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Wang J, Guo XL, Chen HY, Xiao LX, Yang GW, Yang HT. A novel l-rhamnose-binding lectin participates in defending against bacterial infection in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108553. [PMID: 36693487 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
l-rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL), which is a class of animal lectins independent of Ca2+, can specifically bind l-rhamnose or d-galactose. Although several lectins in zebrafish have been reported, their functional mechanisms have not been fully uncovered. In this study, we discovered a novel l-rhamnose binding lectin (DrRBL) and studied its innate immune function. The DrRBL protein contains only one carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD), which includes two strictly conserved motifs, "YGR" and "DPC". DrRBL was detected in all tested tissues and was present at high levels in the spleen, hepatopancreas and skin. After Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, the DrRBL mRNA level was significantly upregulated. Additionally, DrRBL was secreted into the extracellular matrix. Recombinant DrRBL (rDrRBL) could significantly inhibit the growth of gram-positive/negative bacteria, bind to several bacteria and cause obvious agglutination. The rDrRBL protein could combine with polysaccharides, such as PGN and LPS, rather than LTA. A more detailed study showed that rDrRBL could combine with monosaccharides, such as mannose, rhamnose and glucose, which are important components of PGN and LPS. However, rDrRBL could not bind to ribitol, which is an important component of LTA. The DrRBL deletion mutants, DrRBLΔ144-150 and DrRBLΔ198-200, were also constructed. DrRBLΔ144-150 ("ANYGRTD" deficient) showed weak bacterial inhibiting ability. However, DrRBLΔ198-200 ("DPC" deficient) showed weak agglutination ability. These results suggest that the "DPC" domain is important for agglutination. The conserved domain "ANYGRTD" is essential for inhibiting bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xin-Lu Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hong-Ye Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lin-Xi Xiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Gui-Wen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hui-Ting Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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2
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Araújo CAC, Pacheco JPF, Waniek PJ, Geraldo RB, Sibajev A, Dos Santos AL, Evangelho VGO, Dyson PJ, Azambuja P, Ratcliffe NA, Castro HC, Mello CB. A rhamnose-binding lectin from Rhodnius prolixus and the impact of its silencing on gut bacterial microbiota and Trypanosoma cruzi. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103823. [PMID: 32800901 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are ubiquitous proteins involved in the immune defenses of different organisms and mainly responsible for non-self-recognition and agglutination reactions. This work describes molecular and biological characterization of a rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) from Rhodnius prolixus, which possesses a 21 amino acid signal peptide and a mature protein of 34.6 kDa. The in-silico analysis of the primary and secondary structures of RpLec revealed a lectin domain fully conserved among previous insects studied. The three-dimensional homology model of RpLec was similar to other RBL-lectins. Docking predictions with the monosaccharides showed rhamnose and galactose-binding sites comparable to Latrophilin-1 and N-Acetylgalactosamine-binding in a different site. The effects of RpLec gene silencing on levels of infecting Trypanosoma cruzi Dm 28c and intestinal bacterial populations in the R. prolixus midgut were studied by injecting RpLec dsRNA into the R. prolixus hemocoel. Whereas T. cruzi numbers remained unchanged compared with the controls, numbers of bacteria increased significantly. The silencing also induced the up regulation of the R. prolixus defC (defensin) expression gene. These results with RpLec reveal the potential importance of this little studied molecule in the insect vector immune response and homeostasis of the gut bacterial microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A C Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil
| | - J P F Pacheco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil
| | - P J Waniek
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil
| | - R B Geraldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil
| | - A Sibajev
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Av. Cap. Enê Garcez 2413, Boa Vista, RR, CEP 69400-000, Brazil
| | - A L Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil
| | - V G O Evangelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil
| | - P J Dyson
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - P Azambuja
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação, Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N A Ratcliffe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil; Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA28PP, UK
| | - H C Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil.
