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Al-U’datt DGF, Tranchant CC, Al-Husein B, Hiram R, Al-Dwairi A, AlQudah M, Al-shboul O, Jaradat S, Alqbelat J, Almajwal A. Involvement and possible role of transglutaminases 1 and 2 in mediating fibrotic signalling, collagen cross-linking and cell proliferation in neonatal rat ventricular fibroblasts. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281320. [PMID: 36848364 PMCID: PMC9970086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase (TG) isoforms control diverse normal and pathophysiologic processes through their capacity to cross-link extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Their functional and signalling roles in cardiac fibrosis remain poorly understood, despite some evidence of TG2 involvement in abnormal ECM remodelling in heart diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of TG1 and TG2 in mediating fibrotic signalling, collagen cross-linking, and cell proliferation in healthy fibroblasts by siRNA-mediated knockdown. siRNA for TG1, TG2 or negative control was transfected into cultured neonatal rat ventricular fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. mRNA expression of TGs and profibrotic, proliferation and apoptotic markers was assessed by qPCR. Cell proliferation and soluble and insoluble collagen were determined by ELISA and LC-MS/MS, respectively. TG1 and TG2 were both expressed in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts before transfection. Other TGs were not detected before and after transfection. TG2 was predominantly expressed and more effectively silenced than TG1. Knocking down TG1 or TG2 significantly modified profibrotic markers mRNA expression in fibroblasts, decreasing connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and increasing transforming growth factor-β1 compared to the negative siRNA control. Reduced expression of collagen 3A1 was found upon TG1 knockdown, while TG2 knockdown raised α-smooth muscle actin expression. TG2 knockdown further increased fibroblast proliferation and the expression of proliferation marker cyclin D1. Lower insoluble collagen content and collagen cross-linking were evidenced upon silencing TG1 or TG2. Transcript levels of collagen 1A1, fibronectin 1, matrix metalloproteinase-2, cyclin E2, and BCL-2-associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma 2 ratio were strongly correlated with TG1 mRNA expression, whereas TG2 expression correlated strongly with CTGF mRNA abundance. These findings support a functional and signalling role for TG1 and TG2 from fibroblasts in regulating key processes underlying myocardial ECM homeostasis and dysregulation, suggesting that these isoforms could be potential and promising targets for the development of cardiac fibrosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doa’a G. F. Al-U’datt
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Carole C. Tranchant
- School of Food Science, Nutrition and Family Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Community Services, Université de Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Belal Al-Husein
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Roddy Hiram
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ahmed Al-Dwairi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad AlQudah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Physiology Department, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Othman Al-shboul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saied Jaradat
- Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Jenan Alqbelat
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ziberna F, Sblattero D, Lega S, Stefani C, Dal Ferro M, Marano F, Gaita B, De Leo L, Vatta S, Berti I, Caproni M, Bonciani D, Lindfors K, Salmi T, Reunala T, Kaukinen K, Kalliokoski S, Kurppa K, Ura B, Barbi E, Bramuzzo M, Not T. A novel quantitative ELISA as accurate and reproducible tool to detect epidermal transglutaminase antibodies in patients with Dermatitis Herpetiformis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e78-e80. [PMID: 33463795 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Ziberna
- Paediatric Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, I.R.C.C.S. "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - D Sblattero
- Life Sciences Department, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Lega
- Paediatric Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, I.R.C.C.S. "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - C Stefani
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Dal Ferro
- Life Sciences Department, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Marano
- Life Sciences Department, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - B Gaita
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - L De Leo
- Paediatric Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, I.R.C.C.S. "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - S Vatta
- Paediatric Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, I.R.C.C.S. "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - I Berti
- Paediatric Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, I.R.C.C.S. "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - M Caproni
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - D Bonciani
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - K Lindfors
- Coeliac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - T Salmi
- Coeliac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - T Reunala
- Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - K Kaukinen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - S Kalliokoski
- Coeliac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - K Kurppa
- Centre for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,University Consortium of Seinäjoki and Seinäjoki University Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - B Ura
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, I.R.C.C.S. "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - E Barbi
- Paediatric Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, I.R.C.C.S. "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy.,University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Bramuzzo
- Paediatric Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, I.R.C.C.S. "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - T Not
- Paediatric Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, I.R.C.C.S. "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy.,University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Eckert RL, Kaartinen MT, Nurminskaya M, Belkin AM, Colak G, Johnson GVW, Mehta K. Transglutaminase regulation of cell function. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:383-417. [PMID: 24692352 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGs) are multifunctional proteins having enzymatic and scaffolding functions that participate in regulation of cell fate in a wide range of cellular systems and are implicated to have roles in development of disease. This review highlights the mechanism of action of these proteins with respect to their structure, impact on cell differentiation and survival, role in cancer development and progression, and function in signal transduction. We also discuss the mechanisms whereby TG level is controlled and how TGs control downstream targets. The studies described herein begin to clarify the physiological roles of TGs in both normal biology and disease states.
