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Feng J, Yao Y, Qiao Y, Ma X, Wu Z, Duan Y, Di P, Chen W, Xiao Y. Effect of pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases on biosynthesis of lignans with substrate selectivity in Schisandra chinensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 221:114053. [PMID: 38479587 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Schisandra lignans are the main bioactive compounds found in Schisandra chinensis fruits, such as schisandrol lignans and schisandrin lignans, which play important roles in organ protection or other clinical roles. Pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase (PLR) plays a pivotal role in plant lignan biosynthesis, however, limited research has been conducted on S. chinensis PLR to date. This study identified five genes as ScPLR, successfully cloned their coding sequences, and elucidated their catalytic capabilities. ScPLR3-5 could recognize both pinoresinol and lariciresinol as substrates, and convert them into lariciresinol and secoisolariciresinol, respectively, while ScPLR2 exclusively catalyzed the conversion of (+)-pinoresinol into (+)-lariciresinol. Transcript-metabolite correlation analysis indicated that ScPLR2 exhibited unique properties that differed from the other members. Molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that Phe271 and Leu40 in the substrate binding motif were crucial for the catalytic activity of ScPLR2. This study serves as a foundation for understanding the essential enzymes involved in schisandra lignan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Feng
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SHTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuan Yao
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SHTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuqi Qiao
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SHTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xueqi Ma
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SHTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zongtai Wu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Yonghao Duan
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SHTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peng Di
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Wansheng Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SHTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Xiao
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SHTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Nikerov DS, Ashatkina MA, Shiryaev VA, Tkachenko IM, Rybakov VB, Reznikov AN, Klimochkin YN. Synthesis of non-racemic dihydrofurans via Ni(II)-catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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3
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Hamade K, Fliniaux O, Fontaine JX, Molinié R, Otogo Nnang E, Bassard S, Guénin S, Gutierrez L, Lainé E, Hano C, Pilard S, Hijazi A, El Kak A, Mesnard F. NMR and LC-MS-Based Metabolomics to Study Osmotic Stress in Lignan-Deficient Flax. Molecules 2021; 26:767. [PMID: 33540754 PMCID: PMC7867241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignans, phenolic plant secondary metabolites, are derived from the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. Although, being investigated for their health benefits in terms of antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties, the role of these molecules in plants remains incompletely elucidated; a potential role in stress response mechanisms has been, however, proposed. In this study, a non-targeted metabolomic analysis of the roots, stems, and leaves of wild-type and PLR1-RNAi transgenic flax, devoid of (+) secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((+) SDG)-the main flaxseed lignan, was performed using 1H-NMR and LC-MS, in order to obtain further insight into the involvement of lignan in the response of plant to osmotic stress. Results showed that wild-type and lignan-deficient flax plants have different metabolic responses after being exposed to osmotic stress conditions, but they both showed the capacity to induce an adaptive response to osmotic stress. These findings suggest the indirect involvement of lignans in osmotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamar Hamade
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Laboratoire BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (K.H.); (O.F.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.); (E.O.N.); (S.B.)
| | - Ophélie Fliniaux
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Laboratoire BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (K.H.); (O.F.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.); (E.O.N.); (S.B.)
| | - Jean-Xavier Fontaine
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Laboratoire BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (K.H.); (O.F.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.); (E.O.N.); (S.B.)
| | - Roland Molinié
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Laboratoire BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (K.H.); (O.F.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.); (E.O.N.); (S.B.)
| | - Elvis Otogo Nnang
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Laboratoire BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (K.H.); (O.F.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.); (E.O.N.); (S.B.)
| | - Solène Bassard
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Laboratoire BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (K.H.); (O.F.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.); (E.O.N.); (S.B.)
| | - Stéphanie Guénin
- CRRBM, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- CRRBM, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Eric Lainé
- USC INRAE 1328, Laboratoire LBLGC, Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, University of Orleans, 28000 Chartres, France; (E.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Christophe Hano
- USC INRAE 1328, Laboratoire LBLGC, Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, University of Orleans, 28000 Chartres, France; (E.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Serge Pilard
- Plateforme Analytique, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France;
| | - Akram Hijazi
- Platform for Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
| | - Assem El Kak
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Substances Naturelles et Produits de Santé (BSNPS), Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
| | - François Mesnard
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Laboratoire BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (K.H.); (O.F.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.); (E.O.N.); (S.B.)
