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Imafuku T, Tanaka M, Tokunaga K, Miyamura S, Kato H, Tanaka S, Nakano T, Hirata K, Kadowaki D, Maeda H, Matsushita K, Otagiri M, Komaba H, Fukagawa M, Watanabe H, Maruyama T. Effect of Cinacalcet on the Redox Status of Albumin in Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Patients Receiving Hemodialysis. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1583-1590. [PMID: 32999168 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cinacalcet is a calcimimetic that permits impaired endothelial functions to be recovered via inhibiting parathyroid hormone (PTH) production in SHPT patients. However, the underlying mechanism for its action remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cinacalcet on the redox state of human serum albumin (HSA), a reliable marker for assessing endothelial oxidative damage in SHPT patients who were receiving hemodialysis. Cinacalcet was administered to six SHPT patients for a period of 8 weeks. After 4 weeks of treatment, cinacalcet significantly decreased the oxidized albumin ratio which is a ratio of reduced and oxidized forms of HSA via increasing reduced form of HSA. Moreover, the radical scavenging abilities of HSA that was isolated from SHPT patients were increased by cinacalcet, suggesting the recovery of the impaired vascular anti-oxidant ability. Interestingly, the oxidized albumin ratio in SHPT patients was significantly higher than that in hemodialysis patients. In addition, the changes of intact PTH levels were significantly correlated with the oxidized albumin ratio. It therefore appears that PTH may induce oxidative stress in SHPT patients. In fact, an active analogue of PTH increased the production of reactive oxygen species in human endothelial cells. Thus, cinacalcet exhibits anti-oxidative activity through its pharmacological action. Additionally, cinacalcet itself showed radical scavenging activity. In conclusion, cinacalcet improves the redox status of HSA by inhibiting PTH production and partially by its radical scavenging action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Imafuku
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | - Koki Tokunaga
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | - Hiromasa Kato
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Shoma Tanaka
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Takehiro Nakano
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | | | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | | | - Hirotaka Komaba
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Masafumi Fukagawa
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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Anraku M, Tabuchi R, Goto M, Iohara D, Mizukai Y, Maezaki Y, Michihara A, Kadowaki D, Otagiri M, Hirayama F. Design and Evaluation of An Extended-Release Olmesartan Tablet Using Chitosan/Cyclodextrin Composites. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11020082. [PMID: 30781383 PMCID: PMC6409563 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained-release olmesartan tablets (OLM) were prepared by the simple, direct compression of composites of anionic sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) and cationic spray-dried chitosan (SD-CS), and were evaluated for use as a sustained release preparation for the treatment of hypertension. An investigation of the interaction between OLM and SBE-β-CD by the solubility method indicated that the phase diagram of the OLM/SBE-β-CD system was the AL type, indicating the formation of a 1:1 inclusion complex. The release of OLM from tablets composed of the SD-CS/SBE-β-CD composite was slow in media at both pH 1.2 and at 6.8. The in vitro slow release characteristics of the SD-CS/SBE-β-CD composite were reflected in the in vivo absorption of the drug after normal rats were given an oral administration of the preparation. Furthermore, the SD-CS/SBE-β-CD composite continuously increased the antihypertensive effect of OLM in hypertensive rats, compared with that of the drug itself. These results suggest that a simple mixing of SD-CS and SBE-β-CD can be potentially useful for the controlled release of a drug for the continuous treatments of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Ryo Tabuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Miwa Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Mizukai
- Nippon Kayaku Food Techno Co., Ltd., 219, Iwahanamachi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1208, Japan.
| | - Yuji Maezaki
- Nippon Kayaku Food Techno Co., Ltd., 219, Iwahanamachi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1208, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Michihara
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1 Sanzo, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Kadowaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Fumitoshi Hirayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
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Benzbromarone Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Angiotensin II- and Salt-Induced Hypertensive Model Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7635274. [PMID: 29967665 PMCID: PMC6008799 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7635274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by hyperuricemia is closely associated with the renin-angiotensin system, as well as the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is therefore important to reduce oxidative stress to treat hyperuricemia. We previously found that benzbromarone, a uricosuric agent, has a direct free radical scavenging effect in vitro. The antioxidant effects of benzbromarone were evaluated in vivo via oral administration of benzbromarone for 4 weeks to model rats with angiotensin II- and salt-induced hypertension. Benzbromarone did not alter plasma uric acid levels or blood pressure but significantly reduced the levels of advanced oxidation protein products, which are oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, dihydroethidium staining of the kidney revealed a reduction in oxidative stress after benzbromarone administration. These results suggest that benzbromarone has a direct antioxidant effect in vivo and great potential to prevent CVD and CKD.