| | - C B Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus Do Gragoatá, Bloco M, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 24201-201, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Zhang D, Beck BH, Mohammed H, Zhao H, Thongda W, Ye Z, Zeng Q, Shoemaker CA, Fuller SA, Peatman E. l-rhamnose-binding lectins (RBLs) in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: Characterization and expression profiling in mucosal tissues. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:426-435. [PMID: 29133252 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnose-binding lectins (RBLs) are crucial elements associated with innate immune responses to infections and have been characterized from a variety of teleost fishes. Given the importance of RBL in teleost fishes, we sought to study the diversity and expression profiles of RBLs in an important cultured fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following experimental infection with Streptococcus agalactiae, a major cause of streptococcosis in farmed tilapia. In this study, four predicted RBL genes were identified from Nile tilapia and were designated as OnRBL3a, OnRBL3b, OnRBL3c, and OnRBL3d. These OnRBLs were composed of two tandem-repeated type five carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), classified as type IIIc, and all clustered together phylogenetically. OnRBL-CRDs shared conserved topology of eight cysteine residues, characteristic peptide motifs of -YGR- and -DPC- (or -FGR- and -DTC-), and similar exon/intron organization. OnRBLs had the highest expression in immune-related tissues, gills, intestine or liver. However, the changes of OnRBL expression in the gills and intestine at 2 h, 4 h and 24 h post S. agalactiae challenge were modest, suggesting that tilapia may not mediate the entry or confront the infection of S. agalactiae through induction of RBL genes. The observed expression pattern may be related to the RBL type and CRD composition, S. agalactiae pathogenesis, the accessibility of ligands on the bacterial surface, and/or the species of fish. OnRBLs characterized in this study were the first RBL members identified in Nile tilapia and their characterization will expand our knowledge of RBLs in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Benjamin H Beck
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | - Haitham Mohammed
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Department of Aquatic Animals Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Honggang Zhao
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Wilawan Thongda
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhi Ye
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Qifan Zeng
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Craig A Shoemaker
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | - S Adam Fuller
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA
| | - Eric Peatman
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Wang L, Ma H, Fu L, Yao J. Kpna7 interacts with egg-specific nuclear factors in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 81:1136-45. [PMID: 25511304 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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5
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Cammarata M, Parisi MG, Benenati G, Vasta GR, Parrinello N. A rhamnose-binding lectin from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) plasma agglutinates and opsonizes pathogenic bacteria. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 44:332-40. [PMID: 24486534 PMCID: PMC4607264 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of rhamnose-binding lectins (RBLs) in teleost fish eggs led to the identification of a novel lectin family characterized by a unique sequence motif and a structural fold, and initially proposed to modulate fertilization. Further studies of the RBL tissue localization and gene organization were also suggestive of role(s) in innate immunity. Here we describe the purification, and biochemical and functional characterization of a novel RBL (DlRBL) from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) serum. The purified DlRBL had electrophoretic mobilities corresponding to 24 kDa and 100 kDa under reducing and non-reducing conditions, respectively, suggesting that in plasma the DlRBL is present as a physiological homotetramer. DlRBL subunit transcripts revealed an open reading frame encoding 212 amino acid residues that included two tandemly-arrayed carbohydrate-recognition domains, and an 18-residue signal sequence at the N-terminus. The deduced size of 24.1 kDa for the mature protein was in good agreement with the subunit size of the isolated lectin. Binding activity of DlRBL for rabbit erythrocytes could be inhibited in the presence of rhamnose or galactose, did not require calcium, and was optimal at around 20°C and within the pH 6.5-8.0 range. DlRBL agglutinated Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, and exposure of formalin-killed Escherichia coli to DlRBL enhanced their phagocytosis by D. labrax peritoneal macrophages relative to the unexposed controls. Taken together, the results suggest that plasma DlRBL may play a role in immune recognition of microbial pathogens and facilitate their clearance by phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cammarata
- Department of Biological, Chemical, Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Maria Giovanna Parisi
- Department of Biological, Chemical, Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gigliola Benenati
- Department of Biological, Chemical, Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, UMB, IMET, Suite 236, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Nicolò Parrinello
- Department of Biological, Chemical, Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
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6
