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Mehdikhani F, Bahar A, Bashi M, Mohammadlou M, Yousefi B. From immunomodulation to therapeutic prospects: Unveiling the biology of butyrophilins in cancer. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4081. [PMID: 38934382 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Butyrophilin (BTN) proteins are a type of membrane protein that belongs to the Ig superfamily. They exhibit a high degree of structural similarity to molecules in the B7 family. They fulfill a complex function in regulating immune responses, including immunomodulatory roles, as they influence γδ T cells. The biology of BTN molecules indicates that they are capable of inhibiting the immune system's ability to detect antigens within tumors. A dynamic association between BTN molecules and cellular surfaces is also recognized in specific contexts, influencing their biology. Notably, the dynamism of BTN3A1 is associated with the immunosuppression of T cells or the activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Cancer immunotherapy relies heavily on T cells to modulate immune function within the intricate interaction of the tumor microenvironment (TME). A significant interaction between the TME and antitumor immunity involves the presence of BTN, which should be taken into account when developing immunotherapy. This review explores potential therapeutic applications of BTN molecules, based on the current understanding of their biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mehdikhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysa Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Bashi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadlou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Jena MK, Jaswal S, Kumar S, Mohanty AK. Molecular mechanism of mammary gland involution: An update. Dev Biol 2019; 445:145-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Li JX, Said A, Ge XG, Wang W, Zhang Y, Jin T. Development and validation of immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line as an in vitro model for the study of mammary gland functions. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:67-82. [PMID: 28918563 PMCID: PMC5809642 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a bovine mammary epithelial (BME) cell line model, which provides a possibility to determine functional properties of the bovine mammary gland. The primary cell culture was derived from bovine mammary gland tissues and processed enzymatically to obtain cell colonies with epithelial-like morphology. The cultures of BME cells were purified and optimally cultured at 37 °C in DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The BME cells were identified as epithelial cell line by the evaluating the expression of keratin-18 using immunofluorescence staining. A novel gene expression system strongly enhances the expression of telomerase, has been used to immortalize BME cell line termed hTBME cell line. Interestingly, telomerase remained active even after over 60 passages of hTBME cell line, required for immortalization of BME cells. In addition, the hTBME cell line was continuously subcultured with a spontaneous epithelial-like morphology, with a great proliferation activity, and without evidence of apoptotic and necrotic effects. Further characterization showed that hTBME cell line can be continuously propagated in culture with constant chromosomal features and without tumorigenic properties. Finally, established hTBME cell line was evaluated for mammary gland specific functions. Our results demonstrated that the hTBME cell line was able to retain functional-morphological structure, and functional differentiation by expression of beta (β)-casein as in the bovine mammary gland in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest that the established hTBME cell line can serve as a valuable tool for the study of bovine mammary gland functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xia Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdelrahman Said
- Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Xiu-Guo Ge
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianming Jin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China.