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Watanabe H, Imafuku T, Otagiri M, Maruyama T. Clinical Implications Associated With the Posttranslational Modification-Induced Functional Impairment of Albumin in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2195-2203. [PMID: 28302542 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent research findings indicate that the posttranslational modification of human serum albumin (HSA) such as oxidation, glycation, truncation, dimerization, and carbamylation is related to certain types of diseases. We report herein on a simple and rapid analytical method, using an electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique, that allows posttranslational modifications of HSA to be quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated with a high degree of sensitivity. In patients with chronic liver disease, chronic renal disease, and diabetes mellitus, an increase in the level of oxidized cysteine-34 (Cys-34) of HSA accompanied by a decrease in the level of reduced Cys-34 was observed. The redox status of Cys-34 was correlated with ligand binding and the antioxidative functions of HSA. Available evidence indicates that monitoring the redox state of Cys-34 not only could be a useful marker for evaluating the progression of disease and its complications but also would permit therapeutic efficacy to be predicted. The redox state of Cys-34 was also used as an index of the quality of HSA preparations. These data suggest that monitoring the posttranslational modifications of HSA can be important, because the function of HSA is related not only to its serum concentration but also to the preservation of its structural integrity under disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tadashi Imafuku
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0822, Japan; DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0822, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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Anraku M, Tabuchi R, Ifuku S, Nagae T, Iohara D, Tomida H, Uekama K, Maruyama T, Miyamura S, Hirayama F, Otagiri M. An oral absorbent, surface-deacetylated chitin nano-fiber ameliorates renal injury and oxidative stress in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 161:21-25. [PMID: 28189231 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report that surface-deacetylated chitin nano-fibers (SDACNFs) are more effective in decreasing renal injury and oxidative stress than deacetylated chitin powder (DAC) in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. An oral administration of low doses of SDACNFs (40mg/kg/day) over a 4 week period resulted in a significant decrease in serum indoxyl sulfate, creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, compared with a similar treatment with DAC or AST-120. The SDACNFs treatment also resulted in an increase in antioxidant potential, compared with that for DAC or AST-120. Immunohistochemical analyses also demonstrated that SDACNFs treated CRF rats showed a decrease in the amount of accumulated 8-OHdG compared with the CRF group. These results suggest that the ingestion of SDCH-NF results in a significant reduction in the levels of pro-oxidants, such as uremic toxins, in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby inhibiting the subsequent development of oxidative stress in the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Ryo Tabuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ifuku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Tomone Nagae
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Hisao Tomida
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Sanzo 1, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan
| | - Kaneto Uekama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Miyamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Hirayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
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6
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Shibata A, Ishima Y, Ikeda M, Sato H, Imafuku T, Chuang V, Ouchi Y, Abe T, Watanabe H, Ishida T, Otagiri M, Maruyama T. Human serum albumin hydropersulfide is a potent reactive oxygen species scavenger in oxidative stress conditions such as chronic kidney disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:578-583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Clària J, Stauber RE, Coenraad MJ, Moreau R, Jalan R, Pavesi M, Amorós À, Titos E, Alcaraz-Quiles J, Oettl K, Morales-Ruiz M, Angeli P, Domenicali M, Alessandria C, Gerbes A, Wendon J, Nevens F, Trebicka J, Laleman W, Saliba F, Welzel TM, Albillos A, Gustot T, Benten D, Durand F, Ginès P, Bernardi M, Arroyo V. Systemic inflammation in decompensated cirrhosis: Characterization and role in acute-on-chronic liver failure. Hepatology 2016; 64:1249-64. [PMID: 27483394 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in cirrhosis is characterized by acute decompensation (AD), organ failure(s), and high short-term mortality. Recently, we have proposed (systemic inflammation [SI] hypothesis) that ACLF is the expression of an acute exacerbation of the SI already present in decompensated cirrhosis. This study was aimed at testing this hypothesis and included 522 patients with decompensated cirrhosis (237 with ACLF) and 40 healthy subjects. SI was assessed by measuring 29 cytokines and the redox state of circulating albumin (HNA2), a marker of systemic oxidative stress. Systemic circulatory dysfunction (SCD) was estimated by plasma renin (PRC) and copeptin (PCC) concentrations. Measurements were performed at enrollment (baseline) in all patients and sequentially during hospitalization in 255. The main findings of this study were: (1) Patients with AD without ACLF showed very high baseline levels of inflammatory cytokines, HNA2, PRC, and PCC. Patients with ACLF showed significantly higher levels of these markers than those without ACLF; (2) different cytokine profiles were identified according to the type of ACLF precipitating event (active alcoholism/acute alcoholic hepatitis, bacterial infection, and others); (3) severity of SI and frequency and severity of ACLF at enrollment were strongly associated. The course of SI and the course of ACLF (improvement, no change, or worsening) during hospitalization and short-term mortality were also strongly associated; and (4) the strength of association of ACLF with SI was higher than with SCD. CONCLUSION These data support SI as the primary driver of ACLF in cirrhosis. (Hepatology 2016;64:1249-1264).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Clària
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rudolf E Stauber
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Minneke J Coenraad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Moreau
- Inserm, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), UMRS1149; Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) UNITY; Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, ComUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver Disease Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Pavesi
- EF-CLIF and EASL-CLIF Consortium, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àlex Amorós
- EF-CLIF and EASL-CLIF Consortium, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Titos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Alcaraz-Quiles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karl Oettl
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Morales-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Angeli
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Domenicali
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Alessandria
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Alexander Gerbes
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital LMU Munich, Liver Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Frederik Nevens
- University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wim Laleman
- University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Faouzi Saliba
