Infantile Myofibroma: Case Report and Review of the Literature

A rare case of cervical myofibroma in an infant: A case report

INTRODUCTION

A solitary infantile myofibroma tumor arises as a hard, painless cutaneous or subcutaneous nodule and is defined as an uncommon soft tissue neoplasm that is usually seen in childhood.

CASE PRESENTATION

A nine-month-old female infant presented with a solid mass that appeared one month ago. The mass gradually increased in size within the right posterior triangle of the neck, without any local or systemic accompanying symptoms. Laboratory tests were normal. Ultrasonography revealed a homogeneous tissue mass measuring 1.5 × 3 cm, with blood flow within it. Multislice CT scan accurately localized the isolated tumor. The mass was surgically excised and found within the sternocleidomastoid muscle, without any adhesions to adjacent tissues. Histological examination of the tumor and immunohistochemical tests confirmed infantile myofibroma.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION

IM is one of the most common soft tissue tumors in children and mainly consists of myofibroblasts. 90 % of IM cases are diagnosed before the age of two years. Possible therapeutic measures for this tumor include conservative management, surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and steroid injections into the tumor. Surgical removal of the tumor is often performed, and if it is single and completely removed, the prognosis is good with a recurrence rate of less than 10 %.

CONCLUSION

Infantile myofibroma is considered a benign tumor, but it may be fatal in some cases. Each case is treated individually according to the number (single or multicentric), size, location, symptoms, and visceral involvement. Surgical resection remains the therapeutic procedure of choice in most cases.

Dermatologic Review in Pediatric Vascular Lesions

Vascular anomalies (VAs) can be present in any organ; however, the skin being the largest one, it is there where many of them are evident; some are visible at birth, others develop throughout life. Pediatric dermatologists are specially trained to distinguish VAs from their mimickers, which require different treatments and may harbor distinct prognoses. We resume the diagnostic and therapeutic tasks of pediatric dermatologist at our vascular anomaly clinics, as well as the differential diagnoses of mimickers of VAs.

Intramasseteric Solitary Myofibroma: A Case Report

Solitary myofibroma or infantile myofibroma is a rare spindle cell neoplasm that generally affects infants before the age of 2 years but cases in young children and adults have been described. Although the location of infantile myofibroma in the oral and maxillofacial region has been described, the intramasseteric location of the lesion is very uncommon. A thorough assessment of histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics is necessary to have a correct diagnosis. Treatment relies on surgical resection. In this article, we present a rare clinical case of a 15-year-old patient with a myofibroma of the masseteric muscle and its management.

Infantile Myofibroma: A Series of 2 Cases with Special Reference to Cytological Features

BackgroundInfantile myofibromas (IM) are benign soft tissue lesions of childhood and represent a significant portion of the benign spectrum of fibroblastic-myofibroblastic tumors. Cytological diagnosis of these tumors can be challenging because of overlapping morphology and limited case report descriptions. We describe the cytological features and the cytological differential diagnoses.Case reportWe describe cytological features of two IMs. The main features were the presence of loose clusters and dispersed bland myofibroblasts in varying stages of maturation with traversing blood vessels and myxoid stroma. The cells typically lacked features of atypia, mitoses and significant pleomorphism.ConclusionDiagnosis of IM on the basis of cytology alone can be tricky and definitive diagnosis should be made only after correlating the cytological features with histology. However, bland morphology of differentiating myofibroblasts can aid in cytological diagnosis and help to exclude other malignant spindle cells neoplasms needing preoperative chemotherapy.

Testicular Myofibroma in Children: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Testicular tumors are rare in the prepubertal population and often are germ cell tumors. Myofibroma is a rare spindle cell neoplasm composed of myofibroblasts, which are intermediate cells between fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Only two prepubertal testicular myofibromas have been previously reported. While cryptorchidism is a risk factor for testicular germ cell tumors, the exact etiology of testicular myofibroma is unknown. We report a case of testicular myofibroma in a six-year-old male with a history of undescended testes, as well as a review of the literature. This case suggests a possible connection between undescended testes and testicular myofibroma.