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Soekmadji C, Corcoran NM, Oleinikova I, Jovanovic L, Ramm GA, Nelson CC, Jenster G, Russell PJ. Extracellular vesicles for personalized therapy decision support in advanced metastatic cancers and its potential impact for prostate cancer. Prostate 2017; 77:1416-1423. [PMID: 28856701 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, as liquid biopsy-derived biomarkers for cancers have been investigated. CTC enumeration using the CellSearch based platform provides an accurate insight on overall survival where higher CTC counts indicate poor prognosis for patients with advanced metastatic cancer. EVs provide information based on their lipid, protein, and nucleic acid content and can be isolated from biofluids and analyzed from a relatively small volume, providing a routine and non-invasive modality to monitor disease progression. Our pilot experiment by assessing the level of two subpopulations of small EVs, the CD9 positive and CD63 positive EVs, showed that the CD9 positive EV level is higher in plasma from patients with advanced metastatic prostate cancer with detectable CTCs. These data show the potential utility of a particular EV subpopulation to serve as biomarkers for advanced metastatic prostate cancer. EVs can potentially be utilized as biomarkers to provide accurate genotypic and phenotypic information for advanced prostate cancer, where new strategies to design a more personalized therapy is currently the focus of considerable investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Soekmadji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Niall M Corcoran
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Epworth, and Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Irina Oleinikova
- Department of Urology, Queensland Health, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lidija Jovanovic
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant A Ramm
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Centre, R,otterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela J Russell
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Janmeda M, Kharadi V, Pandya G, Brahmkshtri B, Ramani U, Tyagi K. Relative gene expression of fatty acid synthesis genes at 60 days postpartum in bovine mammary epithelial cells of Surti and Jafarabadi buffaloes. Vet World 2017; 10:467-476. [PMID: 28620248 PMCID: PMC5465758 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.467-476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Aim of the study was to study the relative gene expression of genes associated with fatty acid synthesis at 60 days postpartum (pp) in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MECs) of Surti and Jafarabadi buffaloes. Materials and Methods: A total of 10 healthy Surti and Jafarabadi buffaloes of each breed were selected at random from Livestock Research Station, Navsari and Cattle Breeding Farm, Junagadh, Gujarat, respectively, for this study. Milk sample was collected from each selected buffalo at day 60 pp from these two breeds to study relative gene expression of major milk fat genes using non-invasive approach of obtaining primary bovine MECs (pBMEC) from milk samples. Results: In this study overall, the relative expression of the six major milk lipogenic genes butyrophilin subfamily 1 member A1 (BTN1A1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase mitochondrial (GPAM), acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha (ACACA), and lipin (LPIN) did not show changes in expression patterns at 60th day of lactation in both Surti and Jafarabadi buffaloes. Conclusion: The pBMEC can be successfully recovered from 1500 ml of milk of Surti and Jafarabadi buffaloes using antibody-mediated magnetic bead separation and can be further used for recovering RNA for down step quantification of major milk lipogenic gene expression. The relative expression of the six major milk lipogenic genes BTN1A1, SCD, LPL, GPAM, ACACA, and LPIN did not show changes in expression patterns in both Surti and Jafarabadi buffaloes, suggesting expression levels of lipogenic genes are maintained almost uniform till peak lactation without any significant difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Janmeda
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Vishnu Kharadi
- Livestock Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Gaurav Pandya
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Balkrishna Brahmkshtri
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Umed Ramani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Kuldeep Tyagi
- Livestock Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
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Smoczyński M. Role of Phospholipid Flux during Milk Secretion in the Mammary Gland. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2017; 22:117-129. [PMID: 28243823 PMCID: PMC5488156 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-017-9376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a complex group of chemical compounds that are a significant component of the human diet and are one of the main constituents of milk. In mammals, lipids are produced in the milk-secreting cells in the form of milk fat globules. The chemical properties of these compounds necessitate developing separate processes for effective management of non-polar substances in the polar environment of the cell, not only during their biosynthesis and accumulation in the cell interior and secretion of intracytoplasmic lipid droplets outside the cell, but also during digestion in the offspring. Phospholipids play an important role in these processes. Their characteristic properties make them indispensable for the secretion of milk fat as well as other milk components. This review investigates how these processes depend on the coordinated flux and availability of phospholipids and how the relationship between the surface area (phospholipids) and volume (neutral lipids) of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets must be in biosynthetic balance. The structure formed as a result (i.e. a milk fat globule) is therefore a result of specified structural limitations inside the cell, whose overcoming enables the coordinated secretion of milk components. This structure and its composition also reflects the nutritional demands of the developing infant organism as a result of evolutionary adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Smoczyński