- Hôpital Paul Brousse, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Gustot
- Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Benten
- University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - François Durand
- Inserm, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), UMRS1149; Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) UNITY; Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, ComUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pere Ginès
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mauro Bernardi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Ravarotto V, Pagnin E, Maiolino G, Fragasso A, Carraro G, Rossi B, Calò LA. The blocking of angiotensin II type 1 receptor and RhoA/Rho kinase activity in hypertensive patients: Effect of olmesartan medoxomil and implication with cardiovascular-renal remodeling. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2015; 16:1245-50. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320315594324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Verdiana Ravarotto
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
- Hypertension Clinic, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Pagnin
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maiolino
- Hypertension Clinic, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Fragasso
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Calò
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
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Anraku M, Iohara D, Wada K, Taguchi K, Maruyama T, Otagiri M, Uekama K, Hirayama F. Antioxidant and renoprotective activity of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in nephrectomized rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:608-14. [PMID: 26058311 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic renal failure (CRF). In this study, the effect of cyclodextrins (CDs) on oxidative stress and CRF was investigated using 5/6 nephrectomized rats as model animals. METHODS CRF model rats were divided into five groups and treated for 8 weeks as follows: control, α-CD, β-CD, γ-CD and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HP-β-CD). Blood was collected from the rats after 4 and 8 weeks for an analysis of renal function and oxidative stress tests were carried out. KEY FINDINGS An oral administration of HP-β-CD over an 8-week period resulted in a significant decrease in serum indoxyl sulphate, creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, compared with the other CDs. The ingestion of HP-β-CD also resulted in an increase in antioxidant potential, compared with the other CDs. In in vitro studies, the interaction of HP-β-CD with a uremic toxin, indole molecule, was much higher than that for the other CDs, as evidenced by Proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1) H NMR) measurements. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the ingestion of HP-β-CD might result in a significant reduction in the levels of pro-oxidants in the gastrointestinal tract, such as uremic toxins, thereby inhibiting the subsequent development of oxidative stress in the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan.,DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koki Wada
- Fine Chemicals Department, Nihon Shokuhin Kako Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Taguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan.,DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kaneto Uekama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Hirayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan.,DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
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10
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Kadowaki D, Anraku M, Sakaya M, Hirata S, Maruyama T, Otagiri M. Olmesartan protects endothelial cells against oxidative stress-mediated cellular injury. Clin Exp Nephrol 2015; 19:1007-14. [PMID: 25904217 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-015-1111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary cause of death of hemodialysis (HD) patients is cardiovascular disease, and increased oxidative stress has been proposed to be involved in the disease pathogenesis. In this study, we examined the effect of olmesartan on oxidative stress induced by angiotensin II, lipopolysaccharide, indoxyl sulfate, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which are known to be present at higher concentrations in the blood of HD patients, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the mean fluorescence intensity of CM-H2DCFCA, an ROS-sensitive fluorescent dye, in HUVECs. HUVECs were incubated with each of the above compounds in the presence or absence of olmesartan. Moreover, these oxidant-stimulated cells were also treated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium (DPI) or PKC inhibitor calphostin C. In addition, we investigated the effects of olmesartan on cytotoxicity and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, which is involved in vascular inflammation in HUVECs induced by AOPP or H2O2. RESULTS The treatment of these oxidant-stimulated cells with olmesartan resulted in a significant reduction in intracellular ROS production to an extent that was nearly equivalent to that of NAC, DPI or calphostin C. Furthermore, olmesartan reduced the cytotoxicity and VEGF secretion induced by AOPP or H2O2. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that the antioxidant activity of olmesartan might contribute to both its vasculoprotective and anti-hypertensive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kadowaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
| | - Moe Sakaya
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Sumio Hirata
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
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11
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Effect of olmesartan medoxomil on number and survival of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and calcitonin gene related peptide in hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2014; 32:193-9. [PMID: 24309489 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32836522c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Injury of vascular endothelium, crucial in vascular disease, is repaired via circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs). In hypertension, cEPCs number is reduced and function impaired adding further risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced oxidative stress (OxSt), accelerates cEPCs senescence. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), able to prevent and reverse Ang II-induced cEPCs senescence, is reduced in hypertension and stimulated by the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory heme oxygenase (HO)-1. In essential hypertensive patients olmesartan reduced OxSt and markers of CV remodeling and increased HO-1. This study reports in essential hypertensive patients the effect of 6 months treatment with olmesartan on plasma level of CGRP and number and survival of cEPCs. METHODS AND RESULTS In 20 essential hypertensive patients treated with olmesartan medoxomil (20 mg per day for 6 months), cEPCs (CD34(+)KDR(+), CD133(+)KDR(+) and CD34(+)CD133(+)KDR(+)) (direct 3-color flow cytometry analysis), apoptosis of cEPCs (CD133(+)KDR(+) cells with Annexin V expression), CGRP determination (ELISA) and HO-1 protein level (western blot) were assessed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatments. Olmesartan normalized blood pressure (P < 0.001), increased cEPCs from baseline (CD34(+)KDR(+): P < 0.003; CD133(+)KDR(+): P < 0.0002; CD34(+)CD133(+)KDR(+): P = 0.0008), reduced cEPCs apoptosis (P < 0.001) and increased CGRP (P < 0.013) and HO-1 (P = 0.039). CONCLUSION These results provide a mechanistic rationale for the olmesartan's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential translation toward antiatherosclerotic and antiremodeling effects reported on clinical ground.
