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Planz V, Lehr CM, Windbergs M. In vitro models for evaluating safety and efficacy of novel technologies for skin drug delivery. J Control Release 2016; 242:89-104. [PMID: 27612408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For preclinical testing of novel therapeutics, predictive in vitro models of the human skin are required to assess efficacy, absorption and safety. Simple as well as more sophisticated three-dimensional organotypic models of the human skin emerged as versatile and powerful tools simulating healthy as well as diseased skin states. Besides addressing the demands of research and industry, such models serve as valid alternative to animal testing. Recently, the acceptance of several models by regulatory authorities corroborates their role as important building block for preclinical development. However, valid assessment of readout parameters derived from these models requires suitable analytical techniques. Standard analytical methods are mostly destructive and limited regarding in-depth investigation on molecular level. The combination of adequate in vitro models with modern non-invasive analytical modalities bears a great potential to address important skin drug delivery related questions. Topics of interest are for instance the assessment of repeated dosing effects and xenobiotic biotransformation, which cannot be analyzed by destructive techniques. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current in vitro skin models differing in functional complexity and mimicking healthy as well as diseased skin states. Further, benefits and limitations regarding analytical evaluation of efficacy, absorption and safety of novel drug carrier systems applied to such models are discussed along with a prospective view of anticipated future directions. In addition, emerging non-invasive imaging modalities are introduced and their significance and potential to advance current knowledge in the field of skin drug delivery is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Planz
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; PharmBioTec GmbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; PharmBioTec GmbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Maike Windbergs
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; PharmBioTec GmbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Eroğlu İ, Gökçe EH, Tsapis N, Tanrıverdi ST, Gökçe G, Fattal E, Özer Ö. Evaluation of characteristics and in vitro antioxidant properties of RSV loaded hyaluronic acid-DPPC microparticles as a wound healing system. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 126:50-7. [PMID: 25543983 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) was incorporated into microparticles by spray drying to treat chronic wounds such as diabetic ulcers. RSV was chosen due to its defense mechanisms as the formation of free radicals delays the healing process. RSV was loaded into microparticles consisting of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and hyaluronic acid (HA), a polysaccharide naturally present within the skin, known to contribute to the healing process. Microparticles were evaluated in terms of production yield, size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, specific surface area, thermal properties and water content. Spherical and homogenous microparticles (span ≤ 2) in a size range between 20 and 30 μm were obtained with high encapsulation efficiency (≥ 97%). The effect of enzymes (hyaluronidase, phospholipase and lipase) on RSV release showed a dose-dependent pattern followed by a slow release stage. Cytotoxicity/proliferation and oxidative stress parameters (glutathione, oxidized glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase) obtained from human dermal fibroblast cell cultures revealed that formulations increased cell proliferation and the presence of RSV decreased oxidation in cells. RSV-loaded HA-DPPC microparticles appear as a promising formulation for wound healing due to synergistic effect of the ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- İpek Eroğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ege, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Evren H Gökçe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ege, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Rue JB Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sakine Tuncay Tanrıverdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ege, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Göksel Gökçe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ege, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Elias Fattal
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Rue JB Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Özgen Özer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ege, Izmir, 35100, Turkey.
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Mechanical boundary conditions bias fibroblast invasion in a collagen-fibrin wound model. Biophys J 2014; 106:932-43. [PMID: 24559996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Because fibroblasts deposit the collagen matrix that determines the mechanical integrity of scar tissue, altering fibroblast invasion could alter wound healing outcomes. Anisotropic mechanical boundary conditions (restraint, stretch, or tension) could affect the rate of fibroblast invasion, but their importance relative to the prototypical drivers of fibroblast infiltration during wound healing--cell and chemokine concentration gradients--is unknown. We tested whether anisotropic mechanical boundary conditions affected the directionality and speed of fibroblasts migrating into a three-dimensional model wound, which could simultaneously expose fibroblasts to mechanical, structural, steric, and chemical guidance cues. We created fibrin-filled slits in fibroblast-populated collagen gels and applied uniaxial mechanical restraint along the short or long axis of the fibrin wounds. Anisotropic mechanical conditions increased the efficiency of fibroblast invasion by guiding fibroblasts without increasing their migration speed. The migration behavior could be modeled as a biased random walk, where the bias due to multiple guidance cues was accounted for in the shape of a displacement orientation probability distribution. Taken together, modeling and experiments suggested an effect of strain anisotropy, rather than strain-induced fiber alignment, on fibroblast invasion.