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str. 7, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Shandilya UK, Sharma A, Sodhi M, Kapila N, Kishore A, Mohanty A, Kataria R, Malakar D, Mukesh M. Matrix-based three-dimensional culture of buffalo mammary epithelial cells showed higher induction of genes related to milk protein and fatty acid metabolism. Cell Biol Int 2015; 40:232-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankita Sharma
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Monika Sodhi
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Neha Kapila
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Amit Kishore
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Ashok Mohanty
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Ranjit Kataria
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Dhruva Malakar
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Manishi Mukesh
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources; Karnal Haryana India
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Novakovic P, Charavaryamath C, Moshynskyy I, Lockerbie B, Kaushik RS, Loewen ME, Kidney BA, Stuart C, Simko E. Evaluation of inhibition of F4ac positive Escherichia coli attachment with xanthine dehydrogenase, butyrophilin, lactadherin and fatty acid binding protein. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:238. [PMID: 26374102 PMCID: PMC4571123 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal and post-weaning colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli is responsible for substantial economic losses encountered by the pork industry. Intestinal colonization of young piglets by E. coli depends on the efficiency of bacterial attachment to host gastrointestinal epithelium that is mediated by fimbriae. We tested the effect of porcine individual milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins on F4ac positive E. coli attachment to porcine enterocytes in vitro. Results Butyrophilin, lactadherin and fatty acid binding protein inhibited fimbriae-dependent adherence of E. coli to enterocytes in vitro, while xanthine dehydrogenase did not. The inhibiting activity was dose-dependent for all three proteins, but the inhibiting efficiency was different. Conclusions The results indicate that MFGM proteins may interfere with attachment of E. coli to porcine neonatal intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Novakovic
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Chandrashekhar Charavaryamath
- Western University of Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA.
| | - Igor Moshynskyy
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Betty Lockerbie
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Radhey S Kaushik
- Biology & Microbiology-Box 2140D, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
| | - Matthew E Loewen
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Beverly A Kidney
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Chris Stuart
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Elemir Simko
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Pathophysiology of circulating xanthine oxidoreductase: New emerging roles for a multi-tasking enzyme. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1502-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gross J, Kessler E, Bjerre-Harpoth V, Dechow C, Baumrucker C, Bruckmaier R. Peripartal progesterone and prolactin have little effect on the rapid transport of immunoglobulin G into colostrum of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2923-31. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Murgiano L, D'Alessandro A, Zolla L, Valentini A, Pariset L. Comparison of Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM) proteins in milk samples of Chianina and Holstein cattle breeds across three lactation phases through 2D IEF SDS PAGE — A preliminary study. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Janjanam J, Jamwal M, Singh S, Kumar S, Panigrahi AK, Hariprasad G, Jena MK, Anand V, Kumar S, Kaushik JK, Dang AK, Mukesh M, Mishra BP, Srinivasan A, Reddy VS, Mohanty AK. Proteome analysis of functionally differentiated bovine (Bos indicus
) mammary epithelial cells isolated from milk. Proteomics 2013; 13:3189-204. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Janjanam
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
| | - Manu Jamwal
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
| | - Surender Singh
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
| | - Saravanan Kumar
- Plant Transformation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB); New Delhi India
| | - Aswini K. Panigrahi
- Biosciences Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Gururao Hariprasad
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS); New Delhi India
| | - Manoj K. Jena
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
| | - Vijay Anand
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
| | - Jai K. Kaushik
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
| | - Ajay K. Dang
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
| | - Manishi Mukesh
- DNA Fingerprinting Unit, National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR); Karnal India
| | - Bishnu P. Mishra
- DNA Fingerprinting Unit, National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR); Karnal India
| | - Alagiri Srinivasan
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS); New Delhi India
| | - Vanga S. Reddy
- Plant Transformation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB); New Delhi India
| | - Ashok K. Mohanty
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