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12
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Anraku M, Tanaka M, Hiraga A, Nagumo K, Imafuku T, Maezaki Y, Iohara D, Uekama K, Watanabe H, Hirayama F, Maruyama T, Otagiri M. Effects of chitosan on oxidative stress and related factors in hemodialysis patients. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 112:152-7. [PMID: 25129729 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent world-wide studies, chitosans were tested as a dietary supplement for inhibiting the absorption of certain lipids and bile acids. We previously demonstrated the antioxidative and renoprotective potential of chitosan supplementation in chronic renal failure using 5/6 nephrectomized rats. In this study, we report the effects of chitosan on oxidative stress and related factors in hemodialysis patients. The ingestion of chitosan over a 12-week period resulted in a significant decrease in serum indoxyl sulfate and phosphate levels, compared with the levels prior to the start of the study. The ingestion of chitosan also resulted in a lowered ratio of oxidized to reduced albumin and a decrease in the level of advanced oxidized protein products. In in vitro studies, chitosan solutions were found to bind 38.5% of the indoxyl sulfate and 17.8% of the phosphate, respectively. Further, the oxidized albumin ratio was correlated with serum indoxyl sulfate levels in vivo. These results suggest that the ingestion of chitosan results in a significant reduction in the levels of pro-oxidants, which include uremic toxins, in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby inhibiting the subsequent development of oxidative stress in the systemic circulation. In addition, the long-term ingestion of chitosan has the potential for use in treating hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Motoko Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology, Akebono Clinic, 5-1-1 Shirafuji-machi, Kumamoto 861-4112, Japan
| | - Ayumu Hiraga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Kohei Nagumo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tadashi Imafuku
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yuji Maezaki
- Nippon Kayaku Food Techno Co., Ltd., Gunma 370-1208, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Kaneto Uekama
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Hirayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
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13
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Cys34-cysteinylated human serum albumin is a sensitive plasma marker in oxidative stress-related chronic diseases. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85216. [PMID: 24416365 PMCID: PMC3885702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The degree of oxidized cysteine (Cys) 34 in human serum albumin (HSA), as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), is correlated with oxidative stress related pathological conditions. In order to further characterize the oxidation of Cys34-HSA at the molecular level and to develop a suitable analytical method for a rapid and sensitive clinical laboratory analysis, the use of electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ESI-TOFMS) was evaluated. A marked increase in the cysteinylation of Cys34 occurs in chronic liver and kidney diseases and diabetes mellitus. A significant positive correlation was observed between the Cys-Cys34-HSA fraction of plasma samples obtained from 229 patients, as determined by ESI-TOFMS, and the degree of oxidized Cys34-HSA determined by HPLC. The Cys-Cys34-HSA fraction was significantly increased with the progression of liver cirrhosis, and was reduced by branched chain amino acids (BCAA) treatment. The changes in the Cys-Cys34-HSA fraction were significantly correlated with the alternations of the plasma levels of advanced oxidized protein products, an oxidative stress marker for proteins. The binding ability of endogenous substances (bilirubin and tryptophan) and drugs (warfarin and diazepam) to HSA purified from chronic liver disease patients were significantly suppressed but significantly improved by BCAA supplementation. Interestingly, the changes in this physiological function of HSA in chronic liver disease were correlated with the Cys-Cys34-HSA fraction. In conclusion, ESI-TOFMS is a suitable high throughput method for the rapid and sensitive quantification of Cys-Cys34-HSA in a large number of samples for evaluating oxidative stress related chronic disease progression or in response to a treatment.
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Huber M, Treutler T, Martus P, Kurzidim A, Kreutz R, Beige J. Dialysis-associated hypertension treated with Telmisartan--DiaTel: a pilot, placebo-controlled, cross-over, randomized trial. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79322. [PMID: 24260194 PMCID: PMC3832496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Treatment of hypertension in hemodialysis (HD) patients is characterised by lack of evidence for both the blood pressure (BP) target goal and the recommended drug class to use. Telmisartan, an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) that is metabolised in the liver and not excreted via HD extracorporeal circuit might be particularly suitable for HD patients. We designed and conducted a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind and cross-over trial for treatment of dialysis-associated hypertension with telmisartan 80 mg once daily or placebo on top of standard antihypertensive treatment excluding other Renin-Angiotensin-System (RAS) blockers. In 29 patients after randomization we analysed BP after a treatment period of 8 weeks, while 13 started with telmisartan and 16 with placebo; after 8 weeks 11 continued with telmisartan and 12 with placebo after cross-over, respectively. Patients exhibited a significant reduction of systolic pre-HD BP from 141.9±21.8 before to 131.3±17.3 mmHg after the first treatment period with telmisartan or placebo. However, no average significant influence of telmisartan was observed compared to placebo. The latter may be due to a large inter-individual variability of BP responses reaching from a 40 mmHg decrease under placebo to 40 mmHg increase under telmisartan. Antihypertensive co-medication was changed for clinical reasons in 7 out of 21 patients with no significant difference between telmisartan and placebo groups. Our starting hypothesis, that telmisartan on top of standard therapy lowers systolic office BP in HD patients could not be confirmed. In conclusion, this small trial indicates that testing antihypertensive drug efficacy in HD patients is challenging due to complicated standardization of concomitant medication and other confounding factors, e.g. volume status, salt load and neurohormonal activation, that influence BP control in HD patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrialsregister.eu 2005-005021-60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Huber
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Medical Centre Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Treutler