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Zhang L, Wang XL, Wang B, Zhang LT, Gao HM, Shen T, Lou HX, Ren DM, Wang XN. Lignans from Euphorbia hirta L. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:26-36. [PMID: 32375507 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1761358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Five new lignans, euphorhirtins A-D (1-4), 5-methoxyvirgatusin (5), three artefacts, 7S-ethoxyisolintetralin (6), 7R-ethoxyisolintetralin (7), and 7R-ethoxy-3-methoxyisolintetralin (8), together with 13 known ones (9-21) were isolated from the medicinal plant Euphorbia hirta L. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS experiments. The absolute configurations of compound 1 was determined by ECD calculation. The isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against the proliferation of the cancer cell lines (Hep G2, A549, and DU145) and compounds 14 and 18 showed inhibitory activity against the Hep G2 cells with IC50 values 7.2 ± 0.17 and 8.5 ± 0.36 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Long-Teng Zhang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Min Gao
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Ren
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ning Wang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
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Xu X, Guignard C, Renaut J, Hausman JF, Gatti E, Predieri S, Guerriero G. Insights into Lignan Composition and Biosynthesis in Stinging Nettle ( Urtica dioica L.). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213863. [PMID: 31717749 PMCID: PMC6864805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) has been used as herbal medicine to treat various ailments since ancient times. The biological activity of nettle is chiefly attributed to a large group of phenylpropanoid dimers, namely lignans. Despite the pharmacological importance of nettle lignans, there are no studies addressing lignan biosynthesis in this plant. We herein identified 14 genes encoding dirigent proteins (UdDIRs) and 3 pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase genes (UdPLRs) in nettle, which are two gene families known to be associated with lignan biosynthesis. Expression profiling of these genes on different organs/tissues revealed a specific expression pattern. Particularly, UdDIR7, 12 and 13 displayed a remarkable high expression in the top internode, fibre tissues of bottom internodes and roots, respectively. The relatively high expression of UdPLR1 and UdPLR2 in the young internodes, core tissue of bottom internode and roots is consistent with the high accumulation of lariciresinol and secoisolariciresinol in these tissues. Lignan quantification showed a high abundance of pinoresinol in roots and pinoresinol diglucosides in young internodes and leaves. This study sheds light on lignan composition and biosynthesis in nettle, providing a good basis for further functional analysis of DIRs and PLRs and, ultimately, engineering lignan metabolism in planta and in cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xu
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg; (X.X.); (C.G.); (J.R.); (J.-F.H.)
| | - Cédric Guignard
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg; (X.X.); (C.G.); (J.R.); (J.-F.H.)
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg; (X.X.); (C.G.); (J.R.); (J.-F.H.)
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg; (X.X.); (C.G.); (J.R.); (J.-F.H.)
| | - Edoardo Gatti
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; (E.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefano Predieri
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; (E.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg; (X.X.); (C.G.); (J.R.); (J.-F.H.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Wang Z. Advances in the Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Natural Products Using Chiral Secondary Amine Catalyzed Reactions of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes. Molecules 2019; 24:E3412. [PMID: 31546876 PMCID: PMC6767148 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality is one of the most important attributes for its presence in a vast majority of bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. Asymmetric organocatalysis methods have emerged as a powerful methodology for the construction of highly enantioenriched structural skeletons of the target molecules. Due to their extensive application of organocatalysis in the total synthesis of bioactive molecules and some of them have been used in the industrial synthesis of drugs have attracted increasing interests from chemists. Among the chiral organocatalysts, chiral secondary amines (MacMillan's catalyst and Jorgensen's catalyst) have been especially considered attractive strategies because of their impressive efficiency. Herein, we outline advances in the asymmetric total synthesis of natural products and relevant drugs by using the strategy of chiral secondary amine catalyzed reactions of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in the last eighteen years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
