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Indigo N, Smith J, Webb JK, Phillips BL. Bangers and cash: Baiting efficiency in a heterogeneous population. WILDLIFE SOC B 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Indigo
- School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney P.O. Box 123 Broadway NSW 2007 Australia
| | - James Smith
- Australian Wildlife Conservancy Mornington Wildlife Sanctuary PMB 925 Derby WA 6728 Australia
| | - Jonathan K. Webb
- School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney P.O. Box 123 Broadway NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Ben L. Phillips
- School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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Arakawa H. Ethological approach to social isolation effects in behavioral studies of laboratory rodents. Behav Brain Res 2018; 341:98-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Indigo N, Smith J, Webb JK, Phillips B. Not such silly sausages: Evidence suggests northern quolls exhibit aversion to toads after training with toad sausages. AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Indigo
- School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney PO Box 123 Broadway Sydney New South Wales 2007 Australia
- Australian Wildlife Conservancy Mornington Wildlife Sanctuary Derby Western Australia Australia
| | - James Smith
- Australian Wildlife Conservancy Mornington Wildlife Sanctuary Derby Western Australia Australia
| | - Jonathan K. Webb
- School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney PO Box 123 Broadway Sydney New South Wales 2007 Australia
| | - Ben Phillips
- School of Biosciences University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
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Yu S, Weir SM, Cobb GP, Maul JD. The effects of pesticide exposure on ultraviolet-B radiation avoidance behavior in tadpoles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 481:75-80. [PMID: 24589757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Effects of contaminants on behavior may have important consequences on wildlife populations because behaviors such as predation, predator avoidance, reproduction, and social interaction can affect population dynamics. As a common environmental stressor, ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation causes various deleterious effects and some aquatic organisms actively avoid UVB radiation in water. However, the extent to which environmental contaminants can impair UVB avoidance has not been evaluated, which may cause greater UVB exposure and toxicity. In the present study, we used Xenopus laevis tadpoles to determine if acute exposure to sublethal concentrations of agricultural chemicals can alter tadpole response to UVB radiation. We exposed tadpoles to four pesticides (malathion, endosulfan, α-cypermethrin, and chlorothalonil) for 96 h. At the end of the exposure, tadpoles were transferred to tanks divided into UVB and no-UVB areas. We observed tadpoles for 30 min and recorded time spent in the UVB area. We compared the proportion of time tadpoles spent in the UVB area among different concentrations for each pesticide. There was no significant difference between FETAX control and solvent control tadpoles. When combined, control tadpoles spent less than half of the time in the UVB area indicating that X. laevis tadpoles exhibit UVB avoidance behavior. Tadpoles exposed to 5 μg/L endosulfan spent significantly more time under UVB than control tadpoles. Other pesticides had no effect on tadpole UVB avoidance behavior. Our results suggest that some neurotoxic pesticides can affect UVB avoidance in larval amphibians, which may increase their exposure and subsequently the risk of UVB-induced damage. The present study highlights the importance of examining the interaction between two stressors that co-occur across broad spatial scales and to consider behavioral alteration when evaluating the risk of pesticides to amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangying Yu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79416, USA
| | - Scott M Weir
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79416, USA
| | - George P Cobb
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Jonathan D Maul
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79416, USA.
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Sokolowski MBC, Abramson CI, Craig DPA. Ethanol self-administration in free-flying honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in an operant conditioning protocol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 36:1568-77. [PMID: 22471300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the effect of ethanol (EtOH) on continuous reinforcement schedules in the free-flying honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). As fermented nectars may be encountered naturally in the environment, we designed an experiment combining the tools of laboratory research with minimal disturbance to the natural life of honeybees. METHODS Twenty-five honeybees were trained to fly from their colonies to a fully automated operant chamber with head poking as the operant response. Load size, intervisit interval, and interresponse times (IRTs) served as the dependent variables and were monitored over the course of a daily training session consisting of many visits. Experimental bees were tested using an ABA design in which sucrose only was administered during condition A and a 5% EtOH sucrose solution was administered during condition B. Control bees received sucrose solution only. RESULTS Most bees continued to forage after EtOH introduction. EtOH significantly reduced the load size and the intervisit interval with no significant effect on IRTs. However, a look on individual data shows large individual differences suggesting the existence of different kinds of behavioral phenotypes linked to EtOH consumption and effects. CONCLUSIONS Our results contribute to the study of EtOH consumption as a normal phenomenon in an ecological context and open the door to schedule-controlled drug self-administration studies in honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel B C Sokolowski
- Jules Verne, INSERM, Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances, Université de Picardie, Amiens, France.
