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Chen Z, Chen J, Ni D, Xu W, Zhang W, Mu W. Microbial dextran-hydrolyzing enzyme: Properties, structural features, and versatile applications. Food Chem 2024; 437:137951. [PMID: 37951078 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Dextran, an α-glucan mainly composed of (α1 → 6) linkages, has been widely applied in the food, cosmetic, and medicine industries. Dextranase can hydrolyze dextran to synthesize oligodextrans, which show prominent properties and promising applications in the food industry. Dextranases are widely distributed in bacteria, yeasts, and fungus, and classified into glycoside hydrolase (GH) 13, 15, 31, 49, and 66 families according to their sequence similarity, structural features, and reaction types. Dextranase, as a dextran-hydrolyzing enzyme, displays great application potential in the sugar-making, oral health care, medicine, and biotechnology industries. Here we mainly focused on presenting the enzymatic properties, structural features, and versatile (potential) applications of dextranase. To date, seven crystal structures of dextranases from GH 13, 15, 31, 49, and 66 families have been successfully solved. However, their molecular mechanisms for hydrolyzing dextran, especially on the size determinants of the hydrolysates, remain largely unknown. Additionally, the classification, microbial distribution, and immobilization technology of dextranase were also discussed in detail. This review discussed dextranase from different aspects with the ambition to present how they constitute the groundwork for promising future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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2
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Mir B, Yang J, Li Z, Wang L, Ali V, Hu X, Zhang H. Review on recent advances in the properties, production and applications of microbial dextranases. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:242. [PMID: 37400664 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03691-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Dextranase is a type of hydrolase that is responsible for catalyzing the breakdown of high-molecular-weight dextran into low-molecular-weight polysaccharides. This process is called dextranolysis. A select group of bacteria and fungi, including yeasts and likely certain complex eukaryotes, produce dextranase enzymes as extracellular enzymes that are released into the environment. These enzymes join dextran's α-1,6 glycosidic bonds to make glucose, exodextranases, or isomalto-oligosaccharides (endodextranases). Dextranase is an enzyme that has a wide variety of applications, some of which include the sugar business, the production of human plasma replacements, the treatment of dental plaque and its protection, and the creation of human plasma replacements. Because of this, the quantity of studies carried out on worldwide has steadily increased over the course of the past couple of decades. The major focus of this study is on the most current advancements in the production, administration, and properties of microbial dextranases. This will be done throughout the entirety of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiza Mir
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhiwei Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Vilayat Ali
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xueqin Hu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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3
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Ning Z, Dong D, Tian X, Zu H, Tian X, Lyu M, Wang S. Alkalic dextranase produced by marine bacterium Cellulosimicrobium sp. PX02 and its application. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:1002-1015. [PMID: 34528722 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme dextranase is widely used in the sugar and food industries, as well as in the medical field. Most land-derived dextranases are produced by fungi and have the disadvantages of long production cycles, low tolerance to environmental conditions, and low safety. The use of marine bacteria to produce dextranases may overcome these problems. In this study, a dextranase-producing bacterium was isolated from the Rizhao seacoast of Shandong, China. The bacterium, denoted as PX02, was identified as Cellulosimicrobium sp. and its growing conditions and the production and properties of its dextranase were investigated. The dextranase had a molecular weight of approximately 40 kDa, maximum activity at 40°C and pH 7.5, with a stability range of up to 45°C and pH 7.0-9.0. High-performance liquid chromatography showed that the dextranase hydrolyzed dextranT20 to isomaltotriose, maltopentaose, and isomaltooligosaccharides. Hydrolysis by dextranase produced excellent antioxidant effects, suggesting its potential use in the health food industry. Investigation of the action of the dextranase on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and scanning electron microscopy showed that it to be effective both for removing and inhibiting the formation of biofilms, suggesting its potential application in the dental industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ning
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Dongxue Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hangtian Zu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xueqing Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Mingsheng Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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4
