1
|
Li S, Zhang Y, Yang K, Zhou W. Exploring potential causal links between air pollutants and congenital malformations: A two-sample Mendelian Randomization study. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 128:108655. [PMID: 38972362 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Observational studies have suggested an association between air pollutants and congenital malformations; however, conclusions are inconsistent and the causal associations have not been elucidated. In this study, based on publicly available genetic data, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was applied to explore the associations between particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), NOX, NO2 levels and 11 congenital malformations. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger and weighted median were used as analytical methods, with IVW being the main method. A series of sensitivity analyses were used to verify the robustness of the results. For significant associations, multivariable MR (MVMR) was utilized to explore possible mediating effects. The IVW results showed that PM2.5 was associated with congenital malformations of digestive system (OR = 7.72, 95 %CI = 2.33-25.54, P = 8.11E-4) and multiple systems (OR = 8.63, 95 %CI = 1.02-73.43, P = 0.048) risks; NOX was associated with circulatory system (OR = 4.65, 95 %CI = 1.15-18.86, P = 0.031) and cardiac septal defects (OR = 14.09, 95 %CI = 1.62-122.59, P = 0.017) risks; NO2 was correlated with digestive system (OR = 27.12, 95 %CI = 1.81-407.07, P = 0.017) and cardiac septal defects (OR = 22.57, 95 %CI = 2.50-203.45, P = 0.005) risks. Further MVMR analyses suggest that there may be interactions in the effects of these air pollutants on congenital malformations. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a causal association between air pollution and congenital malformations from a genetic perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Li
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Kaiyan Yang
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Wenbo Zhou
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China; International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang H, Ruan YP, Ma S, Wang YQ, Wan XY, He YH, Li J, Zou ZY. Interaction between ozone and paternal smoking on fetal congenital heart defects among pregnant women at high risk: a multicenter maternal-fetal medicine study. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:621-632. [PMID: 37665504 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence remains limited on the association between maternal ozone (O3) exposure and congenital heart defects (CHDs) in offspring, and few studies have investigated the interaction and modification of paternal smoking on this association. METHODS Using a sample including pregnant women at high risk of fetal CHD (with metabolic disease, first-trimester viral infection, family history of CHD, etc.) from a maternal-fetal medicine study covering 1313 referral hospitals in China during 2013-2021, we examined the associations between maternal O3 exposure during 3-8 weeks of gestational age and fetal CHD in offspring and investigated the interaction and modification of paternal smoking on this association. CHD was diagnosed by fetal echocardiograms, maximum daily 8-hour average O3 exposure data at a 10 km × 10 km spatial resolution came from the Tracking Air Pollution in China dataset, and paternal smoking was collected using questionnaires. Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Among 27,834 pregnant women at high risk of fetal CHD, 17.4% of fetuses were diagnosed with CHD. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in maternal O3 exposure was associated with a 17% increased risk of CHD in offspring (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.14-1.20). Compared with paternal nonsmoking and maternal low O3 exposure, the ORs (95% CI) of CHD for smoking and low O3 exposure, nonsmoking and high O3 exposure, and smoking and high O3 exposure were 1.25 (1.08-1.45), 1.81 (1.56-2.08), and 2.23 (1.84-2.71), respectively. Paternal smoking cessation seemingly mitigated the increased risk of CHD. CONCLUSIONS Maternal O3 exposure and paternal smoking were interactively associated with an increased risk of fetal CHD in offspring, which calls for effective measures to decrease maternal exposure to O3 pollution and secondhand smoke for CHD prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan-Ping Ruan
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Maternal-Fetal Medicine center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, No. 2 Anzhen Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Sheng Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ya-Qi Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wan
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yi-Hua He
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Maternal-Fetal Medicine center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, No. 2 Anzhen Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang Y, Zhang M, Li J, Hu K, Chen T. AHR/cyp1b1 signaling-mediated extrinsic apoptosis contributes to 6PPDQ-induced cardiac dysfunction in zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123467. [PMID: 38311157 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPDQ) has raised significant concerns due to its widespread distribution and high toxicity to aquatic organisms. However, the cardiac developmental toxicity of 6PPDQ and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we observed no notable alterations in heart morphology or embryo survival in zebrafish embryos exposed to 6PPDQ (0.2-2000 μg/L) up to 3 days post-fertilization (dpf). However, concentrations at 2 μg/L or higher induced cardiac dysfunctions, leading to lethal effects at later stages (6-8 dpf). We further found that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) inhibitor CH22351 attenuated 6PPDQ-induced cardiac dysfunctions, implicating the involvement of AHR signal pathway. Moreover, 6PPDQ exposure led to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an upregulation of genes associated with oxidative stress (sod1, sod2, and nrf2a). This was accompanied by an increase in oxidative DNA damage and the induction of p53-dependent extrinsic apoptosis. Co-exposure to the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine effectively counteracted the DNA damage and apoptosis induced by 6PPDQ. Importantly, inhibition of AHR or its downstream target cyp1b1 attenuated 6PPDQ-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that 6PPDQ induces oxidative stress through the AHR/cyp1b1 signaling pathway, leading to DNA damage and extrinsic apoptosis, ultimately resulting in cardiac dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; MOE Education Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingxuan Zhang
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; MOE Education Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinhao Li
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Keqi Hu
- Department of Science and Education, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; MOE Education Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Agay-Shay K. Invited Perspective: Air Pollution and Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs)-a Summary of Two Decades and Future Direction in Research. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:61305. [PMID: 37339065 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keren Agay-Shay
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| |
Collapse
|