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Matsuzawa T. Plant polysaccharide degradation-related enzymes in Aspergillus oryzae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:276-282. [PMID: 38066701 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Plants synthesize large amounts of stored and structural polysaccharides. Aspergillus oryzae is used in traditional Japanese fermentation and produces many types of plant polysaccharide degradation-related enzymes. The carbohydrate-active enzymes of A. oryzae are important in the fermentation process and biotechnological applications. Because plant polysaccharides have a complex structure, cooperative and synergistic actions of enzymes are crucial for the degradation of plant polysaccharides. For example, the cooperative action of isoprimeverose-producing oligoxyloglucan hydrolase, β-galactosidase, and α-xylosidase is important for the degradation of xyloglucan, and A. oryzae coordinates these enzymes at the expression level. In this review, I focus on the plant polysaccharide degradation-related enzymes identified in A. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Matsuzawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
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2
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Williams T, Parker D, Taubman B. Characterization of Unmalted Barley Treated with Aspergillus oryzae. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2021.1978045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Williams
- A.R. Smith Department of Chemistry and Fermentation Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, U.S.A
| | - Daniel Parker
- A.R. Smith Department of Chemistry and Fermentation Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, U.S.A
| | - Brett Taubman
- A.R. Smith Department of Chemistry and Fermentation Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, U.S.A
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3
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Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of Xylanase G2 from Aspergillus oryzae VTCC-F187 in Aspergillus niger VTCC-F017. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8840038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The study focuses on engineering of recombinant Aspergillus niger to produce highly active xylanase. The xylanase G2 encoding gene originating from Aspergillus oryzae VTCC-F187 was cloned, amplified, and inserted into the pAN7.1GluA vector with specific primers possessing BamHI. The recombinant plasmid was introduced into Aspergillus niger VTCC-F017 by chemical methods. The recombinant strain was checked by polymerase chain reaction method and Southern blot. Next, the recombinant protein was expressed and purified by His-tag column. The molecular mass of the purified xylanase G2, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), was 21 kDa with a specific activity of 1025 IU/mg towards 0.5% (w/v) of birchwood xylan. The optimal temperature and pH were 55°C and pH 6.5, respectively. The enzyme was stable in a temperature ranges 25–40°C and a pH ranges 5–7. The presence of Tween 80 enhanced xylanase activity. Triton X-100, however, had no impact on the function of the enzyme. The xylanase activity was reduced by Tween 20, SDS, and organic solvents. The enzyme was completely inhibited by Hg2+ and partially by Zn2+, Fe2+, and Ag+, while it was slightly stimulated by K+ and EDTA.
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Matsuzawa T, Kameyama A, Nakamichi Y, Yaoi K. Identification and characterization of two xyloglucan-specific endo-1,4-glucanases in Aspergillus oryzae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8761-8773. [PMID: 32910269 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae produces glycoside hydrolases to degrade xyloglucan. We identified and characterized two xyloglucan-specific endo-1,4-glucanases (xyloglucanases) named Xeg12A and Xeg5A. Based on their amino acid sequences, Xeg12A and Xeg5A were classified into glycoside hydrolase families GH12 and GH5, respectively. Xeg12A degrades tamarind seed xyloglucan polysaccharide into xyloglucan oligosaccharides containing four glucopyranosyl residues as main chains, including heptasaccharides (XXXG: Glc4Xyl3), octasaccharides (XXLG and XLXG: Glc4Xyl3Gal1), and nonasaccharides (XLLG: Glc4Xyl3Gal2). By contrast, Xeg5A produces various xyloglucan oligosaccharides from xyloglucan. Xeg5A hydrolyzes xyloglucan into not only XXXG, XXLG/XLXG, and XLLG but also disaccharides (isoprimeverose: Glc1Xyl1), tetrasaccharides (XX: Glc2Xyl2 and LG: Glc2Xyl1Gal1), and so on. Xeg12A is a typical endo-dissociative-type xyloglucanase that repeats hydrolysis and desorption from xyloglucan. Conversely, Xeg5A acts as an endo-processive-type xyloglucanase that hydrolyzes xyloglucan progressively without desorption. These results indicate that although both Xeg12A and Xeg5A contribute to the degradation of xyloglucan, they have different modes of activity toward xyloglucan, and the hydrolysis machinery of Xeg5A is unique compared with that of other known GH5 enzymes. KEY POINTS: • We identified two xyloglucanases, Xeg12A and Xeg5A, in A. oryzae. • Modes of activity and regiospecificities of Xeg12A and Xeg5A were clearly different. • Xeg5A is a unique xyloglucanase that produces low-molecular-weight oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Matsuzawa
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamichi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32, Kagamiyama, HigashiHiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Katsuro Yaoi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
