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Marwaa MN, Guidetti S, Ytterberg C, Kristensen HK. Acceptability of two mobile applications to support cross-sectoral, person-centred and empowering stroke rehabilitation - a process evaluation. Ann Med 2024; 56:2302979. [PMID: 38466794 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2302979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the acceptability of two co-designed mobile applications Mit Sygehus [a knowledge-based solution] and Genoptræn.dk [a self-training solution] to support a cross-sectoral, person-centred and empowering stroke rehabilitation. SETTING The applications were implemented and tested throughout two stroke rehabilitation trajectories in Southern Denmark, comprising two acute, two sub-acute and two municipal stroke rehabilitation settings. METHODS, PARTICIPANTS AND ANALYSIS A process evaluation focusing on acceptability was conducted. Individual and dyadic interviews were performed with ten stroke survivors (three women and seven men, aged 50-84) with moderate stroke and seven significant others (five women and two men, aged 50-78) post-rehabilitation. A constructivist Grounded Theory analysis was used to explore what, why, when, and how the apps worked or did not work throughout the stroke rehabilitation trajectory and if adaptions were needed. RESULTS Participants found that Mit Sygehus provided adequate and sufficient knowledge and was easy to use, however, acceptability of Mit Sygehus declined throughout the rehabilitation process. Also, knowledge on 'return-to-work' and 're-gaining driver's license/permission to drive' needed to be developed. The content in Genoptræn.dk was perceived as acceptable, through content being person-centred, motivating and meaningful. Genoptræn.dk furthermore, supported the transfer between rehabilitation settings, provided a sense of progress throughout the rehabilitation process, facilitated positive habits regarding self-training, and relieved the burden on significant others. Genoptræn.dk was perceived most acceptable in the sub-acute rehabilitation setting and declined when rehabilitation continued in the municipal setting. CONCLUSION Stroke survivors and their significant others found Mit Sygehus and Genoptræn.dk acceptable to support cross-sectoral, person-centred and empowering stroke rehabilitation, however acceptability declined throughout the rehabilitation process. Further investigations are required to determine how cognitive rehabilitation can play a greater role in app-supported stroke rehabilitation and how the need for more long-term follow-up can be supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mille Nabsen Marwaa
- Department of Physiotherapy Education, University College Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Center for Innovative Medical Technologies, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susanne Guidetti
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ytterberg
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Odense, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hanne Kaae Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Research, Center for Innovative Medical Technologies, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Milkman KL, Gromet D, Ho H, Kay JS, Lee TW, Pandiloski P, Park Y, Rai A, Bazerman M, Beshears J, Bonacorsi L, Camerer C, Chang E, Chapman G, Cialdini R, Dai H, Eskreis-Winkler L, Fishbach A, Gross JJ, Horn S, Hubbard A, Jones SJ, Karlan D, Kautz T, Kirgios E, Klusowski J, Kristal A, Ladhania R, Loewenstein G, Ludwig J, Mellers B, Mullainathan S, Saccardo S, Spiess J, Suri G, Talloen JH, Taxer J, Trope Y, Ungar L, Volpp KG, Whillans A, Zinman J, Duckworth AL. Megastudies improve the impact of applied behavioural science. Nature 2021; 600:478-483. [PMID: 34880497 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Policy-makers are increasingly turning to behavioural science for insights about how to improve citizens' decisions and outcomes1. Typically, different scientists test different intervention ideas in different samples using different outcomes over different time intervals2. The lack of comparability of such individual investigations limits their potential to inform policy. Here, to address this limitation and accelerate the pace of discovery, we introduce the megastudy-a massive field experiment in which the effects of many different interventions are compared in the same population on the same objectively measured outcome for the same duration. In a megastudy targeting physical exercise among 61,293 members of an American fitness chain, 30 scientists from 15 different US universities worked in small independent teams to design a total of 54 different four-week digital programmes (or interventions) encouraging exercise. We show that 45% of these interventions significantly increased weekly gym visits by 9% to 27%; the top-performing intervention offered microrewards for returning to the gym after a missed workout. Only 8% of interventions induced behaviour change that was significant and measurable after the four-week intervention. Conditioning on the 45% of interventions that increased exercise during the intervention, we detected carry-over effects that were proportionally similar to those measured in previous research3-6. Forecasts by impartial judges failed to predict which interventions would be most effective, underscoring the value of testing many ideas at once and, therefore, the potential for megastudies to improve the evidentiary value of behavioural science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Milkman
- Department of Operations, Information and Decisions, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Dena Gromet
- Behavior Change for Good Initiative, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hung Ho
- Department of Operations, Information and Decisions, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Marketing, Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph S Kay
- Behavior Change for Good Initiative, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy W Lee
- Behavior Change for Good Initiative, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Pepi Pandiloski
- Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yeji Park
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Aneesh Rai
- Department of Operations, Information and Decisions, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Max Bazerman
- Department of Negotiation, Organizations & Markets, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Beshears
- Department of Negotiation, Organizations & Markets, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauri Bonacorsi
- Pritzker School of Law, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Colin Camerer
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Edward Chang
- Department of Negotiation, Organizations & Markets, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gretchen Chapman
- Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert Cialdini
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Hengchen Dai
- Department of Management and Organizations, Anderson School of Management, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Eskreis-Winkler
- Department of Behavioral Science, Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ayelet Fishbach
- Department of Behavioral Science, Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Horn
- Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexa Hubbard
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven J Jones
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Dean Karlan
- Department of Finance, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Erika Kirgios
- Department of Operations, Information and Decisions, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joowon Klusowski
- Department of Marketing, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariella Kristal
- Department of Organizational Behavior, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rahul Ladhania
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - George Loewenstein
- Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jens Ludwig
- Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Barbara Mellers
- Department of Marketing, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sendhil Mullainathan
- Department of Behavioral Science, Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Silvia Saccardo
- Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jann Spiess
- Department of Operations, Information & Technology, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gaurav Suri
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joachim H Talloen
- Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jamie Taxer
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yaacov Trope
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lyle Ungar
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin G Volpp
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashley Whillans
- Department of Negotiation, Organizations & Markets, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Zinman
- Department of Economics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Angela L Duckworth
- Department of Operations, Information and Decisions, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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