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Zhao J, Wang L, Wei X, Li K, Liu J. Food-Grade Expression and Characterization of a Dextranase from Chaetomium gracile Suitable for Sugarcane Juice Clarification. Chem Biodivers 2020; 18:e2000797. [PMID: 33245200 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The microbial production of dextranase using cheap carbon sources is beneficial to solve the economic loss caused by the accumulation of dextran in syrup. A food-grade microbial cell factory was constructed by introducing the dextranase encoding gene DEX from Chaetomium gracile to the chromosome of Bacillus subtilis, and the antibiotic resistance marker gene was subsequently deleted via the Cre/loxP strategy. The dual-promoter system with a sequentially arranged constitutive P43 promoter resulted in an 85 % increase in DEX expression. Under the optimal fermentation conditions of 10 g/L maltose, 15 g/L casein, 1 g/L Na2 HPO4 , 1 g/L FeSO4 and 8 g/L NaCl, DEX activity was increased from 2.625 to 64.34 U/mL. Recombinant DEX was purified 5.98-fold with a recovery ratio of 26.67 % and specific activity of 3935.02 U/mg. Enzyme activity was optimal at 55 °C and pH 5.0 and remained 80.34 % and 71.36 % of the initial activity at 55 °C and pH 4.0 after 60 min, respectively. The enzyme possessed high activity in the presence of Co2+ , while Ag+ showed the strongest inhibition ability. The optimal substrate was 20 g/L dextran T-2000. The findings could facilitate the low-cost, large-scale production of food-grade DEX for use in the sugar industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Leyi Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wei
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China.,Sugar Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jidong Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China.,Sugar Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
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5
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Purification, Characterization, and Biocatalytic and Antibiofilm Activity of a Novel Dextranase from Talaromyces sp. Int J Microbiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/9198048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dextranase is a useful enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of dextran to low-molecular-weight fractions, which have many critical commercial and clinical applications. Endophytic fungi represent a source of both high heat-stable and pH-stable enzymes. In this study, from Delonix regia bark by plate assay, out of 12 isolated fungal strains, hyaline zones were detected in only one strain. By using the standard ITS rDNA sequencing analysis, the isolated strain was identified as Talaromyces sp. In the case of carbon source, in a medium containing 1% dextran T2000 as the sole carbon source, the maximum dextranase activity reached approximately 120 U/ml after incubation of 2 days where the optimum pH was 7.4. Peptone addition to the production medium as a sole nitrogen source was accompanied by a significant increase in the dextranase production. Similarly, some metal ions, such as Fe2+ and Zn2+, increased significantly enzyme production. However, there was no significant difference resulting from the addition of Cu2+. The crude dextranase was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by Sephadex G100 chromatography with 28-fold purification. The produced dextranase was 45 kDa with an optimum activity at 37°C and a pH of 7. Moreover, the presence of MgSO4, FeSO4, and NH4SO4 increased the purified dextranase activity; however, SDS and EDTA decreased it. Interestingly, the produced dextranase expressed remarkable pH stability, temperature stability, and biofilm inhibition activity, reducing old-established biofilm by 86% and biofilm formation by 6%.
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6
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Lai X, Liu X, Liu X, Deng T, Feng Y, Tian X, Lyu M, Wang AS. The Marine Catenovulum agarivorans MNH15 and Dextranase: Removing Dental Plaque. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100592. [PMID: 31635432 PMCID: PMC6835279 DOI: 10.3390/md17100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dextranase, a hydrolase that specifically hydrolyzes α-1,6-glucosidic bonds, has been used in the pharmaceutical, food, and biotechnology industries. In this study, the strain of Catenovulum agarivorans MNH15 was screened from marine samples. When the temperature, initial pH, NaCl concentration, and inducer concentration were 30 °C, 8.0, 5 g/L, and 8 g/L, respectively, it yielded more dextranase. The molecular weight of the dextranase was approximately 110 kDa. The maximum enzyme activity was achieved at 40 °C and a pH of 8.0. The enzyme was stable at 30 °C and a pH of 5–9. The metal ion Sr2+ enhanced its activity, whereas NH4+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Li+ had the opposite effect. The dextranase effectively inhibited the formation of biofilm by Streptococcus mutans. Moreover, sodium fluoride, xylitol, and sodium benzoate, all used in dental care products, had no significant effect on dextranase activity. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that dextran was mainly hydrolyzed to glucose, maltose, and maltoheptaose. The results indicated that dextranase has high application potential in dental products such as toothpaste and mouthwash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Tian Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Yanli Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Mingsheng Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Manufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China.
| | - And Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Manufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China.