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Markulin L, Corbin C, Renouard S, Drouet S, Gutierrez L, Mateljak I, Auguin D, Hano C, Fuss E, Lainé E. Pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases, key to the lignan synthesis in plants. PLANTA 2019; 249:1695-1714. [PMID: 30895445 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview on activity, stereospecificity, expression and regulation of pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases in plants. These enzymes are shared by the pathways to all 8-8' lignans derived from pinoresinol. Pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases (PLR) are enzymes involved in the lignan biosynthesis after the initial dimerization of two monolignols. They catalyze two successive reduction steps leading to the production of lariciresinol or secoisolariciresinol from pinoresinol. Two secoisolariciresinol enantiomers can be synthetized with different fates. Depending on the plant species, these enantiomers are either final products (e.g., in the flaxseed where it is stored after glycosylation) or are the starting point for the synthesis of a wide range of lignans, among which the aryltetralin type lignans are used to semisynthesize anticancer drugs such as Etoposide®. Thus, the regulation of the gene expression of PLRs as well as the possible specificities of these reductases for one reduction step or one enantiomer are key factors to fine-tune the lignan synthesis. Results published in the last decade have shed light on the presence of more than one PLR in each plant and revealed various modes of action. Nevertheless, there are not many results published on the PLRs and most of them were obtained in a limited range of species. Indeed, a number of them deal with wild and cultivated flax belonging to the genus Linum. Despite the occurrence of lignans in bryophytes, pteridophytes and monocots, data on PLRs in these taxa are still missing and indeed the whole diversity of PLRs is still unknown. This review summarizes the data, published mainly in the last decade, on the PLR gene expression, enzymatic activity and biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samantha Drouet
- Centre Régional de Ressources en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), Université Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- Centre Régional de Ressources en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), Université Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Ivan Mateljak
- LBLGC, INRA USC 1328 Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Daniel Auguin
- LBLGC, INRA USC 1328 Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | | | - Elisabeth Fuss
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Hoppe-Seyler-St. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eric Lainé
- LBLGC, INRA USC 1328 Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.
- LBLGC, INRA USC 1328 Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, 21 rue de Loigny, 28000, Chartres, France.
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8
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Wu Y, Xing D, Ma G, Dai X, Gao L, Xia T. A variable loop involved in the substrate selectivity of pinoresinol/lariciresinol reductase from Camellia sinensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 162:1-9. [PMID: 30844490 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pinoresinol/lariciresinol reductase (PLR), an NADPH-dependent reductase that catalyzes the sequential reduction of pinoresinol into secoisolariciresinol via Lariciresinol, can lead to the structural and stereochemical diversity of lignans. The relationship between substrate-selective reaction of PLR and sequence homology still remains unclear. In this study, we focused on the contribution of the variable region between PLRs in determining substrate selectivity. Here, two CsPLRs (CsPLR1 and CsPLR2) were identified in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv. Shuchazao). In vitro enzymatic assays showed that CsPLR1 could convert (+)- and (-)-pinoresinol into lariciresinol or secoisolariciresinol, whereas CsPLR2 catalyzed (+)-pinoresinol enantioselectively into (-)-secoisolariciresinol. Homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis were used to examine the role of a variable loop in catalysis and substrate selectivity. The L174I mutant in CsPLR1 lost the capacity to reduce either (+)- or (-)-pinoresinol but retained the ability to catalyze the reduction of (-)-lariciresinol. These findings provide a basis for better understanding of the substrate-selective reaction of PLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
| | - Dawei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
| | - Guoliang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
| | - Xinlong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
| | - Liping Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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Haile ZM, Nagpala-De Guzman EG, Moretto M, Sonego P, Engelen K, Zoli L, Moser C, Baraldi E. Transcriptome Profiles of Strawberry ( Fragaria vesca) Fruit Interacting With Botrytis cinerea at Different Ripening Stages. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1131. [PMID: 31620156 PMCID: PMC6759788 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a major cause of economic losses in strawberry fruit production, limiting fruit shelf life and commercialization. When the fungus infects Fragaria × ananassa strawberry at flowering or unripe fruit stages, symptoms develop after an extended latent phase on ripe fruits before or after harvesting. To elucidate the growth kinetics of B. cinerea on flower/fruit and the molecular responses associated with low susceptibility of unripe fruit stages, woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca flowers and fruits, at unripe white and ripe red stages, were inoculated with B. cinerea. Quantification of fungal genomic DNA within 72 h postinoculation (hpi) showed limited fungal growth on open flower and white fruit, while on red fruit, the growth was exponential starting from 24 hpi and sporulation was observed within 48 hpi. RNA sequencing applied to white and red fruit at 24 hpi showed that a total of 2,141 genes (12.5% of the total expressed genes) were differentially expressed due to B. cinerea infection. A broad transcriptional reprogramming was observed in both unripe and ripe fruits, involving in particular receptor and signaling, secondary metabolites, and defense response pathways. Membrane-localized receptor-like kinases and nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat genes were predominant in the surveillance system of the fruits, most of them being downregulated in white fruits and upregulated in red fruits. In general, unripe fruits exhibited a stronger defense response than red fruits. Genes encoding for pathogenesis-related proteins and flavonoid polyphenols as well as genes involved in cell-wall strengthening were upregulated, while cell-softening genes appeared to be switched off. As a result, B. cinerea remained quiescent in white fruits, while it was able to colonize ripe red fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeraye Mehari Haile