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Pillemer K, Wells NM, Wagenet LP, Meador RH, Parise JT. Environmental Sustainability in an Aging Society: A Research Agenda. J Aging Health 2010; 23:433-53. [DOI: 10.1177/0898264310381278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. This article presents the results of a multidisciplinary consensus conference held to recommend a research agenda on the relationship between aging and environmental sustainability and conservation. The intersection of these two topics has important implications for the health and well-being of older persons but it has thus far received little scientific attention. Methods. The consensus conference was conducted with gerontological experts from various disciplines and environmental scientists. Using a structured methodology, participants achieved consensus on recommendations for a research agenda on aging and environmental sustainability. Results. Eight major recommendations for research are detailed in this article as well as cross-cutting research themes affecting all areas, including racial and economic diversity, geographical region, cohort, and intergenerational linkages. Discussion. Given the vulnerability of older persons to environmental threats detailed by the consensus conference, conferees recommended that research on these topics be urgently promoted, both by researchers and by funding agencies.
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Jolous-Jamshidi B, Cromwell HC, McFarland AM, Meserve LA. Perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls alters social behaviors in rats. Toxicol Lett 2010; 199:136-43. [PMID: 20813172 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) leads to significant alterations of neural and hormonal systems. These alterations have been shown to impair motor and sensory development. Less is known about the influence of PCB exposure on developing emotional and motivational systems involved in social interactions and social learning. The present study examined the impact of perinatal PCB exposure (mixture of congeners 47 and 77) on social recognition in juvenile animals, conspecific-directed investigation in adults and on neural and hormonal systems involved in social functions. We used a standard habituation-dishabituation paradigm to evaluate juvenile recognition and a social port paradigm to monitor adult social investigation. Areal measures of the periventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus were obtained to provide correlations with related hormone and brain systems. PCB exposed rats were significantly impaired in social recognition as indicated by persistent conspecific-directed exploration by juvenile animals regardless of social experience. As adults, PCB exposure led to a dampening of the isolation-induced enhancement of social investigation. There was not a concomitant alteration of social investigation in pair-housed PCB exposed animals at this stage of development. Interestingly, PVN area was significantly decreased in juvenile animals exposed to PCB during the perinatal period. Shifts in hypothalamic regulation of hormones involved in social behavior and stress could be involved in the behavioral changes observed. Overall, the results suggest that PCB exposure impairs context or experience-dependent modulation of social approach and investigation. These types of social-context deficits are similar to behavioral deficits observed in social disorders such as autism and other pervasive developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Jolous-Jamshidi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403-0208, USA
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Jakka NM, Gnaneshwar Rao T, Venkateswara Rao J. Locomotor Behavioral Response of Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) to Subacute Mercury Stress Monitored by Video Tracking System. Drug Chem Toxicol 2008; 30:383-97. [DOI: 10.1080/01480540701522551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Venkateswara Rao J, Begum G, Jakka NM, Srikanth K, Nageswara Rao R. Sublethal Effects of Profenofos on Locomotor Behavior and Gill Architecture of the Mosquito Fish,Gambusia affinis. Drug Chem Toxicol 2008; 29:255-67. [PMID: 16777704 DOI: 10.1080/01480540600651543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Subacute studies of profenofos on mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis, were carried out for 20 days to assess the locomotor behavior and structural integrity of gill in relation to bioaccumulation and targeted enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7). The sublethal concentration of 0.13 mg/L (1/5 of LC50) altered locomotor behavior such as distance traveled and swimming speed in exposed fish. This could be due to inhibition in the activity of acetylcholinesterase and deformities in the primary and secondary lamella of gill. The bioaccumulation values indicated that the accumulation of profenofos was highest in viscera followed by head and body. The average bioconcentration factor values are 254.83, 6.18, and 2.52 microg/g for viscera, head, and body. The findings revealed that profenofos is highly toxic even at sublethal concentrations to the mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Venkateswara Rao
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.