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7
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Liu H, Ren W, Ly M, Li H, Wang S. Characterization of an Alkaline GH49 Dextranase from Marine Bacterium Arthrobacter oxydans KQ11 and Its Application in the Preparation of Isomalto-Oligosaccharide. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17080479. [PMID: 31430863 PMCID: PMC6723167 DOI: 10.3390/md17080479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A GH49 dextranase gene DexKQ was cloned from marine bacteria Arthrobacter oxydans KQ11. It was recombinantly expressed using an Escherichia coli system. Recombinant DexKQ dextranase of 66 kDa exhibited the highest catalytic activity at pH 9.0 and 55 °C. kcat/Km of recombinant DexKQ at the optimum condition reached 3.03 s−1 μM−1, which was six times that of commercial dextranase (0.5 s−1 μM−1). DexKQ possessed a Km value of 67.99 µM against dextran T70 substrate with 70 kDa molecular weight. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis showed that main hydrolysis end products were isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) including isomaltotetraose, isomaltopantose, and isomaltohexaose. When compared with glucose, IMO could significantly improve growth of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus and inhibit growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This is the first report of dextranase from marine bacteria concerning recombinant expression and application in isomalto-oligosaccharide preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Bio-Manufacture, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China
| | - Mingsheng Ly
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Medical College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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Purification and Characterization of a Biofilm-Degradable Dextranase from a Marine Bacterium. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16020051. [PMID: 29414837 PMCID: PMC5852479 DOI: 10.3390/md16020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the ability of a dextranase from a marine bacterium Catenovulum sp. (Cadex) to impede formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilms, a primary pathogen of dental caries, one of the most common human infectious diseases. Cadex was purified 29.6-fold and had a specific activity of 2309 U/mg protein and molecular weight of 75 kDa. Cadex showed maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 40 °C and was stable at temperatures under 30 °C and at pH ranging from 5.0 to 11.0. A metal ion and chemical dependency study showed that Mn2+ and Sr2+ exerted positive effects on Cadex, whereas Cu2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ functioned as inhibitors. Several teeth rinsing product reagents, including carboxybenzene, ethanol, sodium fluoride, and xylitol were found to have no effects on Cadex activity. A substrate specificity study showed that Cadex specifically cleaved the α-1,6 glycosidic bond. Thin layer chromatogram and high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that the main hydrolysis products were isomaltoogligosaccharides. Crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy showed that Cadex impeded the formation of S. mutans biofilm to some extent. In conclusion, Cadex from a marine bacterium was shown to be an alkaline and cold-adapted endo-type dextranase suitable for development of a novel marine agent for the treatment of dental caries.
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9
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Yi L, Sun X, Du K, Ouyang Y, Wu C, Xu N, Linhardt RJ, Zhang Z. UP-HILIC-MS/MS to Determine the Action Pattern of Penicillium sp. Dextranase. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1174-1185. [PMID: 25930093 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the action pattern of enzymes acting on carbohydrates is challenging, as both the substrate and the digestion products are complex mixtures. Dextran and its enzyme-derived oligosaccharides are widely used for many industrial applications. In this work, a new method relying on ultra-performance hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UP-HILIC-Q/TOF-MS/MS) was developed to analyze a complex mixture of dextran oligosaccharide products to determine the action pattern of dextranase. No derivatization of oligosaccharides was required and the impact of the α- and β-configurations of the native oligosaccharides on the chromatographic separation was eliminated. The 1→6, 1→3, 1→4 backbone linkages and the branch linkages of these oligosaccharides were all distinguished from diagnostic ions in their MS/MS spectra, including fragments corresponding to (0,2)A, (0,3)A, (0,4)A, B-H2O, (2,5)A, and (3,5)A. The sequences of the oligosaccharide products were similarly established. Thus, the complex oligosaccharide mixtures in dextran digestion products were profiled and identified using this method. The more enzyme-resistant structures in dextran were established using much less sample, labor, time, and uncertainty than in previous studies. This method provides an efficient, sensitive, and straightforward way to monitor the entire process of digestion, establish the action pattern of the dextranase from Penicillium sp., and to support the proper industrial application of dextranase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