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5
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Ito T, Sato A, Takahashi I, Ito T, Takano K, Noge K, Okuda M, Hashizume K. Identification of enzymes from genus Trichoderma that can accelerate formation of ferulic acid and ethyl ferulate in collaboration with rice koji enzyme in sake mash. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:177-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Ichinose S, Tanaka M, Shintani T, Gomi K. Increased production of biomass-degrading enzymes by double deletion of creA and creB genes involved in carbon catabolite repression in Aspergillus oryzae. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:141-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Heinen PR, Bauermeister A, Ribeiro LF, Messias JM, Almeida PZ, Moraes LAB, Vargas-Rechia CG, de Oliveira AHC, Ward RJ, Filho EXF, Kadowaki MK, Jorge JA, Polizeli MLTM. GH11 xylanase from Aspergillus tamarii Kita: Purification by one-step chromatography and xylooligosaccharides hydrolysis monitored in real-time by mass spectrometry. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 108:291-299. [PMID: 29191425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the one-step purification and biochemical characterization of an endo-1,4-β-xylanase from Aspergillus tamarii Kita. Extracellular xylanase was purified to homogeneity 7.43-fold through CM-cellulose. Enzyme molecular weight and pI were estimated to be 19.5kDa and 8.5, respectively. The highest activity of the xylanase was obtained at 60°C and it was active over a broad pH range (4.0-9.0), with maximal activity at pH 5.5. The enzyme was thermostable at 50°C, retaining more than 70% of its initial activity for 480min. The K0.5 and Vmax values on beechwood xylan were 8.13mg/mL and 1,330.20μmol/min/mg of protein, respectively. The ions Ba2+ and Ni2+, and the compounds β-mercaptoethanol and DTT enhanced xylanase activity, while the heavy metals (Co2+, Cu2+, Hg+, Pb2+ and Zn2+) strongly inhibited the enzyme, at 5mM. Enzymatic hydrolysis of xylooligosaccharides monitored in real-time by mass spectrometer showed that the shortest xylooligosaccharide more efficiently hydrolyzed by A. tamarii Kita xylanase corresponded to xylopentaose. In agreement, HPLC analyzes did not detect xylopentaose among the hydrolysis products of xylan. Therefore, this novel GH11 endo-xylanase displays a series of physicochemical properties favorable to its application in the food, feed, pharmaceutical and paper industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Heinen
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia - Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Bauermeister
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L F Ribeiro
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering - Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - J M Messias
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Z Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia - Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L A B Moraes
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C G Vargas-Rechia
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A H C de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R J Ward
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E X F Filho
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - M K Kadowaki
- Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas - UNIOESTE - Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J A Jorge
- Departamento de Biologia - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M L T M Polizeli
- Departamento de Biologia - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zhang S, Ban A, Ebara N, Mizutani O, Tanaka M, Shintani T, Gomi K. Self-excising Cre/mutant lox marker recycling system for multiple gene integrations and consecutive gene deletions in Aspergillus oryzae. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:403-411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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9
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He H, Qin Y, Li N, Chen G, Liang Z. Purification and Characterization of a Thermostable Hypothetical Xylanase from Aspergillus oryzae HML366. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3148-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Al Balaa B, Wouters J, Dogne S, Rossini C, Schaus JM, Depiereux E, Vandenhaute J, Housen I. Identification, Cloning, and Expression of theScytalidium acidophilumXYL1 Gene Encoding for an Acidophilic Xylanase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:269-72. [PMID: 16428847 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We cloned XYL1, a Scytalidium acidophilum gene encoding for an acidophilic family 11 xylanase. The XYL1p protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris using the pPICZalphaA expression plasmid. The secreted protein was purified by TAXI affinity column chromatography. The purified XYL1p showed an optimum activity at pH 3.2 and 56 degrees C. The Michaelis-Menten constants were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Al Balaa
- Research Unit in Molecular Biology, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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11
