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Lee SH, Li XH, Lu QY, Zhan CL, Kim JD, Lee GH, Sim JM, Cui XS. Nobiletin enhances mitochondrial function by regulating SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling in porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 706:149747. [PMID: 38479243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Nobiletin is a natural flavonoid found in citrus fruits with beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-oxidation effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether nobiletin improves mitochondrial function in porcine oocytes and examine the underlying mechanism. Oocytes enclosed by cumulus cells were cultured in TCM-199 for 44 h with 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (control), or supplemented with 5, 10, 25, and 50 μM of nobiletin (Nob5, Nob10, Nob25, and Nob50, respectively). Oocyte maturation rate was significantly enhanced in Nob10 (70.26 ± 0.45%) compared to the other groups (control: 60.12 ± 0.47%; Nob5: 59.44 ± 1.63%; Nob25: 63.15 ± 1.38%; Nob50: 46.57 ± 1.19%). The addition of nobiletin reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species and increased glutathione levels. Moreover, Nob10 promoted mitochondrial biogenesis by upregulating the protein levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). This resulted in an increase in the number of active mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA copy number, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP production, thereby enhancing mitochondrial function. The protein level of p53 decreased, followed by the phosphorylation of B-cell lymphoma 2, suggesting a reduction in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in the Nob10 group. Additionally, the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria was significantly diminished along with a decrease in the protein expression of caspase 3. Thus, nobiletin has a great potential to promote the in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes by suppressing oxidative stress and promoting mitochondrial function through the upregulation of the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao-Han Li
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Qin-Yue Lu
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhan
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Dam Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Hyun Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Sim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Sun MH, Jiang WJ, Li XH, Lee SH, Heo G, Zhou D, Guo J, Cui XS. High Temperature-Induced m6A Epigenetic Changes Affect Early Porcine Embryonic Developmental Competence in Pigs. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:2174-2183. [PMID: 38066680 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent modification in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA), plays a key role in various developmental processes in mammals. Three proteins that affect RNA m6A modification have been identified: methyltransferases, demethylases, and m6A-binding proteins, known as "writer," "eraser," and "reader" proteins, respectively. However, changes in the m6A modification when early porcine embryos are exposed to stress remain unclear. In this study, we exposed porcine oocytes to a high temperature (HT, 41°C) for 10 h, after which the mature oocytes were parthenogenetically activated and cultured for 7 days to the blastocyst stage. HT significantly decreased the rates of the first polar body extrusion and blastocyst formation. Further detection of m6A modification found that HT can lead to increased expression levels of "reader," YTHDF2, and "writer," METTL3, and decreased expression levels of "eraser," FTO, resulting in an increased level of m6A modification in the embryos. Additionally, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is upregulated under HT conditions. Our study demonstrated that HT exposure alters m6A modification levels, which further affects early porcine embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hong Sun
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Wen-Jie Jiang
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Xiao-Han Li
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Song-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Geun Heo
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Dongjie Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
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Li XH, Sun MH, Jiang WJ, Zhou D, Lee SH, Heo G, Chen Z, Cui XS. ZSCAN4 Regulates Zygotic Genome Activation and Telomere Elongation in Porcine Parthenogenetic Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12121. [PMID: 37569497 PMCID: PMC10418334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing 4 (ZSCAN4), a DNA-binding protein, maintains telomere length and plays a key role in critical aspects of mouse embryonic stem cells, including maintaining genomic stability and defying cellular senescence. However, the effect of ZSCAN4 in porcine parthenogenetic embryos remains unclear. To investigate the function of ZSCAN4 and the underlying mechanism in porcine embryo development, ZSCAN4 was knocked down via dsRNA injection in the one-cell stage. ZSCAN4 was highly expressed in the four- and five- to eight-cell stages in porcine embryos. The percentage of four-cell stage embryos, five- to eight-cell stage embryos, and blastocysts was lower in the ZSCAN4 knockdown group than in the control group. Notably, depletion of ZSCAN4 induced the protein expression of DNMT1 and 5-Methylcytosine (5mC, a methylated form of the DNA base cytosine) in the four-cell stage. The H3K27ac level and ZGA genes expression decreased following ZSCAN4 knockdown. Furthermore, ZSCAN4 knockdown led to DNA damage and shortened telomere compared with the control. Additionally, DNMT1-dsRNA was injected to reduce DNA hypermethylation in ZSCAN4 knockdown embryos. DNMT1 knockdown rescued telomere shortening and developmental defects caused by ZSCAN4 knockdown. In conclusion, ZSCAN4 is involved in the regulation of transcriptional activity and is essential for maintaining telomere length by regulating DNMT1 expression in porcine ZGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Han Li