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10
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Zohra RR, Aman A, Ansari A, Haider MS, Qader SAU. Purification, characterization and end product analysis of dextran degrading endodextranase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 78:243-8. [PMID: 25881960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of high molecular weight dextran for obtaining low molecular weight dextran is based on the hydrolysis using chemical and enzymatic methods. Current research study focused on production, purification and characterization of dextranase from a newly isolated strain of Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB25. Dextranase was purified up to 36 folds with specific activity of 1405 U/mg and molecular weight of 158 kDa. It was found that enzyme performs optimum cleavage of dextran (5000 Da, 0.5%) at 35 °C in 15 min at pH 4.5 with a Km and Vmax of 0.374 mg/ml and 182 μmol/min, respectively. Relative amino acid composition analysis of purified enzyme suggested the presence of higher number of hydrophobic, acidic and glycosylation promoting amino acids. The N-terminal sequence of dextranase KIBGE-IB25 was AYTVTLYLQG. It exhibited distinct amino acid sequence yet shared some inherent characteristics with glycosyl hydrolases (GH) family 49 and also testified the presence of O-glycosylation at N-terminal end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashida Rahmat Zohra
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Aman
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ansari
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Samee Haider
- Food & Marine Resource Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Karachi 75280, Pakistan
| | - Shah Ali Ul Qader
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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11
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Wang D, Lu M, Wang X, Jiao Y, Fang Y, Liu Z, Wang S. Improving stability of a novel dextran-degrading enzyme from marine Arthrobacter oxydans KQ11. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 103:294-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Wang D, Lu M, Wang S, Jiao Y, Li W, Zhu Q, Liu Z. Purification and characterization of a novel marine Arthrobacter oxydans KQ11 dextranase. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 106:71-6. [PMID: 24721052 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dextranases can hydrolyze dextran deposits and have been used in the sugar industry. Microbial strains which produce dextranases for industrial use are chiefly molds, which present safety issues, and dextranase production from them is impractically long. Thus, marine bacteria to produce dextranases may overcome these problems. Crude dextranase was purified by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation and ion-exchange chromatography, and then the enzyme was characterized. The enzyme was 66.2 kDa with an optimal temperature of 50°C and a pH of 7. The enzyme had greater than 60% activity at 60°C for 1h. Moreover, 10mM Co(2+) enhanced dextranase activity (196%), whereas Ni(2+) and Fe(3+) negatively affected activity. 0.02% xylitol and 1% alcohol enhanced activity (132.25% and 110.37%, respectively) whereas 0.05% SDS inhibited activity (14.07%). The thickness of S. mutans and mixed-species oral biofilm decreased from 54,340 nm to 36,670 nm and from 64,260 nm to 43,320 nm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Mingsheng Lu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Insititute, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
| | - Yuliang Jiao
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Weijuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Zhaopu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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13
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Dextranase: Hyper production of dextran degrading enzyme from newly isolated strain of Bacillus licheniformis. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:2149-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Zhang Y, Wang ZY, He XP, Liu N, Zhang BR. New industrial brewing yeast strains with ILV2 disruption and LSD1 expression. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 123:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Kang HK, Kim SH, Park JY, Jin XJ, Oh DK, Kang SS, Kim D. Cloning and characterization of a dextranase gene fromLipomyces starkeyi and its expression inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 2005; 22:1239-48. [PMID: 16278932 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A dextranase-encoding cDNA from L. starkeyi KSM22 was isolated and characterized. The 2052 bp cDNA fragment (lsd1) harbouring the dextranase gene exhibited one open reading frame (ORF) composed of 1824 bp flanked by a 41 bp 5'-UTR and a 184 bp 3'-UTR, including a 27 bp poly(A) tail. The lsd1 gene contains no introns. The open reading frame encodes a 608 amino acid polypeptide (LSD1) with a 67.6 kDa predicted molecular mass. There was a 77% deduced amino acid sequence identity between the LSD1 dextranase and the dextranase from Penicillium minioluteum. The primary structure of LSD1 dextranase exhibits distant similarity with the enzymes of the glycosyl hydrolase family 49 that comprises Penicillium dextranase. The optimum pH of LSD1 was 6.0 and the optimum temperature was 37 degrees C. LSD1 dextranase activity was substantially abolished by exposure to 1 mM Hg2+, Ag3+ and Mn2+. LSD1 exhibited high hydrolysing activity towards dextran (100%), soluble starch (22%) and mutan (8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Laboratory of Functional Carbohydrate Enzymes and Microbial Genomics, Institute of Bioindustrial Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwang-Ju 500-757, South Korea