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Kavitha P, Rao JV. Toxic effects of chlorpyrifos on antioxidant enzymes and target enzyme acetylcholinesterase interaction in mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 26:192-8. [PMID: 21783910 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The recovery effect of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on antioxidant enzymes, locomotor behaviour and the target enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) interaction were studied after exposure to 297μgL(-1) (LC(50) for 96h) in mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase in viscera, and AChE in brain were inhibited at 96h of exposure. However, induction in lipid peroxidation was observed. The antioxidant levels were restored to near control by 16-18 days. Similarly, swimming speed and AChE were also recovered but comparatively needs longer period. In vitro AChE study indicated that CPF alters the apparent K(m) values, resulting in a competitive type of inhibition and the inhibitory constant K(i) was found to be 4.57×10(-4)M. The results showed that the organophosphate CPF besides its inhibitory effect on target enzyme AChE also inhibits antioxidant enzymes, which can be used as biomarkers in the pesticide-contaminated aquatic streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kavitha
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
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Beernaert J, Scheirs J, Van Den Brande G, Leirs H, Blust R, De Meulenaer B, Van Camp J, Verhagen R. Do wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus L.) use food selection as a means to reduce heavy metal intake? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 151:599-607. [PMID: 17555856 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Food preference of wood mice from two with heavy metals polluted sites and two unpolluted sites was tested under laboratory and field conditions with two-way choice experiments. In the laboratory, wood mice preferred to eat acorns from unpolluted sites over acorns from polluted sites. Previous experience with polluted food had no influence on food choice. Preference was negatively related to acorn metal content. Furthermore, the nutrient content of the acorn endosperm was consistently lower in polluted sites. We therefore conclude that wood mice used absolute metal concentration in the acorn, nutrient content, or both as a food selection cue. The results of the laboratory experiment could not be confirmed under field conditions. We hypothesized that search time constraints due to the presence of predators, competitors and/or other stress factors in the field have prevented the mice to forage selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke Beernaert
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Rao JV, Begum G, Pallela R, Usman PK, Rao RN. Changes in Behavior and Brain Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Mosquito Fish, Gambusia affinis in Response to the Sub-Lethal Exposure to Chlorpyrifos. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2005; 2:478-83. [PMID: 16819104 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph2005030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sub-lethal studies of chlorpyrifos, O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate on mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis were carried out in vivo, for 20 days to assess the locomotor behavior in relation to bioaccumulation and interaction with a targeted enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC: 3.1.1.7). Fish exposed to sub-lethal concentration of 60 microg/L (1/5 of LC 50) were under stress, and reduced their locomotor behavior like distance travelled per unit time (m/min) and swimming speed (cm/sec) with respect to the length of exposure. The alteration in locomotor behavior of fish may be due to an accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter at synaptic junctions, due to the inhibition of AChE enzyme activity (40 to 55%) in brain and also bioaccumulation of the toxicant in different parts of fish. The bioaccumulation values indicated that the accumulation of chlorpyrifos was maximum in viscera followed by head and body. The average bio-concentration values are 0.109, 0.009 and 0.004 microg/g for viscera, head and body with depuration rates of 2.24, 1.69 and 0.39 ng/h respectively. It is evident from the results that the sub-lethal concentration [1/5 of LC 50; equivalent to Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC)] of chlorpyrifos can able to alter the locomotor behavior of G. affinis in relation to the length of exposure. The findings revealed that the locomotor activity of test organism could be considered as a suitable marker to evaluate the affect of toxicant even at LOEC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Venkateswara Rao
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India. ,
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Rao JV, Begum G, Sridhar V, Reddy NC. Sublethal effects of monocrotophos on locomotor behavior and gill architecture of the mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2005; 40:813-25. [PMID: 16194919 DOI: 10.1080/03601230500227509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Subacute studies of monocrotophos [Dimethyl (E)-1-methyl-2-(methyl-carbamoyl) vinyl phosphate] on mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis, were carried out in vivo for 24 days to assess the locomotor behavior, structural integrity of gill, and targeted enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC: 3.1.1.7) interactions. Monocrotophos (MCP) can be rated as moderately toxic to G. affinis, with a median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of 20.49 +/- 2.45 mgL(-1). The fish exposed to sublethal concentration of LC(10) (7.74 mgL(-1)) were under stress and altered their locomotor behavior, such as distance traveled per unit time (m min(-1)) and swimming speed (cm sec(-1)) with respect to the length of exposure. Inhibition in the activity of brain AChE and deformities in the primary and secondary lamellae of gill may have resulted in failure of exchange of gases. The maximum inhibition of 95% of AChE activity was observed on days 20 and 24. Morphological aberrations in the gills were also studied during exposure to the sublethal concentration of monocrotophos for a period ranging from 8 to 24 days. The extent of damage in gill was dependent on the duration of exposure. The findings revealed that inhibition in brain AChE activity and structural alteration in gill were responsible for altering the locomotor behavior of exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Venkateswara Rao
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.