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Nephrology, Kuratorium for Dialysis and Transplantation (KfH) Renal Unit, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Martus
- Department of Clinical Statistics and Biometry, Charité Medical Centre Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Kurzidim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Nephrology, Kuratorium for Dialysis and Transplantation (KfH) Renal Unit, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Medical Centre Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Beige
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Nephrology, Kuratorium for Dialysis and Transplantation (KfH) Renal Unit, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Anraku M, Chuang VTG, Maruyama T, Otagiri M. Redox properties of serum albumin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5465-72. [PMID: 23644037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative damage results in protein modification, and is observed in numerous diseases. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant circulating protein in the plasma, exerts important antioxidant activities against oxidative damage. SCOPE OF REVIEW The present review focuses on the characterization of chemical changes in HSA that are induced by oxidative damage, their relevance to human pathology and the most recent advances in clinical applications. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant properties of HSA are largely dependent on Cys34 and its contribution to the maintenance of intravascular homeostasis, including protecting the vascular endothelium under disease conditions related to oxidative stress. Recent studies also evaluated the susceptibility of other important amino acid residues to free radicals. The findings suggest that a redox change in HSA is related to the oxidation of several amino acid residues by different oxidants. Further, Cys34 adducts, such as S-nitrosylated and S-guanylated forms also play an important role in clinical applications. On the other hand, the ratio of the oxidized form to the normal form of albumin (HMA/HNA), which is a function of the redox states of Cys34, could serve as a useful marker for evaluating systemic redox states, which would be useful for the evaluation of disease progression and therapeutic efficacy. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review provides new insights into our current understanding of the mechanism of HSA oxidation, based on in vitro and in vivo studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Serum Albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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16
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Rosei EA. Reduction of Cardiovascular Risk through Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antagonism : Focus on Olmesartan Medoxomil. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2013; 15:231-43. [PMID: 23355126 DOI: 10.2165/0151642-200815040-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that angiotensin II is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Less well recognized - until recently, at least - is its involvement in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, it is now evident that angiotensin II promotes oxidative stress, vascular remodelling, inflammation, and the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. These actions, which are mediated almost exclusively by the angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor, can be blocked by administration of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs]). Of the seven ARBs currently in clinical use, olmesartan is one of the most effective. The rapid and consistent antihypertensive efficacy of this drug, which allows a high proportion of patients to achieve their target blood pressure (BP), is associated with beneficial effects on oxidative stress, vascular remodelling, inflammation, and atherosclerotic lesion formation. These effects appear to be independent of the BP-lowering activity of olmesartan. In clinical trials, olmesartan has been shown to control microinflammation in hypertensive patients, to reduce oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to normalize the wall: lumen ratio of small resistance arteries (a measure of vascular remodelling) in patients with hypertension. Moreover, in a 2-year study involving hypertensive patients with carotid atherosclerosis (the MORE [Multicentre Olmesartan atherosclerosis Regression Evaluation] trial), olmesartan reduced the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery and significantly reduced the volume of large atherosclerotic plaques. These data suggest that olmesartan may reduce cardiovascular risk by simultaneously normalizing BP and reversing the proatherogenic effects of angiotensin II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Agabiti Rosei
- Clinica Medica and Department of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy,
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17
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Anraku M, Tomida H, Michihara A, Tsuchiya D, Iohara D, Maezaki Y, Uekama K, Maruyama T, Otagiri M, Hirayama F. Antioxidant and renoprotective activity of chitosan in nephrectomized rats. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:302-4. [PMID: 24750638 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of chitosan on oxidative stress and chronic renal failure was investigated using 5/6 nephrectomized rats. The ingestion of chitosan over a 4-week period resulted in a significant decrease in total body weight, glucose, serum creatinine and indoxyl sulfate levels (P=0.0011, P=0.0006, P=0.0012, and P=0.0005, respectively), compared with the non-treated nephrectomized group. The ingestion of chitosan also resulted in a lowered ratio of oxidized to reduced albumin (P=0.003) and an increase in biological antioxidant potential (P=0.023). Interestingly, the oxidized albumin ratio was correlated with serum indoxyl sulfate levels in vivo. These results suggest that the ingestion of chitosan results in a significant reduction in the levels of pro-oxidants, such as uremic toxins, in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby inhibiting the subsequent development of oxidative stress in the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1 Sanzo, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan
| | - Hisao Tomida
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1 Sanzo, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan
| | - Akihiro Michihara
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1 Sanzo, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan
| | - Daiju Tsuchiya
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1 Sanzo, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Yuji Maezaki
- Nippon Kayaku Food Techno Co., Ltd., Gunma 370-1208, Japan
| | - Kaneto Uekama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Hirayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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18
