predicted family GH13, GH15 and GH31 enzymes, including intracellular enzymes and cell wall associated proteins, in alternative α-glucan modifying processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lian Yuan
- Clusius Laboratory, Molecular Microbiology and Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentations, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Microarray Department, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 318, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel M. van der Kaaij
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing, TNO, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Cees A. M. J. J. van den Hondel
- Clusius Laboratory, Molecular Microbiology and Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentations, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Punt
- TNO Quality of Life, Business Unit Food and Biotechnology Innovations, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J. E. C. van der Maarel
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing, TNO, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
- TNO Quality of Life, Business Unit Food and Biotechnology Innovations, Rouaanstraat 27, 9723 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing, TNO, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur F. J. Ram
- Clusius Laboratory, Molecular Microbiology and Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentations, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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van der Kaaij RM, Janeček Š, van der Maarel MJEC, Dijkhuizen L. Phylogenetic and biochemical characterization of a novel cluster of intracellular fungal alpha-amylase enzymes. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2008; 153:4003-4015. [PMID: 18048915 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/008607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently known fungal alpha-amylases are well-characterized extracellular enzymes that are classified into glycoside hydrolase subfamily GH13_1. This study describes the identification, and phylogenetic and biochemical analysis of novel intracellular fungal alpha-amylases. The phylogenetic analysis shows that they cluster in the recently identified subfamily GH13_5 and display very low similarity to fungal alpha-amylases of family GH13_1. Homologues of these intracellular enzymes are present in the genome sequences of all filamentous fungi studied, including ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. One of the enzymes belonging to this new group, Amy1p from Histoplasma capsulatum, has recently been functionally linked to the formation of cell wall alpha-glucan. To study the biochemical characteristics of this novel cluster of alpha-amylases, we overexpressed and purified a homologue from Aspergillus niger, AmyD, and studied its activity product profile with starch and related substrates. AmyD has a relatively low hydrolysing activity on starch (2.2 U mg(-1)), producing mainly maltotriose. A possible function of these enzymes in relation to cell wall alpha-glucan synthesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M van der Kaaij
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing, TNO-University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands.,Microbial Physiology Research Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Š Janeček
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M J E C van der Maarel
- Business Unit Food and Biotechnology Innovations, TNO Quality of Life, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing, TNO-University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands.,Microbial Physiology Research Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Dijkhuizen
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing, TNO-University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands.,Microbial Physiology Research Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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van der Kaaij RM, Yuan XL, Franken A, Ram AFJ, Punt PJ, van der Maarel MJEC, Dijkhuizen L. Two novel, putatively cell wall-associated and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored alpha-glucanotransferase enzymes of Aspergillus niger. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2007; 6:1178-88. [PMID: 17496125 PMCID: PMC1951109 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00354-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the genome sequence of Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88, three genes were identified with high similarity to fungal alpha-amylases. The protein sequences derived from these genes were different in two ways from all described fungal alpha-amylases: they were predicted to be glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored, and some highly conserved amino acids of enzymes in the alpha-amylase family were absent. We expressed two of these enzymes in a suitable A. niger strain and characterized the purified proteins. Both enzymes showed transglycosylation activity on donor substrates with alpha-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds and at least five anhydroglucose units. The enzymes, designated AgtA and AgtB, produced new alpha-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds and therefore belong to the group of the 4-alpha-glucanotransferases (EC 2.4.1.25). Their reaction products reached a degree of polymerization of at least 30. Maltose and larger maltooligosaccharides were the most efficient acceptor substrates, although AgtA also used small nigerooligosaccharides containing alpha-(1,3)-glycosidic bonds as acceptor substrate. An agtA knockout of A. niger showed an increased susceptibility towards the cell wall-disrupting compound calcofluor white, indicating a cell wall integrity defect in this strain. Homologues of AgtA and AgtB are present in other fungal species with alpha-glucans in their cell walls, but not in yeast species lacking cell wall alpha-glucan. Possible roles for these enzymes in the synthesis and/or maintenance of the fungal cell wall are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M van der Kaaij
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing, TNO-University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
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12
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de Groot PWJ, Yin QY, Weig M, Sosinska GJ, Klis FM, de Koster CG. Mass spectrometric identification of covalently bound cell wall proteins from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Yeast 2007; 24:267-78. [PMID: 17230583 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell wall of Schizosaccharomyces pombe is bilayered, consisting of an inner layer of mainly polysaccharides and an outer layer of galactomannoproteins. We present a detailed analysis of the cell wall proteome. Six covalently-bound cell wall proteins (CWPs) were identified using tandem mass spectrometry, including four predicted GPI-dependent CWPs (Gas1p, Gas5p, Ecm33p and Pwp1p) and two alkali-sensitive CWPs (Psu1p and Asl1p). Gas1p and Gas5p belong to glycoside hydrolase family 72, and are believed to be involved in 1,3-beta-glucan elongation. Ecm33p belongs to a ubiquitous fungal protein family with an unknown but crucial function in cell wall integrity. Pwp1p is an abundant protein with an unknown but probably non-enzymatic function. All four CWPs were present in HF-pyridine extracts, indicating that they are linked via a phosphodiester bridge to the glucan network. Psu1p is a homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sun family, whereas Asl1p has no homologues in S. cerevisiae but is related to Aspergillus fumigatus and Ustilago maydis proteins. Finally, although the protein content of Sz. pombe cell walls is only slightly less than in S. cerevisiae and Candida albicans, the amount of carbohydrate added to the proteins was found to be two- to three-fold decreased, consistent with earlier reported differences in outer chain N-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet W J de Groot
- SILS-Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Iwaki T, Morita T, Tanaka N, Giga-Hama Y, Takegawa K. Loss of a GPI-anchored membrane protein Aah3p causes a defect in vacuolar protein sorting in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2007; 71:623-6. [PMID: 17284820 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Schizosaccharomyces pombe has four alpha-amylase homologs (Aah1p-Aah4p) with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) modification site at the C-terminal end. Disruption mutants of aah genes were tested for mislocalization of vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y (CPY), and aah3Delta was found to secrete CPY. The conversion rate from pro- to mature CPY was greatly impaired in aah3Delta, and fluorescence microscopy inidicated that a sorting receptor for CPY, Vps10p, mislocalized to the vacuolar membrane. These results indicate that aah3Delta had a defect in the retrograde transport of Vps10p, and that Aah3p is the first S. pombe specific protein required for vacuolar protein sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Iwaki
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan
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14
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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15
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Richard ML, Plaine A. Comprehensive analysis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in Candida albicans. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2006; 6:119-33. [PMID: 17189485 PMCID: PMC1797948 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00297-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias L Richard
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaire, INA P-G UMR-INRA1238 UMR-CNRS2585, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
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16
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Sharifmoghadam MR, Bustos-Sanmamed P, Valdivieso MH. The fission yeast Map4 protein is a novel adhesin required for mating. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:4457-62. [PMID: 16857197 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Revised: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 07/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion is required for many cellular processes. In fungi, cell-cell contact during mating, flocculation or virulence is mediated by adhesins, which typically are glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-modified cell wall glycoproteins. Proteins with internal repeats (PIR) are surface proteins involved in the response to stress. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe no adhesins or PIR proteins have been described. Here we study the S. pombe Map4p, which defines a new class of surface protein that is not GPI-modified and has a serine/threonine rich domain and internal repeats that differ from those present in PIR proteins. Map4p is a mating type-specific adhesin required for mating in h(+) cells and enhances cell adhesion when overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Sharifmoghadam
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Room 231, Instituto de Microbiología Bioquímica, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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