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Viennet C, Laurensou C, Goydadin AC, Faivre B, Muret P, Humbert P. Development of an in vitro fibrin clot model to evaluate fibrinolytic agents for wound care application. J Wound Care 2014; 23:66-7, 70, 72. [PMID: 24526082 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2014.23.2.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe an in vitro fibrin clot model that could reliably assess the fibrinolytic activity of enzymatic debriding agents for wound care application. METHOD A model of a fibrin clot was reconstructed in vitro by mixture of human fibrinogen and (alpha)-thrombin supplemented with factor XIII. These clots were then treated with enzymatic ointments. Fibrinolytic activity was investigated by measuring D-dimer levels, using an automated immunoturbidimetric Liatest D-dimer assay. RESULTS Collagenase and papain-urea ointments demonstrated fibrinolytic activity which was macroscopically visible. Their effect was identical on the in vitro reconstructed fibrin clot and ex vivo collected wound fibrin clot; collagenase and papain-urea both induced a complete degradation and dissolution of both fibrin clots after 24 hours of treatment. This was associated with an increase in D-dimer concentration. CONCLUSION This reconstructed fibrin clot in vitro model has the potential to predict the efficacy of fibrinolytic agents and therefore appears to be a suitable model for in vitro assays. DECLARATION OF INTEREST This study was supported by a grant from URGO Laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Viennet
- PhD, Research Engineer, Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, UMR 1098, University of Franche-Comte, France
| | - C Laurensou
- Industrial Pharmacist, URGO Laboratory, France
| | - A C Goydadin
- Research Technician, Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, UMR 1098, University of Franche-Comte, France
| | - B Faivre
- MD, Dermatologist, Department of Dermatology, Besançon University Hospital, France
| | - P Muret
- MD, PhD, Hospital Practitioner, Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, UMR 1098, University of Franche-Comte, France, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Besançon University Hospital, France
| | - P Humbert
- MD, PhD, Professor of Dermatology, Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, UMR 1098, University of Franche-Comte, France, Department of Dermatology, Besançon University Hospital, France
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Khovidhunkit SOP, Yingsaman N, Chairachvit K, Surarit R, Fuangtharnthip P, Petsom A. In vitro study of the effects of plaunotol on oral cell proliferation and wound healing. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2011; 13:149-159. [PMID: 21279879 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2010.546790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plaunotol is an acyclic diterpene alcohol extracted from a medicinal plant called plau-noi, Croton stellatopilosus Ohba, and has been widely used for the treatment of gastric ulcers in Japan. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of plaunotol on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and human oral keratinocytes (HOKs). To assess the cytotoxic effect, HGFs and HOKs were treated with plaunotol. Subsequently, the morphology of cells was recorded and cells were subjected to MTT assay. To investigate cell proliferation effect, cells were treated with plaunotol and counted with a haemocytometer. To determine wound healing effect, the number of cells repopulated into the wounded areas in monolayer culture and in fibroblast-populated collagen lattice (FPCL) was measured. The results showed that 10 and 1 μg/ml (33 and 3.3 μmol/l) plaunotol induced toxicity in HGFs and HOKs, respectively. However, 0.1 μg/ml (0.33 μmol/l) plaunotol promoted HGF proliferation and wound healing in monolayer and FPCL models. In contrast, 0.1 μg/ml plaunotol could not induce HOK proliferation nor in vitro wound healing using monolayer culture, but it induced wound healing in a modified FPCL model. Our data suggested that plaunotol could promote oral cell proliferation and wound healing in vitro and may have an implication on oral wound healing.
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Suphasiriroj W, Yotnuengnit P, Surarit R, Pichyangkura R. The fundamental parameters of chitosan in polymer scaffolds affecting osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1). JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20:309-320. [PMID: 18791666 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of deacetylation (DD) and molecular weight (MW) of chitosan within chitosan-collagen scaffolds on mouse osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1). The chitosan-collagen scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying technique. The studies on cell attachment and proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, cell morphology, and mineralized nodule formation by osteoblasts on scaffolds were investigated. No statistically significant difference was found on cell attachment, but the chitosan-collagen scaffolds with low-DD chitosan had a statistically significantly (P < 0.05) higher proliferative effect and ALP activity than those scaffolds with high-DD chitosan, regardless of molecular weight. Scanning electron images demonstrated that MC3T3-E1 cells grew well on all test scaffolds; on the contrary, mineralized nodule formation was not found. In conclusion, the DD of chitosan is a crucial factor for MC3T3-E1 cells and it should be considered in further applications for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiroj Suphasiriroj
- Department of Oral Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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