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Biochemical characterization of an endoxylanase from Pseudozyma brasiliensis sp. nov. strain GHG001 isolated from the intestinal tract of Chrysomelidae larvae associated to sugarcane roots. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Use of Residual Biomass from the Textile Industry as Carbon Source for Production of a Low-Molecular-Weight Xylanase from Aspergillus oryzae. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/app2040754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Mao L, Meng P, Zhou C, Ma L, Zhang G, Ma Y. Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of an acid stable xylanase gene from Alternaria sp. HB186. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:777-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Paës G, Berrin JG, Beaugrand J. GH11 xylanases: Structure/function/properties relationships and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 30:564-92. [PMID: 22067746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
For technical, environmental and economical reasons, industrial demands for process-fitted enzymes have evolved drastically in the last decade. Therefore, continuous efforts are made in order to get insights into enzyme structure/function relationships to create improved biocatalysts. Xylanases are hemicellulolytic enzymes, which are responsible for the degradation of the heteroxylans constituting the lignocellulosic plant cell wall. Due to their variety, xylanases have been classified in glycoside hydrolase families GH5, GH8, GH10, GH11, GH30 and GH43 in the CAZy database. In this review, we focus on GH11 family, which is one of the best characterized GH families with bacterial and fungal members considered as true xylanases compared to the other families because of their high substrate specificity. Based on an exhaustive analysis of the sequences and 3D structures available so far, in relation with biochemical properties, we assess biochemical aspects of GH11 xylanases: structure, catalytic machinery, focus on their "thumb" loop of major importance in catalytic efficiency and substrate selectivity, inhibition, stability to pH and temperature. GH11 xylanases have for a long time been used as biotechnological tools in various industrial applications and represent in addition promising candidates for future other uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Paës
- INRA, UMR614 FARE, 2 esplanade Roland-Garros, F-51686 Reims, France.
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Sato Y, Fukuda H, Zhou Y, Mikami S. Contribution of ethanol-tolerant xylanase G2 from Aspergillus oryzae on Japanese sake brewing. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 110:679-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Characterization of Aspergillus oryzae glycoside hydrolase family 43 β-xylosidase expressed in Escherichia coli. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 109:115-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Jeya M, Thiagarajan S, Lee JK, Gunasekaran P. Cloning and expression of GH11 xylanase gene from Aspergillus fumigatus MKU1 in Pichia pastoris. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 108:24-9. [PMID: 19577187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A xylanase gene, xynf11a of Aspergillus fumigatus MKU1 was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris X33. Two exons of the xynf11a gene were amplified separately and fused by overlap extension PCR. The fused product was cloned in yeast expression vector pPICZB and expressed in P. pastoris under the control of the AOX1 promoter. P. pastoris transformants expressing recombinant xylanases were selected on xylan agar plate and their ability to produce the xylanase was evaluated in flask cultures. P. pastoris X33 (pZBxynf11aFP) efficiently secreted the recombinant xylanase into the medium and produced the high level of xylanase activity (14 U/ml) after 96 h of growth. The recombinant xylanase produced by P. pastoris showed maximum activity at pH 6.0 and temperature 60 degrees C. The recombinant xylanase did not exhibit any cellulase activity and hence it could be potentially used for pretreatment of paper pulp before bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marimuthu Jeya
- Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai - 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shin JH, Choi JH, Lee OS, Kim YM, Lee DS, Kwak YY, Kim WC, Rhee IK. Thermostable xylanase from Streptomyces thermocyaneoviolaceus for optimal production of xylooligosaccharides. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Gene cloning and characterization of a xylanase from a newly isolated Bacillus subtilis strain R5. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 107:360-5. [PMID: 19332293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel mesophilic strain, R5, was isolated from Osaka, Japan. The growth temperature of the strain ranged from 10 to 40 degrees C with optimal growth at 30 degrees C. Cells of strain R5 were highly motile small rods. The full-length 16S rRNA sequence was 99% homologous to that of Bacillus subtilis strain 168. The optimum pH and NaCl concentration for growth of the strain were 7.0 and 3%, respectively. Based on the biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequences R5 was identified as a strain of B. subtilis. The strain R5 produced protease, cellulase, amylase, lipase/esterase, xylanase and a biosurfactant extracellularly. The gene encoding xylanase was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene encoded a protein consisting of 213 amino acids with a relative molecular mass of 23 kDa. The gene product was purified and examined for enzymatic characteristics. The recombinant enzyme exhibited highest activity at temperatures ranging from 40 to 50 degrees C and at pH 6.0. The enzyme activity was enhanced in the presence of metal cations. The V(max) and K(m) values of the recombinant enzyme towards xylan from beech-wood were 5550 nkat/mg and 4.5 mg/mL, respectively.