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16
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Khalikova E, Susi P, Korpela T. Microbial dextran-hydrolyzing enzymes: fundamentals and applications. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2005; 69:306-25. [PMID: 15944458 PMCID: PMC1197420 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.69.2.306-325.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dextran is a chemically and physically complex polymer, breakdown of which is carried out by a variety of endo- and exodextranases. Enzymes in many groups can be classified as dextranases according to function: such enzymes include dextranhydrolases, glucodextranases, exoisomaltohydrolases, exoisomaltotriohydrases, and branched-dextran exo-1,2-alpha-glucosidases. Cycloisomalto-oligosaccharide glucanotransferase does not formally belong to the dextranases even though its side reaction produces hydrolyzed dextrans. A new classification system for glycosylhydrolases and glycosyltransferases, which is based on amino acid sequence similarities, divides the dextranases into five families. However, this classification is still incomplete since sequence information is missing for many of the enzymes that have been biochemically characterized as dextranases. Dextran-degrading enzymes have been isolated from a wide range of microorganisms. The major characteristics of these enzymes, the methods for analyzing their activities and biological roles, analysis of primary sequence data, and three-dimensional structures of dextranases have been dealt with in this review. Dextranases are promising for future use in various scientific and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Khalikova
- Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland
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17
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Wang Y, Suzuki A, Tanaka T, Kumura H, Shimazaki K. Partial Characterization of Dextran-Degrading Enzyme Obtained from Blue Cheese. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87:1627-33. [PMID: 15453476 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of dextran beads was observed when the water-soluble fraction of a blue cheese extract was applied to the top of a Sephadex G-150 or G-200 column. This phenomenon suggests the presence of a specific enzyme that can hydrolyze dextran. After removal of casein components from the blue cheese fraction, ammonium sulfate treatment and gel filtration chromatography were performed to isolate the enzyme fraction. The enzymatic products were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and gel filtration chromatography and identified as isomaltooligosaccharides. The isoelectric point of this enzyme fraction was approximately 4.9, as determined by isoelectric focusing using Rotofor, and the molecular weight of the fraction was 65 kDa, as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE. Optimum pH for enzymatic activity was 5.0 to 5.3. A partial N-terminal amino acid sequence of 20 residues was determined to be ATPDEWRSRSIYFMLTDRGA from an enzyme fraction further purified by ion-exchange chromatography and native PAGE. This sequence showed a maximum homology of 80% with alpha-amylase or Taka amylase that originated from various microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Dairy Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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18
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Khalikova E, Susi P, Usanov N, Korpela T. Purification and properties of extracellular dextranase from a Bacillus sp. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 796:315-26. [PMID: 14581071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial strains in the genus Bacillus were isolated from natural soil samples and screened for production of extracellular dextranases (E.C.3.2.1.11). One strain, determined by 16sRNA analysis as Paenibacillus illinoisensis exhibiting stable dextranase activity, was chosen for further analysis, and the dextranase from it was purified 733-fold using salt and PEG precipitations, two-phase extraction and DEAE-Sepharose chromatography with a total yield of 19%. The purified enzyme had three isoforms, with molecular masses of 76, 89 and 110kDa and isoelectric points of 4.95, 4.2 and 4.0, respectively. The mixture of the three dextranase isoforms has a broad pH optimum around pH 6.8 and a temperature optimum at 50 degrees C. The N-terminal sequence (Ala-Ser-Thr-Gly-Lys) was identical between the isoforms. No sequence homology with the known dextranases in the protein databanks was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Khalikova
- Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Turku, BioCity 6A, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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