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Plant Protection Research Division of Melkasa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | | | - Marco Moretto
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Paolo Sonego
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Kristof Engelen
- ESAT-ELECTA, Electrical Energy and Computer Architectures, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Zoli
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Elena Baraldi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elena Baraldi,
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Boev VI, Moskalenko AI, Belopukhov SL. Intramolecular hydroalkoxylation of syn- and anti-1-R-2-arylhex-4-en-1-ols. Efficient stereoselective synthesis of tri- and tetrasubstituted tetrahydrofurans. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428017100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Paniagua C, Bilkova A, Jackson P, Dabravolski S, Riber W, Didi V, Houser J, Gigli-Bisceglia N, Wimmerova M, Budínská E, Hamann T, Hejatko J. Dirigent proteins in plants: modulating cell wall metabolism during abiotic and biotic stress exposure. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3287-3301. [PMID: 28472349 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Dirigent (DIR) proteins were found to mediate regio- and stereoselectivity of bimolecular phenoxy radical coupling during lignan biosynthesis. Here we summarize the current knowledge of the importance of DIR proteins in lignan and lignin biosynthesis and highlight their possible importance in plant development. We focus on the still rather enigmatic Arabidopsis DIR gene family, discussing the few members with known functional importance. We comment on recent discoveries describing the detailed structure of two DIR proteins with implications in the mechanism of DIR-mediated catalysis. Further, we summarize the ample evidence for stress-induced dirigent gene expression, suggesting the role of DIRs in adaptive responses. In the second part of our work, we present a preliminary bioinformatics-based characterization of the AtDIR family. The phylogenetic analysis of AtDIRs complemented by comparison with DIR proteins of mostly known function from other species allowed us to suggest possible roles for several members of this family and identify interesting AtDIR targets for further study. Finally, based on the available metadata and our in silico analysis of AtDIR promoters, we hypothesize about the existence of specific transcriptional controls for individual AtDIR genes and implicate them in various stress responses, hormonal regulations, and developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelas Paniagua
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Bilkova
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Phil Jackson
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Siarhei Dabravolski
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Willi Riber
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Didi
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Houser
- Glycobiochemistry, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nora Gigli-Bisceglia
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology 5, Hogskoleringen, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michaela Wimmerova
- Glycobiochemistry, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Budínská
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Thorsten Hamann
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology 5, Hogskoleringen, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Hejatko
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Wang Y, Jiang M, Liu JT. Copper-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Tetrahydrofurans. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201501166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Wałejko P, Dąbrowski M, Szczepaniak L, Morzycki JW, Witkowski S. Stereochemistry of ring-opening/cross metathesis reactions of exo- and endo-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonitriles with allyl alcohol and allyl acetate. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1893-901. [PMID: 26664608 PMCID: PMC4661012 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ROCM reactions of exo- and endo-2-cyano-7-oxanorbornenes with allyl alcohol or allyl acetate promoted by different ruthenium alkylidene catalysts were studied. The stereochemical outcome of the reactions was established. The issues concerning chemo- (ROCM vs ROMP), regio- (1-2- vs 1-3-product formation), and stereo- (E/Z isomerism) selectivity of reactions under various conditions are discussed. Surprisingly good yields of the ROCM products were obtained under neat conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Wałejko
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Lech Szczepaniak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Jacek W Morzycki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Stanisław Witkowski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
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14