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Chiaradia E, Valiani A, Tartaglia M, Scoppetta F, Renzone G, Arena S, Avellini L, Benda S, Gaiti A, Scaloni A. Ovine subclinical mastitis: Proteomic analysis of whey and milk fat globules unveils putative diagnostic biomarkers in milk. J Proteomics 2013; 83:144-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sarhan A, Bocca S, Yu L, Anderson S, Jacot T, Burch T, Nyalwidhe JO, Sullivan C, Kaur M, Bajic VB, Oehninger S. Human endometrial milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFGE8) is up regulated by estradiol at the transcriptional level, and its secretion via microvesicles is stimulated by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2054-1481-1-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Riggs RM, Bocca S, Anderson S, Franchi A, Rhavi BS, Oehninger S. Epithelial cell protein milk fat globule–epidermal growth factor 8 and human chorionic gonadotropin regulate stromal cell apoptosis in the human endometrium. Fertil Steril 2012; 98:1549-56.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kaushik R, Singh KP, Kumari A, Singh MK, Manik RS, Palta P, Singla SK, Chauhan MS. Isolation, characterization, and EGFP expression in the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) mammary gland epithelial cell line. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2012. [PMID: 23180034 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-012-9557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to establish a buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BuMECs) line and maintain it for long-term by subculturing. BuMECs isolated from lactating buffalo mammary glands were cultured on a collagen matrix gel. BuMECs expressed significant amounts of the epithelial cell specific marker cytokeratin 18 as determined by immunohistochemistry. The BuMECs displayed monolayer, cobble-stone morphology, and formed lumen-, dome-, and duct-like structures. Furthermore, they were capable of synthesizing CSN2, BLG, ACACA, and BTN1A1, showed viability after thawing and expressed milk protein genes. The enhanced green fluorescent protein gene was transferred successfully into the BuMECs using lipofection method and the transfected cells could be maintained for long-term in culture by subculturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakant Kaushik
- Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
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Anand V, Dogra N, Singh S, Kumar SN, Jena MK, Malakar D, Dang AK, Mishra BP, Mukhopadhyay TK, Kaushik JK, Mohanty AK. Establishment and characterization of a buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) mammary epithelial cell line. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40469. [PMID: 22792341 PMCID: PMC3392245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to establish the buffalo mammary epithelial cell line (BuMEC) and characterize its mammary specific functions. METHODOLOGY Buffalo mammary tissue collected from the slaughter house was processed enzymatically to obtain a heterogenous population of cells containing both epithelial and fibroblasts cells. Epithelial cells were purified by selective trypsinization and were grown in a plastic substratum. The purified mammary epithelial cells (MECs) after several passages were characterized for mammary specific functions by immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and western blot. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The established buffalo mammary epithelial cell line (BuMEC) exhibited epithelial cell characteristics by immunostaining positively with cytokeratin 18 and negatively with vimentin. The BuMEC maintained the characteristics of its functional differentiation by expression of β-casein, κ-casein, butyrophilin and lactoferrin. BuMEC had normal growth properties and maintained diploid chromosome number (2n = 50) before and after cryopreservation. A spontaneously immortalized buffalo mammary epithelial cell line was established after 20 passages and was continuously subcultured for more than 60 passages without senescence. CONCLUSIONS We have established a buffalo mammary epithelial cell line that can be used as a model system for studying mammary gland functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Anand
- National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Nilambra Dogra
- National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research (NCHGSR), Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Manoj K. Jena
- National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | | | - Ajay K. Dang
- National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | | | - Tapas K. Mukhopadhyay
- National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research (NCHGSR), Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Pisanu S, Ghisaura S, Pagnozzi D, Falchi G, Biosa G, Tanca A, Roggio T, Uzzau S, Addis MF. Characterization of sheep milk fat globule proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry and generation of a reference map. Int Dairy J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Smoczyński M, Staniewski B, Kiełczewska K. Composition and Structure of the Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane—Some Nutritional and Technological Implications. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2011.595024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vanderghem C, Francis F, Danthine S, Deroanne C, Paquot M, De Pauw E, Blecker C. Study on the susceptibility of the bovine milk fat globule membrane proteins to enzymatic hydrolysis and organization of some of the proteins. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Pisanu S, Ghisaura S, Pagnozzi D, Biosa G, Tanca A, Roggio T, Uzzau S, Addis MF. The sheep milk fat globule membrane proteome. J Proteomics 2010; 74:350-8. [PMID: 21147282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) are three-layered structures that enclose fat droplets, and are composed by an internal monolayer of endoplasmic reticulum origin, surrounded by a bilayer derived from the apical membrane of the lactating cell. In this work, an optimized protein extraction method was applied to sheep MFGM, and extracts were subjected to SDS-PAGE separation followed by shotgun LC tandem mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS/MS) for identification and characterization. In total, 140 unique sheep MFGM proteins (MFGMPs) were identified. All protein identification data were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) classification for localization and function. Moreover, the relative abundance of all identified MFGMPs was estimated by means of the normalized spectral abundance factor (NSAF) approach, and GO abundance classes were obtained. The data gathered in this work provide a detailed picture of the proteome expressed in healthy sheep MFGs, and lay the foundations for future studies on sheep lactation physiology and on its alterations in pathological conditions.