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Chan YC, Leung PS. The Renin-angiotensin system and reactive oxygen species: implications in pancreatitis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2743-55. [PMID: 21644836 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a circulating hormonal system involved in the regulation of blood pressure and circulating fluid electrolytes. Recent findings have revealed that locally generated angiotensin (Ang) II plays a pivotal role in normal physiology as well as pathophysiology in various tissues and organs, including the pancreas. This review article summarizes current progress that has been made in elucidating the putative roles of Ang II in both acute and chronic pancreatitis. RECENT ADVANCES A convergence of evidence suggests that the underlying mechanism may involve reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating systems, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, and subsequent elevation of proinflammatory and profibrogenic gene expression as well as protein activity. More importantly, Ang II-induced ROS interacts with other ROS-generating systems to positively feed-forward the ROS-induced signaling. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Advances in basic research indicate that RAS blockers may provide potential therapeutic role for the management of pancreatic inflammation and, more importantly, pancreatitis-associated complications. Genetic alterations resulting from a malfunction in the epigenetic control of pancreatic RAS could be a causative factor in the development of pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk Cheung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Teritories, Hong Kong, China
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19
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Watanabe H, Miyamoto Y, Otagiri M, Maruyama T. Update on the Pharmacokinetics and Redox Properties of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:3682-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Anraku M, Takeuchi K, Watanabe H, Kadowaki D, Kitamura K, Tomita K, Kuniyasu A, Suenaga A, Maruyama T, Otagiri M. Quantitative Analysis of Cysteine-34 On the Anitioxidative Properties of Human Serum Albumin in Hemodialysis Patients. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:3968-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Anraku M, Michihara A, Yasufuku T, Akasaki K, Tsuchiya D, Nishio H, Maruyama T, Otagiri M, Maezaki Y, Kondo Y, Tomida H. The antioxidative and antilipidemic effects of different molecular weight chitosans in metabolic syndrome model rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 33:1994-8. [PMID: 21139239 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of high and low molecular weight chitosans (HMC; 1000 kDa, LMC; 30 kDa) on oxidative stress and hypercholesterolemia was investigated using male 6-week-old Wistar Kyoto rats as a normal model (Normal-rats) and spontaneously hypertensive rat/ND mcr-cp (SHP/ND) as a metabolic syndrome model (MS-rats), respectively. In Normal-rats, the ingestion of both chitosans over a 4 week period resulted in a significant decrease in total body weight (BW), glucose (Gl), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and serum creatinine (Cre) levels. The ingestion of both chitosans also resulted in a lowered ratio of oxidized to reduced albumin and an increase in total plasma antioxidant activity. In addition to similar results in Normal-rats, the ingestion of only HMC over a 4 week period resulted in a significant decrease in total cholesterol levels in MS-rats. Further, the ingestion of LMC resulted in a significantly higher antioxidant activity than was observed for HMC in both rat models. In in vitro studies, LMC caused a significantly higher reduction in the levels of two stable radicals, compared to HMC, and the effect was both dose- and time-dependent. The findings also show that LDL showed strong binding in the case of HMC. These results suggest that LMC has a high antioxidant activity as well as antilipidemic effects, while HMC results in a significant reduction in the levels of pro-oxidants such as LDL in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby inhibiting the subsequent development of oxidative stress in the systemic circulation in metabolic model rats.
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Cal LA, Maso LD, Caielli P, Pagnin E, Fusaro M, Davis PA, Pessina AC. Effect of olmesartan on oxidative stress in hypertensive patients: mechanistic support to clinical trials derived evidence. Blood Press 2011; 20:376-82. [PMID: 21504378 DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2011.575570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension and target organ damage is widely recognized. Using a molecular biology approach, we report, in essential hypertensive patients, the effect of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker olmesartan on the mononuclear cell (PBMC) protein expression of major elements in the oxidative stress and vascular remodeling-related pathways, p22(phox) and HO-1, along with the phosphorylation state of ERK1/2 and plasma oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL). Twenty untreated essential hypertensive patients (range blood pressure: 142?156/94?98 mmHg) were treated with olmesartan medoxomil (20 mg/day for 6 months) and blood samples collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months for PBMC p22(phox) and HO-1 protein expression, phosphorylation state of ERK1/2 (western blot) and oxLDL level (ELISA) evaluations. Olmesartan normalized blood pressure since the third month (149 ? 4.7/94.88 ? 1.9 mmHg vs 137.89 ? 2.08/88.44 ? 2.0 at 3 months and vs 135.44 ? 2.18/85.78 ? 1.2 at 6 months, analysis of variance: p < 0.001). p22(phox) protein level declined at 3 months (7.10 ? 2.61 vs 9.32 ? 2.43 densitometric units (d.u.; p < 0.001), further declining at 6 months (4.55 ? 1.26 d.u., p < 0.001). HO-1 levels increased at 3 months (10.87 ? 1.92 vs 7.70 ? 0.71 d.u., p = 0.001) and remained elevated (11.11 ? 1.89 d.u., p = 0.001), without further increase at 6 months. Phosphorylated ERK1/2 declined at 3 months (3.94 ? 1.44 vs 5.62 ? 1.11 d.u., p = 0.001), further declining at 6 months (1.94 ? 0.87, p < 0.001). oxLDL significantly declined at 3 and 6 months. These results demonstrate that olmesartan inhibits oxidative stress. Given the involvement of oxidative stress and its signaling in atherogenesis, and the available evidence of olmesartan's vasoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic effects derived from clinical trials in humans, the results of our study provide a mechanistic rationale for the omelsartan's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential translation, in the long term, toward the antiatherosclerotic and antiremodeling effects reported on the clinical ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo A Cal
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.