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Antimicrobial Activity of Stereoisomers of Butane-Type Lignans. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:1806-10. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Disruption of Ion Homeostasis by Verrucosin and a Related Compound. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:1000-2. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Hasebe A, Nishiwaki H, Akiyama K, Sugahara T, Kishida T, Yamauchi S. Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of antifungal (+)-dihydroguaiaretic acid using 7-phenyl derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8548-8555. [PMID: 23924382 DOI: 10.1021/jf4015526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata and structure on the 7-phenyl group of (+)-dihydroguaiaretic acid ((+)-DGA) was clarified by employing 38 synthesized (+)-DGA derivatives. The results were identified by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis employing the Hansch-Fujita method. Some compounds showed higher activity than (+)-DGA. The compound showing highest activity was 3,5-difluorophenyl derivative 37. It was suggested that the small electron-withdrawing group at the meta-position of the 7-phenyl group is important for the higher activity by antifungal test and Hansch-Fujita analysis. The whitening activity of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl derivative 28, 3-hydroxy-4-ethoxyphenyl derivative 29, and 3-hydroxy-4-isopropoxyphenyl derivative 30 against A. alternata Japanese pear pathotype was also discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Hasebe
- Faculty of Agriculture and ‡Integrated Center for Sciences, Tarumi Station, Ehime University , 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
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17
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Ramachandran PV, Nair HNG, Gagare PD. One-Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of 2- and 2,3-Disubstituted Tetrahydrofuran Derivatives. J Org Chem 2012; 77:5394-8. [PMID: 22607087 DOI: 10.1021/jo300414u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Veeraraghavan Ramachandran
- Herbert C. Brown Center for Borane Research, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.
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18
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Weston DJ, Pelletier DA, Morrell-Falvey JL, Tschaplinski TJ, Jawdy SS, Lu TY, Allen SM, Melton SJ, Martin MZ, Schadt CW, Karve AA, Chen JG, Yang X, Doktycz MJ, Tuskan GA. Pseudomonas fluorescens induces strain-dependent and strain-independent host plant responses in defense networks, primary metabolism, photosynthesis, and fitness. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2012; 25:765-78. [PMID: 22375709 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-11-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Colonization of plants by nonpathogenic Pseudomonas fluorescens strains can confer enhanced defense capacity against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Few studies, however, have linked defense pathway regulation to primary metabolism and physiology. In this study, physiological data, metabolites, and transcript profiles are integrated to elucidate how molecular networks initiated at the root-microbe interface influence shoot metabolism and whole-plant performance. Experiments with Arabidopsis thaliana were performed using the newly identified P. fluorescens GM30 or P. fluorescens Pf-5 strains. Co-expression networks indicated that Pf-5 and GM30 induced a subnetwork specific to roots enriched for genes participating in RNA regulation, protein degradation, and hormonal metabolism. In contrast, only GM30 induced a subnetwork enriched for calcium signaling, sugar and nutrient signaling, and auxin metabolism, suggesting strain dependence in network architecture. In addition, one subnetwork present in shoots was enriched for genes in secondary metabolism, photosynthetic light reactions, and hormone metabolism. Metabolite analysis indicated that this network initiated changes in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Consistent with this, we observed strain-specific responses in tryptophan and phenylalanine abundance. Both strains reduced host plant carbon gain and fitness, yet provided a clear fitness benefit when plants were challenged with the pathogen P. syringae DC3000.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Weston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
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Poompachee K, Chudapongse N. Comparison of the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Phyllanthus virgatus and Phyllanthus amarus extracts. Med Princ Pract 2012; 21:24-9. [PMID: 22024634 DOI: 10.1159/000331596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of Phyllanthus virgatus crude extract compared to Phyllanthus amarus. METHODS Phenolic contents of the hydromethanolic extracts were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate free radical scavenging and antilipid peroxidation assays. Cytotoxicity on human hepatoma HepG2 cells was assessed by trypan blue and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide viability assays. A stereomicroscope was used to observe and photograph the morphology of the cells. Oxygen consumption of the HepG2 cells was measured using a Clark oxygen electrode. RESULTS The extract of P. virgatus, which contained more phenolic compounds than P. amarus extract, had higher cytotoxicity and showed higher free radical scavenging activity and more inhibition of peroxidation in a linoleic acid system. P. virgatus extract conspicuously increased the oxygen consumption of HepG2 cells, while P. amarus extract had little stimulatory effect. CONCLUSION The hydromethanolic extract of P. virgatus had stronger antioxidant and cytotoxic action than P. amarus extract. The stimulation of HepG2 cell respiration by P. virgatus extract suggests the extract alters mitochondrial function; this action could play a role in the cytotoxicity of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Poompachee