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20
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Jeya M, Thiagarajan S, Lee JK, Gunasekaran P. Identification of new GH 10 and GH 11 xylanase genes from Aspergillus versicolor MKU3 by genome-walking PCR. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Aspergillus oryzae atfB encodes a transcription factor required for stress tolerance in conidia. Fungal Genet Biol 2008; 45:922-32. [PMID: 18448366 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2008.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Using an Aspergillus oryzae EST database, we identified a gene encoding a transcription factor (atfB), which is a member of the ATF/CREB family. Expression of atfB was barely detectable during vegetative growth, but was readily detected during conidiation in solid-state culture. Microarray analyses showed that expression of many other genes, including catalase (catA), were downregulated in an atfB-disruptant. The expression of most of these genes was upregulated in the wild-type strain during the conidiation phase in solid-state culture, and the expression pattern was similar to that of atfB itself. In the absence of stress, e.g. heat-shock or hydrogen peroxide, the conidial germination ratios for the DeltaatfB strain and the wild-type strain were similar, but the stress tolerance of conidia carrying the DeltaatfB deletion was less than that of the wild-type conidia. CRE-like DNA motifs, which are bound by ATF/CREB proteins, were found in the promoters of most of the downregulated genes in the DeltaatfB strain. Thus, atfB appears to encode a transcription factor required for stress tolerance in conidia.
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22
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Fang HY, Chang SM, Lan CH, Fang TJ. Purification and characterization of a xylanase from Aspergillus carneus M34 and its potential use in photoprotectant preparation. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2007.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Hemicellulose represents a rich source of biomass that can be converted into useful chemical feedstocks. One of the main components of hemicellulose is xylan, a polymer of xylose residues. Xylanase enzymes that hydrolyze xylan are therefore of great commercial interest. We have cloned a gene (xyn11A) that encodes a 283-amino acid xylanase enzyme from the fungus Lentinula edodes. The enzyme has a pI of 4.6 and belongs to the highly conserved glycosyl hydrolase family 11. The xylanase gene was cloned into a Pichia pastoris expression vector that secretes active enzyme into both solid and liquid media. The optimal reaction conditions were at pH 4.5 and 50 degrees C. The enzyme had a Km of 1.5 mg/ml and a Vmax of 2.1 mmol/min/mg. Xyn11A produced primarily xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylotetraose from a birchwood xylan substrate. This is the first report on the cloning of a hemicellulase gene from L. edodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Lee
- Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Kitamoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
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Kimura T, Suzuki H, Furuhashi H, Aburatani T, Morimoto K, Sakka K, Ohmiya K. Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of the xynF3 gene from Aspergillus oryzae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2002; 66:285-92. [PMID: 11999400 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.66.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding xylanase F3 (xynF3) was isolated from a genomic library of Aspergillus oryzae KBN616, used for making shoyu koji. The structural part of xynF3 was found to be 1468 bp. The nucleotide sequence of cDNA amplified by RT-PCR showed that the open reading frame of xynF3 was interrupted by ten short introns and encoded 323 amino acids. Direct N-terminal amino acid sequencing showed that the precursor of XynF3 had a signal peptide of 22 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence of XynF3 has strong similarity to other family 10 xylanases from fungi. The xynF3 gene was successfully overexpressed in A. oryzae and the XynF3 was purified. The molecular mass of XynF3 estimated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 32,000. This was almost the same as the molecular mass of 32,437 calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence. The purified XynF3 showed an optimum activity at pH 5.0 and 58 degrees C. It had a Km of 6.5 mg/ml and a Vmax of 435 micromol x min(-1) x mg(-1) when birch wood xylan was used as a substrate. Expression of the xynF3 gene was analyzed using an Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase gene as a reporter. The result indicated that xynF3 is expressed in the medium containing wheat bran as a carbon source.
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