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Hosono M, Sugawara S, Tatsuta T, Hikita T, Kominami J, Nakamura-Tsuruta S, Hirabayashi J, Kawsar SMA, Ozeki Y, Hakomori SI, Nitta K. Domain composition of rhamnose-binding lectin from shishamo smelt eggs and its carbohydrate-binding profiles. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:1619-1630. [PMID: 23740100 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Osmerus (Spirinchus) lanceolatus egg lectin (OLL) is a member of the rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) family which is mainly found in aqueous beings. cDNA of OLL was cloned, and its genomic architecture was revealed. The deduced amino acid (aa) sequence indicated that OLL was composed of 213 aa including 95 aa of domain N and 97 aa of domain C. N and C showed 73 % sequence identity and contained both -ANYGR- and -DPC-KYL-peptide motifs which are conserved in most of the RBL carbohydrate recognition domains. The calculated molecular mass of mature OLL was 20,852, consistent with the result, and 20,677.716, from mass spectrometry. OLL was encoded by eight exons: exons 1 and 2 for a signal peptide; exons 3-5 and 6-8 for N- and C-domains, respectively. Surface plasmon resonance spectrometric analyses revealed that OLL showed comparable affinity for Galα- and β-linkages, whereas Silurus asotus lectin (SAL), a catfish RBL, bound preferentially to α-linkages of neoglycoproteins. The Kd values of OLL and SAL against globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) were 1.69 × 10⁻⁵ M for and 2.81 × 10⁻⁶ M, respectively. Thus, the carbohydrate recognition property of OLL is slightly different from that of SAL. On the other hand, frontal affinity chromatography revealed that both OLL and SAL interacted with only glycolipid-type oligosaccharides such as Gb3 trisaccharides, not with N-linked oligosaccharides. The domain composition of these RBLs and an analytical environment such as the "cluster effect" of a ligand might influence the binding between RBL and sugar chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hosono
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan,
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7
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Ogawa T, Watanabe M, Naganuma T, Muramoto K. Diversified carbohydrate-binding lectins from marine resources. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2011; 2011:838914. [PMID: 22312473 PMCID: PMC3269628 DOI: 10.4061/2011/838914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Marine bioresources produce a great variety of specific and potent bioactive molecules including natural organic compounds such as fatty acids, polysaccharides, polyether, peptides, proteins, and enzymes. Lectins are also one of the promising candidates for useful therapeutic agents because they can recognize the specific carbohydrate structures such as proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids, resulting in the regulation of various cells via glycoconjugates and their physiological and pathological phenomenon through the host-pathogen interactions and cell-cell communications. Here, we review the multiple lectins from marine resources including fishes and sea invertebrate in terms of their structure-activity relationships and molecular evolution. Especially, we focus on the unique structural properties and molecular evolution of C-type lectins, galectin, F-type lectin, and rhamnose-binding lectin families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Ogawa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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8
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Jia WZ, Shang N, Guo QL. Molecular cloning of rhamnose-binding lectin gene and its promoter region from snakehead Channa argus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 36:451-459. [PMID: 19326250 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-009-9315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are sugar-binding proteins that mediate pathogen recognition and cell-cell interactions. A rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) gene and its promoter region have been cloned and characterized from snakehead Channa argus. From the transcription initiation site, snakehead rhamnose-binding lectin (SHL) gene extends 2,382 bp to the end of the 3' untranslated region (UTR), and contains nine exons and eight introns. The open reading frame (ORF) of the SHL transcript has 675 bp which encodes 224 amino acids. The molecular structure of SHL is composed of two tandem repeat carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) with 35% internal identity. Analysis of the gene organization of SHL indicates that the ancestral gene of RBL may diverge and evolve by exon shuffling and gene duplication, producing new forms to play their own roles in various organisms. The characteristics of SHL gene 5' flanking region are the presence of consensus nuclear factor of interleukin 6 (NF-IL6) and IFN-gamma activation (GAS) sites. The results provide indirect evidence that up-regulation of SHL expression may be induced in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). The transcript of SHL mRNA was expressed in the head kidney, posterior kidney, spleen, liver, intestine, heart, muscle, and ovary. No tissue-specific expressive pattern is different from reported STLs, WCLs, and PFLs, suggesting that different types of RBLs exist in species-specific fish that have evolved and adapted to their surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Z Jia
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - N Shang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Q L Guo
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China.
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SUEL-related lectins, a lectin family widely distributed throughout organisms. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2010; 74:1141-4. [PMID: 20530910 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycan-binding proteins are categorized into two groups, lectins and sulfated glycosaminoglycan-binding proteins. SUEL-related lectins are members of a superfamily of proteins containing a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD), which is structurally similar to sea urchin egg lectin (SUEL). Here I review the structure and function of this family of proteins.