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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Kuete V, Nono EC, Mkounga P, Marat K, Hultin PG, Nkengfack AE. Antimicrobial activities of the CH2Cl2–CH3OH (1 : 1) extracts and compounds from the roots and fruits ofPycnanthus angolensis(Myristicaceae). Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:432-43. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.522577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Messiano GB, Wijeratne EMK, Lopes LMX, Gunatilaka AAL. Microbial transformations of aryltetralone and aryltetralin lignans by Cunninghamella echinulata and Beauveria bassiana. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1933-1937. [PMID: 20961092 DOI: 10.1021/np100607s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Microbiological transformation of the aryltetralone lignan (-)-8'-epi-aristoligone (1) with Cunninghamella echinulata ATCC 10028B afforded two known natural lignans, (-)-holostyligone (3) and (-)-arisantetralone (4). Incubation of the aryltetralin lignan (-)-isogalbulin (2), obtained by chemical transformation of 1, with C. echinulata ATCC 10028B afforded the known lignan aryltetralol (5) and seven new metabolites, (-)-8-hydroxyisogalbulin (6), (-)-7-methoxyisogalbulin (7), (-)-4'-O-demethyl-8-hydroxyisogalbulin (8), (-)-7-methoxy-8-hydroxyisogalbulin (9), (-)-4'-O-demethyl-7-methoxyisogalbulin (10), (-)-4',5-O-didemethylcyclogalgravin (11), and (-)-4'-O-demethylcyclogalgravin (12). When 2 was subjected to biotransformation with Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159, (-)-8-hydroxyisogalbulin (6) was the only isolable product. The structures of all new compounds were established by detailed analysis of their spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele B Messiano
- SW Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, Office of Arid Lands Studies, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706-6800, United States
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Naoumkina MA, Zhao Q, Gallego-Giraldo L, Dai X, Zhao PX, Dixon RA. Genome-wide analysis of phenylpropanoid defence pathways. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2010; 11:829-46. [PMID: 21029326 PMCID: PMC6640277 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids can function as preformed and inducible antimicrobial compounds, as well as signal molecules, in plant-microbe interactions. Since we last reviewed the field 8 years ago, there has been a huge increase in our understanding of the genes of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and their regulation, brought about largely by advances in genome technology, from whole-genome sequencing to massively parallel gene expression profiling. Here, we present an overview of the biosynthesis and roles of phenylpropanoids in plant defence, together with an analysis of confirmed and predicted phenylpropanoid pathway genes in the sequenced genomes of 11 plant species. Examples are provided of phylogenetic and expression clustering analyses, and the large body of underlying genomic data is provided through a website accessible from the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Naoumkina
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
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23
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Martinet S, Méou A, Brun P. Access to Enantiopure 2,5-Diaryltetrahydrofurans - Application to the Synthesis of (-)-Virgatusin and (+)-Urinaligran. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sanders SD, Ruiz-Olalla A, Johnson JS. Total synthesis of (+)-virgatusin via AlCl3-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5135-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b911765b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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WANG TT, LV ZL, FENG JL, SUN HL, LIU J, LI K. Crystal Structure of (Z)-(.+-.)-2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxybenzylidene)tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic Acid. X-RAY STRUCTURE ANALYSIS ONLINE 2009. [DOI: 10.2116/xraystruct.25.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-tian WANG
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University
| | - Zhi-liang LV
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University
| | - Ji-lu FENG
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University
| | - Hai-ling SUN
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University
| | - Jia LIU
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University
| | - Ke LI
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University
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Stereoselective construction of tetra-substituted tetrahydrofuran compounds from benzylic hemiacetal in the presence of H2 and a Pd catalyst: stereoselective synthesis of a stereoisomer of (-)-virgatusin and its antimicrobiological activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2008; 72:197-203. [PMID: 18175922 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tetra-substituted tetrahydrofuran compounds were stereoselectively prepared from benzylic hemiacetal in the neutral condition by employing the simple reagent, H(2), and a Pd catalyst. The stereoselective conversion of benzylic hemiacetal to two different stereoisomers of the tetrasubstituted tetrahydrofuran compound was observed. One of these tetrahydrofuran compounds was converted to the virgatusin stereoisomer to estimate its antimicrobiological activity.
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