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Escrivá F, González-Rodriguez Á, Fernández-Millán E, Rondinone CM, Álvarez C, Valverde ÁM. PTP1B deficiency enhances liver growth during suckling by increasing the expression of insulin-like growth factor-I. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:214-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Nazarenko I, Rana S, Baumann A, McAlear J, Hellwig A, Trendelenburg M, Lochnit G, Preissner KT, Zöller M. Cell surface tetraspanin Tspan8 contributes to molecular pathways of exosome-induced endothelial cell activation. Cancer Res 2010; 70:1668-78. [PMID: 20124479 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes containing the tetraspanin Tspan8 can efficiently induce angiogenesis in tumors and tumor-free tissues. However, little information exists on exosome-endothelial cell (EC) interactions or the proangiogenic role of tetraspanins, which are a constitutive component of exosomes. In this study, we used a rat adenocarcinoma model (AS-Tspan8) to explore the effects of exosomal Tspan8 on angiogenesis. Tspan8 contributed to a selective recruitment of proteins and mRNA into exosomes, including CD106 and CD49d, which were implicated in exosome-EC binding and EC internalization. We found that EC internalized Tspan8-CD49d complex-containing exosomes. Exosome uptake induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-independent regulation of several angiogenesis-related genes, including von Willebrand factor, Tspan8, chemokines CXCL5 and MIF, chemokine receptor CCR1, and, together with VEGF, VEGF receptor 2. EC uptake of Tspan8-CD49d complex-containing exosomes was accompanied by enhanced EC proliferation, migration, sprouting, and maturation of EC progenitors. Unraveling these new pathways of exosome-initiated EC regulation could provide new options for therapeutic interference with tumor-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Nazarenko
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Comparison of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins of Chianina and Holstein cattle breed milk samples through proteomics methods. Nutrients 2009; 1:302-15. [PMID: 22253986 PMCID: PMC3257596 DOI: 10.3390/nu1020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of proteins involved in milk production is important to understand the biology of lactation. Many studies have advanced the understanding of mammary function and milk secretion, but the critical molecular mechanisms implicated in milk fat secretion is still incomplete. Milk fat globules are secreted from the apical surface of the mammary cells, surrounded by a thin membrane bilayer, the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), formed by proteins which have been suggested to be cholesterolemia-lowering factors, inhibitors of cancer cell growth, vitamin binders, bactericidal, suppressors of multiple sclerosis. Using a proteomic approach, we compared MFGM from milk samples of individuals belonging to two different cattle breeds, Chianina and Holstein, representative of selection for milk and meat traits, respectively. We were able to isolate some of the major MFGM proteins in the examined samples and to identify differences between the protein fractions of the two breeds. We detected differences in the amount of proteins linked to mammary gland development and lipid droplets formation, as well as host defence mechanisms. We have shown that proteomics is a suitable, unbiased method for the study of milk fractions proteins and a powerful tool in nutritional genomics.