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10
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Structure of rhamnose-binding lectin CSL3: unique pseudo-tetrameric architecture of a pattern recognition protein. J Mol Biol 2009; 391:390-403. [PMID: 19524596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the L-rhamnose-binding lectin CSL3 was determined to 1.8 A resolution. This protein is a component of the germline-encoded pattern recognition proteins in innate immunity. CSL3 is a homodimer of two 20 kDa subunits with a dumbbell-like shape overall, in which the N- and C-terminal domains of different subunits form lobe structures connected with flexible linker peptides. The complex structures of the protein with specific carbohydrates demonstrated the importance of the most variable loop region among homologues for the specificity toward oligosaccharides. CSL3 and Shiga-like toxin both use Gb(3) as a cellular receptor to evoke apoptosis. They have very different overall architecture but share the separation distance between carbohydrate-binding sites. An inspection of the structure database suggested that the pseudo-tetrameric structure of CSL3 was unique among the known lectins. This architecture implies this protein might provide a unique tool for further investigations into the relationships between architecture and function of pattern recognition proteins.
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11
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Watanabe Y, Tateno H, Nakamura-Tsuruta S, Kominami J, Hirabayashi J, Nakamura O, Watanabe T, Kamiya H, Naganuma T, Ogawa T, Naudé RJ, Muramoto K. The function of rhamnose-binding lectin in innate immunity by restricted binding to Gb3. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 33:187-197. [PMID: 18809432 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
L-rhamnose-binding lectins (RBLs) have been isolated from various kinds of fish and invertebrates and interact with various kinds of bacteria, suggesting RBLs are involved in various inflammatory reactions. We investigated the effect of RBLs from chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), named CSL1, 2 and 3, on the peritoneal macrophage cell line from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (RTM5) and an established fibroblastic-like cell line derived from gonadal tissue of rainbow trout (RTG-2). CSLs were bound to the surface of RTM5 and RTG-2 cells and induced proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1beta1, IL-1beta2, TNF-alpha1, TNF-alpha2 and IL-8 in both cells by recognizing globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). In addition, CSLs had an opsonic effect on RTM5 cells and this effect was significantly inhibited by L-rhamnose, indicating that CSLs enhanced their phagocytosis by binding to Gb3 on cell surfaces. This is the first finding that Gb3 plays a role in innate immunity by cooperating with natural ligands, RBLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Watanabe
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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12
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Jimbo M, Usui R, Sakai R, Muramoto K, Kamiya H. Purification, cloning and characterization of egg lectins from the teleost Tribolodon brandti. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 147:164-71. [PMID: 17331772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 12/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Three L-rhamnose-binding egg lectins, TBL1, TBL2 and TBL3, were isolated from the eggs of the Far East dace Tribolodon brandti by a combination of affinity chromatography on L-rhamnose-Sepharose 6B gel and reversed-phase HPLC. L-rhamnose is a common inhibitor of the purified lectins and strongly inhibited the hemagglutinating activity of TBL2 and TBL3, but less weakly that of TBL1. L-arabinose, which has the same hydroxyl group orientation at C2 and C4 as L-rhamnose, and D-galactose showed no inhibitory activity against TBL1 but showed weak inhibitory activity against TBL2 and TBL3. The open reading frames of the cDNAs of TBL1, TBL2 and TBL3 encoded for mature proteins of 207, 189, and 293 amino acid residues, respectively. A BLAST homology search showed that the TBLs have about 40% homology to the carbohydrate recognition domains of rhamnose-binding lectins in salmonid eggs. The tandem repeated domains present in TBL1, TBL2 and TBL3 were two, two and three, respectively. TBL2 was exclusively expressed in ovary, while TBL1 and TBL3 were expressed mainly in ovary and weakly in various tissues including gill, heart, kidney, liver, spleen and testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Jimbo
- Department of Marine Bioscience, School of Fisheries Sciences, Kitasato University, 160-4, Ofunato, Iwate 022-0101, Japan.