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23
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Taguchi K, Maruyama T, Otagiri M. Pharmacokinetic properties of hemoglobin vesicles as a substitute for red blood cells. Drug Metab Rev 2011; 43:362-73. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2011.558094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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24
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Tanaka M, Tokunaga K, Komaba H, Itoh K, Matsushita K, Watanabe H, Kadowaki D, Maruyama T, Otagiri M, Fukagawa M. Vitamin D receptor activator reduces oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Ther Apher Dial 2011; 15:161-8. [PMID: 21426509 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-9987.2010.00890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with a vitamin D receptor activator (VDRA) has survival benefits probably related to its effects beyond the traditional role in mineral metabolism. We hypothesized that VDRA reduces oxidative stress in hemodialysis (HD) patients. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of VDRA on the oxidative status of albumin in HD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Eleven HD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism were treated with calcitriol at an intravenous dose of 1.5 µg/week for four weeks. Serum intact parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphorus were monitored and we measured the amount of oxidized albumin and albumin hydroperoxides form before and after calcitriol treatment. The ratio of oxidized to un-oxidized albumin was determined as a representative marker of oxidative stress. The radical scavenging activity of albumin was also evaluated. After four weeks of calcitriol therapy, there were no significant changes in serum intact parathyroid hormone, calcium, or phosphorus levels; however, the ratio of oxidized to un-oxidized albumin was markedly decreased and serum thiol content was significantly increased after calcitriol treatment. Furthermore, the radical scavenging activity of albumin was greater after calcitriol treatment compared with that of untreated albumin. Our data suggest that intravenous calcitriol treatment reduces oxidative stress and strengthens antioxidant defenses by inhibiting albumin oxidation in HD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology, Akebono Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Anraku M, Fujii T, Kondo Y, Kojima E, Hata T, Tabuchi N, Tsuchiya D, Goromaru T, Tsutsumi H, Kadowaki D, Maruyama T, Otagiri M, Tomida H. Antioxidant properties of high molecular weight dietary chitosan in vitro and in vivo. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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de Cavanagh EMV, Inserra F, Ferder L. Angiotensin II blockade: a strategy to slow ageing by protecting mitochondria? Cardiovasc Res 2010; 89:31-40. [PMID: 20819950 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein and lipid oxidation-mainly by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS)-was proposed as a crucial determinant of health and lifespan. Angiotensin II (Ang II) enhances ROS production by activating NAD(P)H oxidase and uncoupling endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Ang II also stimulates mtROS production, which depresses mitochondrial energy metabolism. In rodents, renin-angiotensin system blockade (RAS blockade) increases survival and prevents age-associated changes. RAS blockade reduces mtROS and enhances mitochondrial content and function. This suggests that Ang II contributes to the ageing process by prompting mitochondrial dysfunction. Since Ang II is a pleiotropic peptide, the age-protecting effects of RAS blockade are expected to involve a variety of other mechanisms. Caloric restriction (CR)-an age-retarding intervention in humans and animals-and RAS blockade display a number of converging effects, i.e. they delay the manifestations of hypertension, diabetes, nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, and cancer; increase body temperature; reduce body weight, plasma glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1; ameliorate insulin sensitivity; lower protein, lipid, and DNA oxidation, and mitochondrial H(2)O(2) production; and increase uncoupling protein-2 and sirtuin expression. A number of these overlapping effects involve changes in mitochondrial function. In CR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) seem to contribute to age-retardation partly by regulating mitochondrial function. RAS inhibition up-regulates PPARs; therefore, it is feasible that PPAR modulation is pivotal for mitochondrial protection by RAS blockade during rodent ageing. Other potential mechanisms that may underlie RAS blockade's mitochondrial benefits are TGF-β down-regulation and up-regulation of Klotho and sirtuins. In conclusion, the available data suggest that RAS blockade deserves further research efforts to establish its role as a potential tool to mitigate the growing problem of age-associated chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M V de Cavanagh
- Center of Hypertension, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Derqui, Argentina
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Taguchi K, Urata Y, Anraku M, Maruyama T, Watanabe H, Sakai H, Horinouchi H, Kobayashi K, Tsuchida E, Kai T, Otagiri M. Pharmacokinetic Study of Enclosed Hemoglobin and Outer Lipid Component after the Administration of Hemoglobin Vesicles as an Artificial Oxygen Carrier. Drug Metab Dispos 2009; 37:1456-63. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.027094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ohashi N, Katsurada A, Miyata K, Satou R, Saito T, Urushihara M, Kobori H. Role of activated intrarenal reactive oxygen species and renin-angiotensin system in IgA nephropathy model mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 36:750-5. [PMID: 19298532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