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Okada I, Sanada K, Chiba T. Proteome Analysis of Calcium-Induced Proteins in Human Keratinocyte Differentiation. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2008. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.57.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iichiro Okada
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
| | - Kazuo Sanada
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
| | - Tadashige Chiba
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
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Cheng T, Hitomi K, van Vlijmen-Willems IMJJ, de Jongh GJ, Yamamoto K, Nishi K, Watts C, Reinheckel T, Schalkwijk J, Zeeuwen PLJM. Cystatin M/E is a high affinity inhibitor of cathepsin V and cathepsin L by a reactive site that is distinct from the legumain-binding site. A novel clue for the role of cystatin M/E in epidermal cornification. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:15893-9. [PMID: 16565075 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m600694200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystatin M/E is a high affinity inhibitor of the asparaginyl endopeptidase legumain, and we have previously reported that both proteins are likely to be involved in the regulation of stratum corneum formation in skin. Although cystatin M/E contains a predicted binding site for papain-like cysteine proteases, no high affinity binding for any member of this family has been demonstrated so far. We report that human cathepsin V (CTSV) and human cathepsin L (CTSL) are strongly inhibited by human cystatin M/E. Kinetic studies show that Ki values of cystatin M/E for the interaction with CTSV and CTSL are 0.47 and 1.78 nM, respectively. On the basis of the analogous sites in cystatin C, we used site-directed mutagenesis to identify the binding sites of these proteases in cystatin M/E. We found that the W135A mutant was rendered inactive against CTSV and CTSL but retained legumain-inhibiting activity. Conversely, the N64A mutant lost legumain-inhibiting activity but remained active against the papain-like cysteine proteases. We conclude that legumain and papain-like cysteine proteases are inhibited by two distinct non-overlapping sites. Using immunohistochemistry on normal human skin, we found that cystatin M/E co-localizes with CTSV and CTSL. In addition, we show that CTSL is the elusive enzyme that processes and activates epidermal transglutaminase 3. The identification of CTSV and CTSL as novel targets for cystatin M/E, their (co)-expression in the stratum granulosum of human skin, and the activity of CTSL toward transglutaminase 3 strongly imply an important role for these enzymes in the differentiation process of human epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsing Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P. O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Brown DR, Kitchin D, Qadadri B, Neptune N, Batteiger T, Ermel A. The human papillomavirus type 11 E1--E4 protein is a transglutaminase 3 substrate and induces abnormalities of the cornified cell envelope. Virology 2005; 345:290-8. [PMID: 16257432 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Accepted: 09/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) E1--E4 protein is detected in the cytoplasm of differentiated keratinocytes, near the cornified cell envelope. HPV does not induce lysis of the infected keratinocyte, and the normally durable cornified cell envelope that forms during keratinocyte differentiation would seemingly inhibit viral egress. HPV infection induces abnormalities of the cornified cell envelope, but the exact mechanisms involved are not well understood. We tested whether the HPV 11 E1--E4 protein, which co-localizes the cell envelope and co-purifies with cell envelope fragments, could serve as an in vitro substrate for transglutaminases. We found evidence of E1--E4 cross-linking by endogenous transglutaminases in an in situ assay using frozen sections of human foreskin, and in addition, E1--E4 protein was cross-linked by recombinant transglutaminase 3 (but not transglutaminase 1) in an in vitro cross-linking assay. We also tested whether expression of E1--E4 in differentiated keratinocytes would induce morphologic alterations of cornified cell envelopes. Differentiated keratinocytes expressing E1--E4 were disorganized and pleomorphic compared to control cells, and cell envelopes purified from E1--E4-expressing cells were small, fragmented, and rough bordered compared to the round, smooth bordered cell envelopes from control cells. We conclude from these in vitro experiments that the E1--E4 protein is cross-linked by transglutaminase 3, and that E1--E4 expression in differentiated keratinocytes induces morphologic abnormalities of the cornified cell envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darron R Brown
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46077, USA.
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