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Terada T, Watanabe Y, Tateno H, Naganuma T, Ogawa T, Muramoto K, Kamiya H. Structural characterization of a rhamnose-binding glycoprotein (lectin) from Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorous niphonius) eggs. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1770:617-29. [PMID: 17184920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A rhamnose-binding glycoprotein (lectin), named SML, was isolated from the eggs of Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorous niphonius) by affinity and ion-exchange chromatographies. SML was composed of a non-covalently linked homodimer. The SML subunit was composed of 201 amino acid residues with two tandemly repeated domains, and contained 8 half-Cys residues in each domain, which is highly homologous to the N-terminal lectin domain of calcium-independent alpha-latrotoxin receptor in mammalian brains. Each domain has the same disulfide bonding pattern; Cys10-Cys40, Cys20-Cys99, Cys54-Cys86 and Cys67-Cys73 were located in the N-terminal domain, and Cys108-Cys138, Cys117-Cys195, Cys152-Cys182 and Cys163-Cys169 were in the C-terminal domain. SML was N-glycosylated at Asn168 in the C-terminal domain. The structure of the sugar chain was determined to be NeuAc-Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-2Manalpha1-6-(NeuAc-Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-2Manalpha1-3)Manbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4GlcNAc-Asn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatomo Terada
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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Mathavan S, Lee SGP, Mak A, Miller LD, Murthy KRK, Govindarajan KR, Tong Y, Wu YL, Lam SH, Yang H, Ruan Y, Korzh V, Gong Z, Liu ET, Lufkin T. Transcriptome analysis of zebrafish embryogenesis using microarrays. PLoS Genet 2005; 1:260-76. [PMID: 16132083 PMCID: PMC1193535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a well-recognized model for the study of vertebrate developmental genetics, yet at the same time little is known about the transcriptional events that underlie zebrafish embryogenesis. Here we have employed microarray analysis to study the temporal activity of developmentally regulated genes during zebrafish embryogenesis. Transcriptome analysis at 12 different embryonic time points covering five different developmental stages (maternal, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, and pharyngula) revealed a highly dynamic transcriptional profile. Hierarchical clustering, stage-specific clustering, and algorithms to detect onset and peak of gene expression revealed clearly demarcated transcript clusters with maximum gene activity at distinct developmental stages as well as co-regulated expression of gene groups involved in dedicated functions such as organogenesis. Our study also revealed a previously unidentified cohort of genes that are transcribed prior to the mid-blastula transition, a time point earlier than when the zygotic genome was traditionally thought to become active. Here we provide, for the first time to our knowledge, a comprehensive list of developmentally regulated zebrafish genes and their expression profiles during embryogenesis, including novel information on the temporal expression of several thousand previously uncharacterized genes. The expression data generated from this study are accessible to all interested scientists from our institute resource database (http://giscompute.gis.a-star.edu.sg/~govind/zebrafish/data_download.html).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alicia Mak
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Yan Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Lian Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Hong Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yijun Ruan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Thomas Lufkin
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Tateno H, Ogawa T, Muramoto K, Kamiya H, Saneyoshi M. Distribution and molecular evolution of rhamnose-binding lectins in Salmonidae: isolation and characterization of two lectins from white-spotted Charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis) eggs. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2002; 66:1356-65. [PMID: 12162558 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.66.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
L-Rhamnose-binding lectins were isolated from white-spotted charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis) eggs to understand the distribution and molecular evolution of the lectins in Salmonidae. Only two L-rhamnose-binding lectins, named WCL1 and WCL3, were isolated from white-spotted charr eggs, though three lectins, named STL1, STL2, and STL3, had been obtained from steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs. The cDNAs of WCL1 and WCL3 included 1,245 and 838 bp nucleotides with open reading frames of 933 and 651 nucleotides, respectively, and encoded for the complete amino acid sequences of mature proteins consisted of 288 (WCL1) and 195 (WCL3) residues, and signal sequences of 23 and 22 residues, respectively. WCLs were composed of three (for WCL1) or two (for WCL3) tandemly repeated homologous domains, which consisted of about 95 amino acid residues, and showed 91 and 93% sequence identities to STL1 and STL3, respectively. The mRNAs of WCL1 and WCL3 were detected exclusively in liver and ovary, respectively, however, neither a protein nor mRNA corresponding to STL2 could be identified in white-spotted charr. The phylogenetic tree of the sequences encoding carbohydrate recognition domains of 7 lectins from 4 species shows 5 functional clusters and their evolutional process. These results indicate that multiple L-rhamnose-binding isolectins have diverged by gene duplication and exon shuffling to play various biological roles in each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tateno
- Department of Biological Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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