1. Using HIGA (high IgA of ddY) mice as an IgA nephropathy model and BALB/c mice as controls, we demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) were activated in kidneys of HIGA mice. However, it was difficult to establish an association between renal damage and changes in ROS and the RAS. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine whether renal injury is associated with changes in ROS and the RAS in HIGA mice. 2. Male HIGA mice were divided into four groups of 10 each: (i) untreated mice (HIGA + null); (ii) mice treated with the angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist olmesartan (5 mg/kg per day; HIGA + OLM); (iii) mice treated with the superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol (50 mg/kg per day; HIGA + Tempol); and (iv) mice treated with RAS-independent antihypertensive drugs (30 mg/kg per day hydralazine, 0.6 mg/kg per day reserpine and 12 mg/kg per day hydrochlorothiazide; HIGA + HRH). Mice were treated for 5 weeks. 3. Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in the HIGA + OLM and HIGA + HRH groups, but not in the HIGA + Tempol group, compared with HIGA + null mice. The expression of two ROS markers (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and heme oxygenase-1) and angiotensin II as a marker of the RAS decreased significantly in HIGA + OLM and HIGA + Tempol mice, but not in HIGA + HRH mice, compared with HIGA + null mice. As a marker of renal damage, mesangial matrix expansion and the desmin-positive area decreased significantly in the HIGA + OLM and HIGA + Tempol groups, but not in HIGA + HRH group, compared with the HIGA + null group. 4. These data suggest that intrarenal ROS and RAS activation play a pivotal role in the development of IgA nephropathy model mice, from the early phase, independent of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naro Ohashi
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699, USA
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Kadowaki D, Anraku M, Tasaki Y, Taguchi K, Shimoishi K, Seo H, Hirata S, Maruyama T, Otagiri M. Evaluation for Antioxidant and Renoprotective Activity of Olmesartan Using Nephrectomy Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:2041-5. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University
| | - Yuka Tasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Kazuaki Taguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | - Hakaru Seo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University
| | - Sumio Hirata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University
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Anraku M, Fujii T, Furutani N, Kadowaki D, Maruyama T, Otagiri M, Gebicki JM, Tomida H. Antioxidant effects of a dietary supplement: reduction of indices of oxidative stress in normal subjects by water-soluble chitosan. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 47:104-9. [PMID: 18996432 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of water-soluble chitosan, a natural polymer derived from chitin, on indices of oxidative stress was investigated in normal volunteers. Treatment with chitosan for 4 weeks produced a significant decrease in levels of plasma glucose, atherogenic index and led to increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Chitosan treatment also lowered the ratio of oxidized to reduced albumin and increased total plasma antioxidant activity (TPA). There was good correlation between TPA and oxidized albumin ratio. The results indicate that oxidized albumin ratio represents a potentially useful marker of oxidative stress. In in vitro studies, albumin carbonyls and hydroperoxides were significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner in the presence of chitosan, compared with controls (p<0.05). Chitosan also reduced two stable radicals in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The results suggest that chitosan has a direct antioxidant activity in systemic circulation by lowering the indices of oxidative stress in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This may confer benefits additional to the reduction in plasma carbohydrate and increase in HDL levels. It may also inhibit oxidation of serum albumin commonly observed in patients undergoing hemodialysis, resulting in reduction of oxidative stress associated with uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1 Sanzo, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan.
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Hinoi T, Tomohiro Y, Kajiwara S, Matsuo S, Fujimoto Y, Yamamoto S, Shichijo T, Ono T. Telmisartan, an Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker, Improves Coronary Microcirculation and Insulin Resistance among Essential Hypertensive Patients without Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. Hypertens Res 2008; 31:615-22. [DOI: 10.1291/hypres.31.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cruz-Domínguez MP, Villalobos-Molina R, Miliar-García A, Montes-Cortés DH, Reséndiz-Ramírez AC, Asbun-Bojalil J, Cervantes-Cruz J, Castillo-Hernández MC, Castillo-Henkel C. Evidence of alpha1-adrenoceptor functional changes in omental arteries of patients with end-stage renal disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 28:19-27. [PMID: 18257748 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-8673.2007.00413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1 Alpha1-Adrenoceptor (alpha1-AR) subtypes were characterized in isolated omental arteries obtained after abdominal surgery in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 plus ESRD (ESRD-DM). 2 Omental arteries from patients with ESRD and ESRD-DM elicited a significant increase in sensitivity to phenylephrine with a pD(2) (-log EC50) of 6.7 and 6.6, respectively, vs. the control (5.8, P < 0.001). 3 Stimulation with phenylephrine was conducted in the presence or absence of selective alpha1-AR competitive antagonists: 5-methylurapidil (alpha1A-), AH11110A (1-[biphenyl-2-yloxy]-4-imino-4-piperidin-1-yl-butan-2-ol; alpha1B-) and BMY7378 (8-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-8-azaspiro [4.5] decane-7,9-dione; alpha(1D)-). The relative abundance of mRNA for all three alpha(1)-ARs was determined. 4 The maximal contractile responses to phenylephrine were: E(max) 1.59 +/- 0.17, 1.48 +/- 0.08 and 1.55 +/- 0.14 g for the ESRD, ESRD-DM and control groups, respectively. 5 Functionally, there was an increment in the affinity for the alpha(1A)-AR antagonist (pA2: control 7.45, ESRD 8.36, ESRD-DM 8.0; P < 0.01), and a reduction in the alpha1B-AR antagonist affinity (8.3 for controls, 7.6 for ESRD and 7.3 for ESRD-DM; P < 0.01) associated with renal disease. The affinities for the alpha1D-AR antagonist were similar among the studied groups (8.5 for the controls, 8.7 for the ESRD and 8.1 for the ESRD-DM groups). 6 Renal disease increased mRNA expression of alpha(1B)-ARs and reduced both alpha1A- and alpha(1D)-ARs subtypes in ESRD and ESRD-DM patients. 7 The results suggest that human omental arteries exposed to chronic uraemia show vascular hypersensitivity to phenylephrine, because of functional alpha1-AR changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Cruz-Domínguez
- Hospital Centro Médico La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Seris y Zaachila s/n, México, D.F. 02990
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Volpe M, Castello L, Cosentino F. Effects of Olmesartan on Endothelial Function. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2007. [DOI: 10.2165/00151642-200714040-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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