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming-Hong Sun
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen-Jie Jiang
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjie Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Heo
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Jiang WJ, Sun MH, Li XH, Lee SH, Heo G, Zhou D, Cui XS. E2F4 regulates cell cycle to mediate embryonic development in pigs. Theriogenology 2023; 196:227-235. [PMID: 36427391 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, E2 factor (E2F) acts as a cell cycle regulator. E2F transcription factor 4 (E2F4) is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors and usually represents predominant E2F activity in cells. The E2F4 gene has been extensively studied in animals and is associated with multiple functions, such as cell cycle regulation and apoptosis; however, little is known about its role during embryonic development. In this study, we investigated the function of E2F4 and its mechanism of action in porcine embryo development. For this purpose, we knocked down E2F4 by microinjecting double-stranded RNA of E2F4 at the 1-cell stage. The results showed that E2F4 knockdown in porcine embryos led to a significant decrease in the blastocyst rate and total cell number. Defective E2F4 expression reduced the level of G1/S checkpoints (cyclin E-cyclin-dependent kinase 2) and cell cycle-related gene expression at the 4-cell embryo stage and blastocyst. Moreover, a decrease in E2F4 expression increased phosphorylated H2A.X variant histones and activated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and p53-p21 pathway. In addition, E2F4 depletion caused a significant decrease in histone acetylation. Taken together, E2F4 plays a critical role as a transcriptional activator in the development of porcine embryos, an observation that contradicts its well-established role as a transcription repressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Jiang
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming-Hong Sun
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao-Han Li
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Heo
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjie Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Sun M, Jiang W, Li X, Lee S, Heo G, Zhou D, Choi J, Kim K, Lv W, Cui X. ATF7-dependent epigenetic changes induced by high temperature during early porcine embryonic development. Cell Prolif 2022; 56:e13352. [PMID: 36254813 PMCID: PMC9890523 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating transcription factor 7 (ATF7) is a member of the ATF/cAMP response element (CRE) B superfamily. ATF2, ATF7, and CRE-BPa are present in vertebrates. Drosophila and fission yeast have only one homologue: dATF2 and Atf1, respectively. Under normal conditions, ATF7 promotes heterochromatin formation by recruiting histone H3K9 di- and tri-methyltransferases. Once the situation changes, all members are phosphorylated by the stress-activated kinase P38 in response to various stressors. However, the role of ATF7 in early porcine embryonic development remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, we found that ATF7 gradually accumulated in the nucleus and then localized on the pericentric heterochromatin after the late 4-cell stage, while being co-localized with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1). Knockdown of ATF7 resulted in decreases in the blastocyst rate and blastocyst cell number. ATF7 depletion resulted in downregulation of HP1 and histone 3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) expression. These effects were alleviated when P38 activity was inhibited. High temperatures increased the expression level of pP38, while reducing the quality of porcine embryos, and led to ATF7 phosphorylation. The expression level of H3K9me2 and HP1 was decreased and regulated by P38 activity. CONCLUSION Stress-induced ATF7-dependent epigenetic changes play important roles in early porcine embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Hong Sun
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Wen‐Jie Jiang
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Xiao‐Han Li
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Song‐Hee Lee
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Geun Heo
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Dongjie Zhou
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Jung‐Seok Choi
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Kwan‐Suk Kim
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
| | - Wenfa Lv
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiang‐Shun Cui
- Department of Animal ScienceChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea
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