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Hu H, Wang J, Bu D, Wei H, Zhou L, Li F, Loor JJ. In vitro culture and characterization of a mammary epithelial cell line from Chinese Holstein dairy cow. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7636. [PMID: 19888476 PMCID: PMC2768788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to establish a culture system and elucidate the unique characteristics of a bovine mammary epithelial cell line in vitro. Methodology Mammary tissue from a three year old lactating dairy cow (ca. 100 d relative to parturition) was used as a source of the epithelial cell line, which was cultured in collagen-coated tissue culture dishes. Fibroblasts and epithelial cells successively grew and extended from the culturing mammary tissue at the third day. Pure epithelial cells were obtained by passages culture. Principal Findings The strong positive immunostaining to cytokeratin 18 suggested that the resulting cell line exhibited the specific character of epithelial cells. Epithelial cells cultured in the presence of 10% FBS, supraphysiologic concentrations of insulin, and hydrocortisone maintained a normal diploid chromosome modal number of 2n = 60. Furthermore, they were capable of synthesizing β-casein (CSN2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α (ACACA) and butyrophilin (BTN1A1). An important finding was that frozen preservation in a mixture of 90% FBS and 10% DMSO did not influence the growth characteristics, chromosome number, or protein secretion of the isolated epithelial cell line. Conclusions The obtained mammary epithelial cell line had normal morphology, growth characteristics, cytogenetic and secretory characteristics, thus, it might represent an useful tool for studying the function of Chinese Holstein dairy cows mammary epithelial cell (CMECs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (DB)
| | - Dengpan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (DB)
| | - Hongyang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Linyun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Fadi Li
- Faculty of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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Casado B, Affolter M, Kussmann M. OMICS-rooted studies of milk proteins, oligosaccharides and lipids. J Proteomics 2009; 73:196-208. [PMID: 19793547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Milk has co-evolved with mammals and mankind to nourish their offspring and is a biological fluid of unique complexity and richness. It contains all necessary nutrients for the growth and development of the newborn. Structure and function of biomolecules in milk such as the macronutrients (glyco-) proteins, lipids, and oligosaccharides are central topics in nutritional research. Omics disciplines such as proteomics, glycomics, glycoproteomics, and lipidomics enable comprehensive analysis of these biomolecule components in food science and industry. Mass spectrometry has largely expanded our knowledge on these milk bioactives as it enables identification, quantification and characterization of milk proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. In this article, we describe the biological importance of milk macronutrients and review the application of proteomics, glycomics, glycoproteomics, and lipidomics to the analysis of milk. Proteomics is a central platform among the Omics tools that have more recently been adapted and applied to nutrition and health research in order to deliver biomarkers for health and comfort as well as to discover beneficial food bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Casado
- Department of Bioanalytical Science, Nestlé Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
We sought to determine the contributions of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) to the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphomas. We found that T-cell PTP (TC-PTP) was overexpressed in transformed B cells. We hypothesized that TC-PTP may be a tumor-promoting gene that is regulated by MYC overexpression in B cells. Knockdown of TC-PTP in murine tumors resulted in decreased cell viability in vitro because of an arrest in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, cells with reduced TC-PTP expression were unable to either engraft or expand in vivo. Taken together, these data indicate that TC-PTP is required for B-cell tumor maintenance. Our data also suggested a correlation between TC-PTP expression and MYC overexpression. To investigate this further, we used malignant murine B cells that contain a doxycycline-repressible MYC transgene. We found that repression of MYC overexpression with doxycycline reduced TC-PTP expression. Moreover, enforced expression of TC-PTP showed partial rescue of the expansion of tumor cells after suppression of MYC overexpression. These results suggest that MYC overexpression induces TC-PTP overexpression, which in turn promotes tumor proliferation, implicating TC-PTP as an important effector of the MYC-driven proliferation program in B-cell lymphomas. Thus, TC-PTP may be a suitable molecular target for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas.