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Clotfelter ED, Bell AM, Levering KR. The role of animal behaviour in the study of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Anim Behav 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cory-Slechta DA, Crofton KM, Foran JA, Ross JF, Sheets LP, Weiss B, Mileson B. Methods to identify and characterize developmental neurotoxicity for human health risk assessment. I: behavioral effects. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2001; 109 Suppl 1:79-91. [PMID: 11250808 PMCID: PMC1240545 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.01109s179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in nervous system function after exposure to a developmental neurotoxicant may be identified and characterized using neurobehavioral methods. A number of methods can evaluate alterations in sensory, motor, and cognitive functions in laboratory animals exposed to toxicants during nervous system development. Fundamental issues underlying proper use and interpretation of these methods include a) consideration of the scientific goal in experimental design, b) selection of an appropriate animal model, c) expertise of the investigator, d) adequate statistical analysis, and e) proper data interpretation. Strengths and weaknesses of the assessment methods include sensitivity, selectivity, practicality, and variability. Research could improve current behavioral methods by providing a better understanding of the relationship between alterations in motor function and changes in the underlying structure of these systems. Research is also needed to develop simple and sensitive assays for use in screening assessments of sensory and cognitive function. Assessment methods are being developed to examine other nervous system functions, including social behavior, autonomic processes, and biologic rhythms. Social behaviors are modified by many classes of developmental neurotoxicants and hormonally active compounds that may act either through neuroendocrine mechanisms or by directly influencing brain morphology or neurochemistry. Autonomic and thermoregulatory functions have been the province of physiologists and neurobiologists rather than toxicologists, but this may change as developmental neurotoxicology progresses and toxicologists apply techniques developed by other disciplines to examine changes in function after toxicant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Cory-Slechta
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, New York, USA
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Peakall DB. Disrupted patterns of behavior in natural populations as an index of ecotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 1996; 104 Suppl 2:331-5. [PMID: 9182040 PMCID: PMC1469582 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.96104s2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines behavioral changes in natural populations of wildlife associated with pollution. Although some changes such as lack of nest attentiveness and decreased nest defense have been noted, the results have not been consistent and have been difficult to relate to specific pollutants. Experimental studies involving lead, mercury, and organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides are described. Although changes in behavior have been observed, they are generally more difficult to quantify and are less reproducible than biochemical changes. To date, there is no clear evidence in wildlife that behavioral changes caused by pollutants are a serious threat to populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Peakall
- Monitoring and Assessment Research Centre, King's College London, UK.
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Kulig B, Alleva E, Bignami G, Cohn J, Cory-Slechta D, Landa V, O'Donoghue J, Peakall D. Animal behavioral methods in neurotoxicity assessment: SGOMSEC joint report. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 1996; 104 Suppl 2:193-204. [PMID: 8860322 PMCID: PMC1469585 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.96104s2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Kulig
- TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Utrechtsweg, The Netherlands
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