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Bianchi L, Puglia M, Landi C, Matteoni S, Perini D, Armini A, Verani M, Trombetta C, Soldani P, Roncada P, Greppi G, Pallini V, Bini L. Solubilization methods and reference 2-DE map of cow milk fat globules. J Proteomics 2009; 72:853-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2008.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Yoo YA, Kang MH, Kim BS, Kim JS, Seo JH. Sustained co-cultivation with human placenta-derived MSCs enhances ALK5/Smad3 signaling in human breast epithelial cells, leading to EMT and differentiation. Differentiation 2009; 77:450-61. [PMID: 19375841 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between mammary epithelial cells and their surrounding microenvironment are important in the development of the mammary gland. Thus, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which retain pluripotency for various mesenchymal lineages, may provide a permissive environment for the morphologic alteration and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. To this end, we investigated whether the interactions between mammary epithelial cells and human placenta-derived MSCs (hPMSC) affect the morphology, proliferation, and differentiation of epithelial cells in a co-culture system. We show that after co-culture with hPMSCs, human mammary epithelial cell lines (MCF-10F and HEMC) underwent significant morphologic alterations and a dramatic increase in ductal-alveolar branching, which was accompanied by a decrease or loss of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and a gain of the mesenchymal markers, alpha-SMA and vimentin. MCF-10F and HEMC proliferation was also inhibited in the presence of hPMSCs, and this retardation in growth was due to cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, in MCF-10F and HMEC cells, hPMSCs induced the production of lipid droplets, milk fat globule protein, and milk protein lactoferrin, which are markers of functional mammary differentiation. We also noticed an elevation in ALK5 and phosphorylated Smad3 protein levels upon hPMSC co-culture. Strikingly, the changes in morphology, proliferation, and differentiation were reversed by treatment with ALK5 or Smad3 knockdown in MCF-10F/hPMSC co-cultures. Collectively, our findings suggest that co-cultivation with hPMSCs leads to epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and differentiation of human breast epithelial cells through the ALK5/Smad3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young A Yoo
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, South Korea
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30
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Vanderghem C, Blecker C, Danthine S, Deroanne C, Haubruge E, Guillonneau F, De Pauw E, Francis F. Proteome analysis of the bovine milk fat globule: Enhancement of membrane purification. Int Dairy J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Aziz MM, Ishihara S, Rumi MAK, Mishima Y, Oshima N, Kadota C, Moriyama I, Li YY, Rahman FB, Otani A, Oka A, Ishimura N, Kadowaki Y, Amano Y, Kinoshita Y. Prolactin induces MFG-E8 production in macrophages via transcription factor C/EBPbeta-dependent pathway. Apoptosis 2008; 13:609-20. [PMID: 18392683 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The lactogenic hormone prolactin (PRL) regulates milk protein gene expression in mammary glands. To maintain homeostatic balance in the body, milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is vital for phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells. We investigated the effects of PRL on MFG-E8 expression in macrophages by evaluating its promoter function. Macrophages were stimulated with PRL, and the expression of MFG-E8 was determined using real-time PCR and Western blotting. The role of MFG-E8 on phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in PRL-treated macrophages was assessed using microscopy, while the response of PRL to MFG-E8 expression was evaluated using luciferase assay. Following treatment with PRL, significant up-regulations of the PRL receptor and MFG-E8 were observed in macrophages, though PRL-treated macrophages more efficiently engulfed apoptotic cells. The results of MFG-E8 promoter analysis showed considerable up-regulation of promoter activity in macrophages following PRL treatment and results from mutation analysis of the MFG-E8 promoter suggested that the C/EBPbeta binding site was responsible for PRL-induced activation of the MFG-E8 promoter. C/EBPbeta activity was found to be up-regulated in PRL-treated cells as revealed by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). In conclusion, PRL is a potent inducer of MFG-E8 expression in macrophages, while its effect is mediated by the presence of a responsive element in the MFG-E8 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monowar Aziz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University School of Medicine, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
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Cavaletto M, Giuffrida MG, Conti A. Milk Fat Globule Membrane Components–A Proteomic Approach. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 606:129-41. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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